课时测评14 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版）

课时测评14　Section Ⅴ　Lesson 3 (时间：45分钟　满分：65分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．My teacher often shares emotional (emotion) stories that help us understand the lesson better. 2．The excitement (excite) in the classroom is high when we start a new project. 3．I enjoy taking photographic (photograph) notes to remember what we learn in class. 4．I was very proud when my essay was published (publish) in the school magazine. 5．Memorization (memorize) is important, but understanding the concepts is even more helpful. 6．My grades improved sharply (sharp) after I began studying regularly. 7．It is timely (time) to review everything we learned before the final exam. 8．The arrangement (arrange) of topics in our textbook makes it easier to study. 9．We need to practice our math with larger digits (digit) this week. 10．The teacher checks our progress periodically (periodic) to see how we are improving. Ⅱ.根据提示翻译句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分) 1．在准备考试的时候，放轻松，不要压力太大，这是很重要的。(take it easy) When studying for exams, it's very important to take it easy and not stress too much． 2．她整个星期都在努力学习；结果，她考得很好。(as a result) She studied hard all week; as a result, she did well on the test． 3．我发现数学很难；这是因为我去年没有足够的练习。 I find math difficult and this is because I didn't practice enough last year． 4．在杂志上发表我的第一篇文章对我来说是一次令人兴奋的经历。(动名词作主语；publish) Publishing my first article in a magazine was an exciting experience for me. 5．有许多让学习一门新语言变得更容易的技巧。(主谓一致；technique) There are many techniques that make learning a new language easier． Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·江西重点高中联考) Conventional chemical fertilisers (肥料) aren't among the most eco-friendly substances in the world.Not only do they pollute the environment if they get into waterways, but they also reduce nutrients in the soil over time.What's more, they're relatively expensive. Seeking a greener and more sustainable alternative, some farmers have started applying nitrogen-fixing bacteria (固氮细菌) to their crops.These bacteria absorb nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and turn it into ammonia in the soil.That ammonia provides the plants with nutrients, restores poor soil, and boosts the plants' natural defences against pest insects. One problem with the bacteria, however, is the fact that they are very sensitive to heat and humidity (湿度).This means they don't stand up well to being shipped out to farms from a central source.It's possible to grow them at farms in large fermenters(发酵器), although building and maintaining those fermenters can be quite expensive. With these drawbacks in mind, Asst Prof.Ariel Furst and her colleagues at MIT have created a method of coating the bacteria in tiny“metal-phenol network”(MPN) shells(外壳).The shells contained organic compounds called phenols, which are generally regarded as safe by the Food and Drug Administration. This new coating technology could make such bacteria more widely available than ever before.On the one hand, these coatings don't block the bacteria's growth or functions.On the other hand, they do provide protection from heat and humidity.The coated bacteria can even be freeze-dried, then shipped and applied to crops. Furst's team created 12 different MPNs which comprised metals such as iron, manganese, aluminum and zinc, all of which are considered safe for use as food additives.When these MPNs were used on nitrogen-fixing bacteria, all 12 of them were found to protect the bacteria from temperatures of up to 50 ℃ and from relative humidity of up to 48%. Furst is now commercialising the technology through a company she founded, called Seia Bio.“When we think about developing technology, we need to intentionally design it to be inexpensive and accessible, and that's what this technology is，” she said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种保护固氮细菌的新涂层技术，这种技术可以使固氮细菌被更广泛地使用。 1．Why are conventional chemical fertilisers mentioned in the first Paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To show their advantages. C．To provide an example. D．To explain how to use them. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者介绍了传统化肥的缺点，下文则展开介绍了一种能够替代传统化肥的固氮细菌及其缺点，以及研究团队为解决这种细菌存在的问题而研发的新技术。由此可推知，作者在第一段提及传统化肥是为了引入话题，介绍下文中的保护固氮细菌的新涂层技术。故选A项。 2．What can we learn about nitrogen-fixing bacteria? A．They prefer high temperatures. B．They are insensitive to humidity. C．They reduce nutrients in the soil. D．They are environmentally friendly. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Seeking a greener and more sustainable alternative, some farmers have started applying nitrogen-fixing bacteria to their crops.”可知，固氮细菌更环保。故选D项。 3．What does the underlined word“they” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．MPN shells. B．The plants. C．Chemical fertilisers. D．The coated bacteria. 答案：A 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段中的“With these drawbacks in mind...have created a method of coating the bacteria in tiny‘metal-phenol network’(MPN) shells(外壳).”、画线词前的“On the one hand, these coatings don't block the bacteria's growth or functions.”及画线词后的“provide protection from heat and humidity”可知，研究团队将固氮细菌包裹在微小的“金属-酚类网络”外壳中，这种外壳不会阻碍固氮细菌的生长和作用，同时还能保护细菌，隔绝热和湿气。此处 they指的是前一句中的 these coatings，即上文中提到的 MPN shells。故选A项。 4．What does Furst expect of the new coating technology? A．It may help farmers to ship crops. B．It can be widely applied. C．It might be accessible to more companies. D．It will limit the growth of bacteria. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断，弗斯特正在将这项技术商业化，并考虑使其廉价且容易获得。由此可知，弗斯特希望新的涂层技术可以被广泛应用。故选B项。 B (2024·河北唐山模拟) When Mark Twain visited Florence in 1867, he dutifully visited the city's museums, churches, and tombs.But as he stood by the Arno, he began to sense the Italians' insistence that it was a river, not a stream.“They all call it a river, and they honestly think it is a river，” he complained.“I might enter Florence under happier circumstances a month hence and find it all beautiful, all attractive.But I do not care to think of it now, at all.” It's normal to feel uncomfortable outside your home culture.Feelings of discomfort, dislocation, and overload among travellers are referred to by many as“culture shock”．But Susan Goldstein, a professor at the University of Redlands says, “Though the term has existed for many years, ‘Culture shock’ implies a dramatic, unexpected, negative event.Though many travellers will experience such challenges, a real sense of‘shock’ is untypical.So untypical that many researchers no longer use the term.” It was the vivid description of culture shock by Canadian researcher Oberg, written around 1960 in response to his own multicultural experiences, that won over audiences.The researcher spoke of the adjustment process as“an occupational disease of people who have suddenly been transplanted abroad”—a “disease” that progressed from a honeymoon phase, through rejecting the new environment, to finally adjusting fully to it.By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that, like physical illnesses, culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages. Modern research, however, suggests that the experiences of cultural adaptation are individual, not universal.“People will have their ups and downs, but for the most part, they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time，” Goldstein says.And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself, an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important. As for Mark Twain, the moody author was able to ride out his feelings of upset and dislocation while travelling.He eventually finished out his European tour— and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad，famously remarked that travel is“fatal to prejudice and narrow-mindedness.” With the right attitude— and the willingness to seek help if you need it— it's more than likely that you, too, can adapt and grow in new settings, building new memories— and toughness— with each new stamp in your passport. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了文化冲击的适应经历因人而异，而不仅仅是普遍存在的。 5．How did Mark Twain feel about Italians' insistence? A．Annoyed. B．Calm. C．Uninterested. D．Curious. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘They all call it a river, and they honestly think it is a river，’ he complained.”可知，马克·吐温抱怨意大利人坚持认为阿尔诺河是一条河，而不是一条小溪，说明他对意大利人的固执感到恼火。故选A项。 6．What can be inferred about culture shock? A．It would lead to physical diseases. B．It was regarded as an avoidable thing. C．It was named for people's adjustment. D．It had gained wide acceptance by the 1970s. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。第二段中苏珊·戈尔茨坦教授说的话中提到，虽然“文化冲击”这个术语已存在多年，但许多研究者已经不再使用它，因为它描述的“冲击”感并不典型；而根据第三段中的“By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that, like physical illnesses, culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages.”可知，到20世纪70年代，许多研究人员采用了这样一种观点，即“文化冲击”就像身体疾病一样，会经历一系列非常一致和普遍的阶段，这表明“文化冲击”得到广泛接受。故选D项。 7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Suggestions about culture shock. B．A change in understanding culture shock. C．Stress on the importance of culture shock. D．A criticism of previous ideas of culture shock. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“People will have their ups and downs, but for the most part, they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time”和“an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important”可知，大多数人会越来越适应文化冲击，而在这一过程中个人的内在期望和差异也同样重要，即适应的过程因人而异，这与第三段中提到的许多研究者认为文化冲击的经历具有普遍性和一致性不同。由此可知，本段主要介绍了对文化冲击的理解的改变。故选B项。 8．Why is Mark Twain mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To remember him. B．To inform and anticipate. C．To conclude and encourage. D．To make the ending humorous. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。最后一段内容提到，马克·吐温能够在旅行中排解自己的不安和失落感，最终结束了他的欧洲之旅；紧接着便指出有了正确的态度，其他人也可以在新的环境中适应和成长。由此可知，最后一段提到马克·吐温是为了总结全文，鼓励读者采取正确的态度。故选C项。 Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) (2024·福建福州六校高一期中联考) I'm a university professor at an art school.Last year, I decided to 1 online classes to gain some knowledge of Arabic (阿拉伯语). My teacher and I would meet a few times a month to practise 2 and go over grammar.During our communication, he also 3 details of his life.Gradually, the 4 of the first few lessons gave way to more familiarity and comfort.I stopped feeling embarrassed and began to open up about my own background and my 5 with Arabic.“Don't worry; I'm here to 6 you.You're hard-working and I'm sure you'll do well in it，” said my teacher.I had 7 my students with similar words in my own teaching.It was 8 to hear them directed at me.The tables turned. “You are 9 today，” my teacher would say when I used varied vocabulary or expressions.When I heard these four words, I got a feeling of 10 .It also surprised me that my confidence could be encouraged by such 11 praise.That was when I became aware how 12 I had praised my students.I thought much praise made them self-satisfied.But now, I have a change of heart and 13 that these plain words can mean a lot.Words 14 .And now I become more 15 when I use them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位大学教授通过学习阿拉伯语过程中，意识到自己以前对学生的表扬太少，懂得了简单的语言可以产生很大的影响的道理。 1．A．keep up with B．sign up for C．make up for D．come up with 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“online classes to gain some knowledge of Arabic”及下文的“My teacher and I”可知，作者决定报名参加在线课程学习阿拉伯语。故选 B项。 2．A．conversation B．reading C．writing D．translation 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“During our communication”可知，作者和老师通过交谈的方式练习口语。故选A项。 3．A．recorded B．avoided C．shared D．debated 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“details of his life”可知，老师在和作者交流的过程中，分享了自己的生活细节。故选C项。 4．A．expectation B．plainness C．excitement D．awkwardness 答案：D 解析：根据下文的“gave way to more familiarity and comfort”及“I stopped feeling embarrassed”可知，作者和老师逐渐熟悉起来， 不再像最初几节课那样尴尬。故选 D项。 5．A．satisfaction B．battle C．conflict D．connection 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“Don't worry; I'm here to you.You're hard-working and I'm sure you'll do well in it”可知，作者的老师是在安慰作者，让他不要担心阿拉伯语的学习。由此判断，作者是向老师表达了自己学习阿拉伯语的困难之处，也就是与之作斗争。故选B项。 6．A．remind B．teach C．notice D．warn 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“said my teacher”和常识可知，老师的职责是教学生。故选B项。 7．A．praised B．informed C．comforted D．rescued 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“You're hard-working and I'm sure you'll do well in it”及下文的“with similar words”可知，上文是老师安慰作者的话，此处指作者在教学中也会用类似的话安慰学生。故选C项。 8．A．pleased B．concerned C．strange D．upset 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“The tables turned.”可知，作者的角色发生了转变，从老师变成了学生，因此听到老师对自己说的这些鼓励的话，作者感到奇怪。故选C项。 9．A．excellent B．brave C．energetic D．fluent 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“when I used varied vocabulary or expressions”可知，当作者使用各种各样的词汇或表达方式时，老师表扬作者很优秀。故选 A项。 10．A．calm B．joy C．relief D．safety 答案：B 解析：根据上文可知，老师表扬了作者，因此作者感到高兴。故选B项。 11．A．mild B．special C．common D．simple 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“You are today”及下文的“these plain words”可知，老师的表扬很简单，只是一句“你今天很优秀”。故选D项。 12．A．naturally B．necessarily C．rarely D．casually 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“I thought much praise made them self-satisfied.”可知，作者认为表扬过多会让学生自满，但他从学生的角度感受到了表扬的力量，因此意识到自己以前很少表扬学生。故选C项。 13．A．understand B．remember C．reflect D．wonder 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“I have a change of heart”及下文的“these plain words can mean a lot”可知，作者改变了对表扬的看法，理解了简单的话语可能产生很大的影响。故选A项。 14．A．fail B．matter C．remain D．develop 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“these plain words can mean a lot”可知，作者理解了话语很重要。故选 B项。 15．A．curious B．dependent C．particular D．thoughtful 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“these plain words can mean a lot”可知，作者意识到话语的重要性，因此在使用语言时会更加深思熟虑。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $