Unit 8 Section Ⅶ Writing Workshop & Reading Club-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“绿色生活”主题，涵盖阅读单词、核心词汇、重点短语及典型句式（如even though让步状语从句、as非限制性定语从句），通过错题自查固根基、语基讲练提能力搭建学习支架，衔接模仿范文学写作与课时测评，形成从基础到应用的完整知识脉络。 其亮点在于以词汇拓展（如dispose→disposal）和句式讲练提升语言能力，通过调查类范文分析（如环保行动调查）培养思维品质，结合真实语篇（如玻璃回收组织、时尚垃圾问题）增强学习能力。学生能系统掌握主题语言知识与写作技巧，教师可依托分层练习与测评高效开展教学。

UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 主题语境：人与自然——人与环境 Section Ⅶ Writing Workshop & Reading Club 内容索引 语基讲练　提能力 2 语基自查　固根基 1 模仿范文　学写作 3 课时测评 4 语基自查　固根基 返回 阅读单词——识记 1．resident doctors 　　　　　 _____医生 2．a diagram of the machine 机器示意___ 3．a butter knife _____刀 4．a yoghurt cup _____杯 5．landfill sites _________场 6．clean-burning fuel _________燃料 7．a waste-to-energy plant _________发电厂 8．footwear industry _____业 9．near-surface layer _____层 住院　 图　 黄油　 酸奶　 垃圾填埋　 清洁燃烧　 垃圾能源 制鞋　 近表 核心单词——练通 1．________ towards life 对生活的态度 2．__________ point 百分点 3．_______ bags 塑料袋 4．______ bees 蜜蜂 5．_________ materials 包装材料 attitudes　 percentage　 plastic　 honey　 packaging 拓展单词——用活 1．______ buildings 办公楼 →________ documents 官方文件 →_________ announce 正式宣布 2．_______ of waste 处理废物 →waste ________ 废物处理 3．_______ water 盛水 →shipping __________ 货运集装箱 →virus ___________ 病毒控制 4．______ problems 主要问题 →the ________ of people 大多数人 office　 official　 officially　 dispose　 disposal　 contain　 containers　 containment　 major　 majority　 5．______ report 年度报告 →________ held event 每年举办的活动 6．_______ the environment 污染环境 →air __________ 空气污染物 →noise _________ 噪音污染 7．_____ area 洪灾区 →________ season 汛期 8．_______ a direction 指示方向 →economic ________ 经济指标 →give an _________ 给出暗示 9．____ of money 一笔钱 →make a _________ 做出摘要 annual　 annually pollute　 pollutants　 pollution　 flood　 flooding　 indicate　 indicator　 indication　 sum　 summary 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．总之　　　　　　　　　　 __________ 2．削减，缩减 ___________ 3．关闭 _______ 4．参加 ___________ 5．少于 ________ 6．(尤指经历一系列意外后) 最终处于，到头来 ______ to sum up　 cut back on　 turn off　 take part (in)　 less than end up　 第二组　英译汉 7．due to _____ 8. apart from _____________ 9．take responsibility for _____________ 10．warm up _______ 11．contribute to _____________________________________ 因为　 除了……还有　 为……负责任　 使暖和 有助于，促成；捐助；给……投稿；导致 典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　even though引导让步状语从句 教材原句　______________________________________________________ ________________________________ (尽管这个国家每年产生大约450万吨家庭垃圾)，less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills. 2．句型公式　as引导非限制性定语从句 教材原句　____________________ (如图所示)，the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%. 返回 Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year As the diagram shows 语基讲练　提能力 返回 归 纳 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 attitude n．看法；态度   an attitude to/towards　　　 对……的态度 have/take/adopt a(n)...attitude to/towards... 对……持……态度　　 1 ①How can one ever separate out the act from the _________ (attitude) that surround it? ②____________________________________(他保护野生动物的态度) is very firm. ③【写作佳句——主题升华】是他乐观的生活态度和努力工作最终使他走向了成功。 It was ____________________________________________________ finally led him to success. attitudes　 His attitude to protecting the wild animals　 his hard work and the optimistic attitude to/towards life that 归 纳 cut back on 削减，缩减   cut off　　　　 切断；断绝 cut in 插嘴；打断(谈话) cut down 削减；删节；砍倒 cut out 删掉；剪除 cut up 切碎；伤心；难过　　 2 ①Immediate action should be taken to ___________________ (停止砍伐树木) to better the environment. ②My proposal is that you ___________________________ (删除不重要的细节) while describing the incident. ③【写作佳句——发出倡议】我们应该减少使用一次性包装材料，比如塑料瓶。 We should ___________________ disposable packaging，such as plastic bottles. stop cutting down trees　 cut out the unimportant details　 cut back on the use of 归 纳 majority n．大多数 major n．专业 v．主修 adj.主要的   (1)a/the majority of...　 大多数…… be in the majority 占大多数 (2) major in... 主修…… 3 ①The ________ (major) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio. ②The number of students ________ (major)in foreign languages has declined by about half. ③【写作佳句——人物描写】十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择了学医。 At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage _________ _______________，she chose to study medicine. majority　 majoring　 like the majority of girls　 ④【写作佳句——活动报道】据我们调查，参加这项活动的学生占大多数。 →According to our survey, students taking part in this activity are _______________． →According to our survey, __________________________________________ __________ are students. 点津 a/the majority of＋名词，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。 in the majority　 a/the majority of the people taking part in this activity 归 纳 sum vt.概括，总结 summary n．摘要   a large sum of　　 一大笔 in sum 总之，简而言之 sum up 总结，概括 to sum up 总之　　 4 ①The speech you referred to just now ________ (sum) up the present situation of economy. ②Viewers saw him make a five-minute _________ (sum) of local news. ③His uncle ____________________________ (给他一大笔钱)to help him set up his own company. ④【写作佳句——总结观点】总之，我们应该养成正确使用手机的习惯。 →_________________，we should form the habit of using mobile phones properly. summed　 summary　 gave him a large sum of money　 To sum up/In sum 归 纳 contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助contribution n. 捐献；贡献；稿件   (1) contribute sth to... 把某物捐献给…… (2)make a contribution/ contributions to... 对……做出贡献 5 ①The volunteers served in the disaster-stricken area, ____________ (contribute) to the rebuilding work selflessly. ②【中国元素】袁隆平对水稻的发展做出了巨大的贡献。 Yuan Longping ______________________________________________． ③【写作佳句——提出建议】制定时间表是必须的，因为良好的时间管理将有助于我们的成功。 Making a schedule is a must，for good time management will ______________ ___________． contributing　 made great contributions to the development of rice contribute to our success Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：as引导非限制性定语从句 (教材原句) As the diagram shows，the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%. 如图所示，认为自己需要帮助保护环境的人的百分比高达96%。  1 归 纳 (1)本句中as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，可译为“正如，就像”，as本身在从句中作主语或宾语。 (2)as引导非限制性定语从句可放在主句前面、后面，或者中间。 (3)as引导的定语从句通常有以下固定的表达： as we all know＝as is known to us all 正如我们所知道的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as we expect 正如我们所预料的 as you see 正如你看到的　　 ①_______________ (正如我们所期望的)，he performed the task with success. ②The number of smokers，_____________(据报道)，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. ③【写作佳句——提出建议】众所周知，当我们有大的目标时，把它分解成一个个更小的目标会比较有用。 _________________________________，when we have a big goal，it helps to break it down into smaller pieces. As was expected　 as is reported　 As we all know/As is known to us all 句型公式：even though 引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year，less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills. 尽管这个国家每年产生约450万吨的生活垃圾，但其中只有不到1%的垃圾最终被填埋。   2 归 纳 (1)even if/even though“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句。 (2)even if/though所引导的陈述语气从句常用一般现在时表示将来。 (3)even if/though表达与事实不符的假设或情况时需使用虚拟语气。 (4)当从句主语和主句主语一致的时候，可以使用“even if/even though＋非谓语/形容词”的省略结构。　 ①I won't go to his party ____________________ (即使被邀请). ②___________________________________________ (即使期末考试快到了)，I'll still manage to find time to work out. ③________________________ (即便我是你), I wouldn't accept this offer. ④_________________________________(即使她当时更努力地学习了), she might not have passed the exam. 返回 even if/though invited　 Even if/though the final exam is around the corner　 Even if/though I were you　 Even if/though she had studied harder 模仿范文　学写作 返回 Actions Taken by City Residents to Help Protect the Environment Last August，city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. Here are the results： 原文呈现 As the diagram shows，the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96% [1].Very few (4%)felt it was not necessary. More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.Around 90% had tried to recycle① waste such as glass，metal and paper；and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on② the use of disposable packaging，such as plastic honey bottles，and butter and yoghurt containers. Also，the majority of③ residents had cycled or walked. Unfortunately，not as many who took part had taken action to save water and energy in their homes. Just under 40%(38%) tried to save water when they were washing dishes or taking showers.Just over half (51%)[2]tried to save energy by reducing the use of air conditioning or turning off lights. To sum up④，it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of⑤ the environment. Most of them tried to recycle waste，ride bikes or walk，and reduce the use of disposable packaging. However，not as many were saving water and energy. This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities. 知结构 第一段：介绍调查相关的背景、目的、方法、结果等； 第二、三段：分析这些数据或事实反映出的问题，得出结论； 第四段：通常在文章的最后一段阐述作者个人的看法和建议。 名师圈点 学语言 用词特色： ①调查研究类文章相对正式，因此多使用较为规范和正式的单词短语，如recycle(回收利用，再利用)而不是reuse；用cut back on(削减，缩减)而不是cut down；用the majority of意为“大多数”，而不是most of; 用to sum up而不是in short；用take care of而不是look after，等等。 句式特色： [1]句式结构一般较为复杂，多长句，如本句中使用as引导的非限制性定语从句， who引导的定语从句，that连接宾语从句，以及比较结构as high as等。 [2]多使用数字表达以增强客观性和真实性，如 as high as 96%，Around 90%， more than two thirds (70%)， Just under 40%(38%)， Just over half (51%)等。 情境任务写作 你校英文报开展了一次主题为“Hug AI or Stay away from it”的讨论，请你给英文报投稿，发表你对AI的理解和看法。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 仿写程序步骤 1．一仿结构布局合理 第一段：介绍投稿的背景、目的等。 第二段：发表自己对AI的主要看法。 第三段： 总结观点。 2．二仿语言地道流畅 (1)在科技飞速发展的时代，人工智能已经成为我们生活中不可分割的一部分。一些家长和老师担心这可能会给学校教育带来一些负面影响。 In the age of rapid technological development, AI has become ______________ _______________. Some parents and teachers _________________ it may bring some negative impacts on school education. (2)我完全同意人工智能给我们带来了效率和便利。 I ____________ that AI brings us efficiency and convenience. (3)它可以帮助处理复杂的任务并提供个性化的服务。 It can help handle complex tasks and __________________________. an inseparable part of our lives　 are concerned that　 totally agree　 provide personalized services　 (4)例如，带有人工智能的语言学习应用程序可以帮助我们更好地工作。 For instance, language-learning apps with AI __________________． (5)然而，我们不应该盲目地依赖它。过度依赖可能导致人的思维能力下降。 However, we shouldn't ________________. Over-dependence may ________ ________in human thinking ability. (6)我们应该拥抱人工智能，同时与它保持合理的距离。 We should hug AI ____________________________________． help us work better　 rely on it blindly　 lead to a decline　 while we keep a rational distance from it 3．三仿句式丰富多样 (7)用which非限制性定语从句合并句(2)和(3) I totally agree that AI, ______________________________________________ ____________________brings us efficiency and convenience. (8)用状语从句省略结构改写句(6) We should hug AI ___________________________________． which can help handle complex tasks and provide personalized services　 while keeping a rational distance from it 4．四仿教材连句成篇(适当增加连接词和过渡词) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hug AI or Stay away from it In the age of rapid technological development, AI has become an inseparable part of our lives. However, some parents and teachers are concerned that it may bring some negative impacts on school education. First of all, I totally agree that AI, which can help handle complex tasks and provide personalized services, brings us efficiency and convenience. For instance, language-learning apps with AI help us work better. However, we shouldn't rely on it blindly. Over-dependence may lead to a decline in human thinking ability. In my view, we should hug AI while keeping a rational distance from it. 返回 课时测评 返回 Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．I always choose a reusable _________ (容器)for my lunch to help reduce waste. 2．__________(每年), my family plants trees in our local park to help the environment. 3．The ________ (大多数)of people in my neighborhood recycle their plastic bottles. 4．We should try to minimize our _________ (包装材料)when we buy food at the store. 5．A high __________ (百分比)of energy in my home comes from renewable sources. container　 Annually　 majority　 packaging　 percentage 6．When the heavy rain came, the river o_________ and affected nearby homes. 7．The new signs are i_________ where to put different types of waste. 8．A great many r________ participate in the community cleanup every month. 9．People's a________ towards recycling have improved over the years. 10．The mayor paid an o_______ visit to the local recycling center to learn more about reducing waste. verflowed　 ndicating esidents　 ttitudes　 fficial Ⅱ.根据提示翻译句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分) 1．上周末，我参加了一个社区清洁活动，以帮助保护环境。(take part in) Last weekend, I ______________________________ to help the environment. 2．我们可以通过购物时使用可重复使用的袋子来减少塑料的使用。(cut back on) We can ______________________________________ when we go shopping. 3．我们家里的大部分能源来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源。(majority) ______________________________ comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. took part in a community clean-up cut back on plastic by using reusable bags A majority of our energy at home 4．综上所述，回收有助于减少浪费，保护我们的地球。(to sum up) ______________________________________________________ 5．尽管这可能是具有挑战性的，但许多人为了更环保的饮食而尝试少吃肉。(even though) ______________________________many people try to eat less meat for a greener diet. To sum up, recycling helps reduce waste and protect our planet. Even though it can be challenging Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·河南部分重点中学高一联考) Tulane University students Franziska Trautmann and Max Steitz were sharing their disappointment about having no glass recycling in New Orleans. They wanted to create a system that would recycle glass into something useful. With that, their grassroots glass recycling organisation, Glass Half Full, was born. In a period of a global sand shortage, Glass Half Full is creating a sustainable alternative to sand extraction(开采) techniques like digging and mining, which disturb ecosystems, damage coastlines, and cost millions of dollars. Louisiana, where the organisation is based, loses on average a football field of coastal wetlands an hour.Glass Half Full creates sand that, among other things, is used to rebuild coastlines and prevent floods. Glass and drink bottles are collected through a system of free drop-off collecting stations and roadside pickup.The glass is pulverised(粉碎), separated and recollected for use in varieties of projects.The sand and glass pieces are used for disaster prevention, coastal restoration, eco-construction, and new glass products. Founders Trautmann and Steitz also hope their project will make people think that they have the power to work to protect the environment as individuals and as a community.Trautmann said, “We always hear, ‘Oh, we can't do anything about global warming.We can't do anything about the environment. It's all the big companies and the government.It's up to them.’ But when you collect glass over one year, you will know individuals can do something.All those little things add up to something much bigger.” Glass Half Full's work is supported by a team of volunteers and crowdfunding efforts, making it truly a community effort.A successful one, too— in their very first year, they helped to recycle over 650，000 pounds of glass. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杜兰大学的学生特劳特曼和施泰茨建立了一个基层玻璃回收组织以保护环境的情况。 1．What is the idea behind Glass Half Full? A．Selling more recyclable glass. B．Recycling glass into something useful. C．Founding a grassroots organisation. D．Raising money to protect the environment. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，杜兰大学的学生特劳特曼和施泰茨在分享他们对新奥尔良没有玻璃回收服务的失望。他们想要创造一个系统，将玻璃回收成有用的东西。因此，“玻璃半满”背后的想法是将玻璃回收成有用的东西。故选B项。 2．What does the underlined word“disturb” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Improve. B．Punish. C．Break. D．Repair. 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词所在句的内容可知，在全球沙子短缺的时期，“玻璃半满”正在创造一种可持续发展的方法，以替代挖沙和采矿等采砂技术，挖沙和采矿会破坏海岸线，耗资数百万美元。因此这里都在说挖沙和采矿的缺点，即“破坏”生态系统。故选C项。 √ 3．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The result of glass recycling. B．The reason for glass recycling. C．The future of glass recycling. D．The way of glass recycling. √ 段落大意题。第三段开头提到了玻璃瓶和饮料瓶通过免费收集站和路边拾取系统收集；紧接着又介绍了玻璃被粉碎、分离和回收用于各种工程及沙子和玻璃碎屑的用途。因此，本段主要讲的是玻璃回收的方式。故选D项。 4．What can be drawn from Trautmann's words? A．Individuals can make a difference. B．Global warming affects governments. C．Big companies can deal with global warming. D．We can do nothing about environmental protection. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段特劳特曼的话“但当你收集玻璃超过一年，你就会知道个人是可以做一些事情的。所有这些小事积少成多，会产生更大的影响”可知，在环境保护方面，个人也可以有所作为。故选A项。 √ B (2024·福建三明高一期末) As one of the driest deserts on Earth, the Atacama Desert is a bucket list destination for star-observing tourists who come for some of the clearest views of the night sky.As its rocky landscape is much like Mars, the desert has even attracted the attention of NASA, which has tested rovers there. But the Atacama has also got attention as one of the world's fast-growing dumps(垃圾场) of used clothes, thanks to the rapid mass production of inexpensive clothing known as fast fashion.The phenomenon has created so much waste that the UN calls it“an environmental and social emergency”. The challenge is turning off that tap. The numbers tell the tale.Between 2000 and 2014, clothing production doubled and people began buying 60% more clothes and wearing them for half as long as they once did.Three-fifths of all clothing is estimated to end up in landfills within a year of production— that translates to a truckload of used clothing dumped or burned every second.Most of the facilities are in South Asia or Africa, where the nations receiving those loads cannot handle the amount.The scene in northern Chile has been called“the great fashion garbage patch”．Hills of used clothes, with labels from all over the world, stretch as far as the eye can see on the outskirts of Alto Hospicio, a city of 120，000 residents. New efforts, large and small, are under way to deal with clothing waste.In 2018, Franklin Zepeda founded a company that produces building-insulation panels(建筑隔热板) from the waste.“I was inspired by the idea that there was a great deal of waste that could perfectly be changed into raw materials to make new products, reducing the amount of clothes in our desert，” he says. These are small but crucial(关键性的) steps.The most promising solution— and one that can solve the problem in a wider range— lies in the hands of the Chilean government. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了阿塔卡马沙漠成为世界上快速发展的旧衣服堆积地之一的困境并提到解决这一问题的措施。 5．What attracts the star-observing tourists to the Atacama? A．The clear night sky. B．The rocky landscape. C．The driest desert. D．Mars-like scenery. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As one of the driest deserts on Earth, the Atacama Desert is a bucket list destination for star-observing tourists who come for some of the clearest views of the night sky.”可知，阿塔卡马沙漠晴朗的夜空吸引了观星游客。故选A项。 6．What can be inferred about Franklin Zepeda's company? A．It is expert in producing panels. B．It changes waste into raw materials. C．It makes the desert into a tourist attraction. D．It makes full use of the waste in the desert. 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，该公司利用垃圾生产建筑隔热板，从而减少了沙漠中的旧衣服数量。由此推知，它充分利用了沙漠中的废物。故选D项。 √ 7．What will probably be talked about next? A．Promising future of Chile. B．Support from other governments. C．The Chilean government's measures. D．Similar problems in other countries. √ 推理判断题。最后一段提到，最有希望的解决方案——也是一个可以在更大范围内解决问题的方案——掌握在智利政府手中，由此可推断，下文可能会谈论智利政府的措施。故选C项。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．A Bucket List Destination B．Fashion Waste in Atacama C．NASA's Attention to Atacama D．Efforts to Deal With Fast Fashion 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了有着最晴朗夜空的阿塔卡马沙漠由于快时尚垃圾而成为世界上快速发展的旧衣服堆积地之一，下文介绍了为解决这一问题所作的努力。故B项(阿塔卡马的时尚垃圾)最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的最佳标题。 √ Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2024·浙江杭州高一期末) The Palace Museum is becoming waste-free as the number of trash bins has been reduced to 110 sets in areas open to the public.This is 1.____ decrease from 310 sets recorded in January 2020, 2.______ a zero-waste campaign was launched, said the museum.While 3.____________ ( protect) features of the six-century-old historical relic, the action also helps visitors get into the habit of creating less waste, said the museum. a when protecting 　　According to China News，so far, four types of trash bins 4.___________ __________(equip)following Beijing‘s regulations on the 5._____________　(manage) of household waste.Cleaning staff also check them to make sure all rubbish is 6.__________(correct) sorted, which is transported later to different destinations for disposal (处理).The museum also recycled more than 32，000 plastic bottles 7.________ (make) cultural and creative products, meaning carbon emission (碳排放) has been reduced 8.___ as many as 931 kilogrammes.　By launching the campaign, the Palace Museum is taking a careful, science-based way to waste.The target is to minimise the production of waste that needs to be buried or burned 9.____ bring the amount of such waste as close to zero as possible. have been management correctly equipped to make by and Up to now, about 3，000 museum staff members, 40，000 tourist 10._______ (guide), and 21 million visitors have participated in the campaign. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了故宫博物院发起的“故宫零废弃”行动的相关情况和取得的成效。 guides 1．答案：a 2．答案：when 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 January 2020，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词 when引导该从句。 decrease 意为“减少”，可作可数名词，此处表示泛指，且decrease的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 3．答案：protecting 4．答案：have been equipped 设空处应用非谓语形式， protect 与其逻辑主语 the action之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填protecting。 设空处在句中作谓语，与主语 four types of trash bins 之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语 so far，应用现在完成时的被动语态；又因主语是复数名词，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填 have been equipped。 5．答案：management 6．答案：correctly 设空处作介词 on 的宾语，其前有定冠词 the修饰，应用名词 management，意为“管理”，为不可数名词。故填 management。 设空处修饰动词 sorted，作状语，应用副词。故填correctly。 7．答案：to make 8．答案：by 根据句意可知，cultural and creative products 是recycled more than 32，000 plastic bottles 的目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填 to make。 reduce sth by...是固定搭配，意为“将某物减少了……”。故填by。 9．答案：and 10．答案：guides 根据句意可知， minimise the production of waste...和 bring the amount of such waste as close to zero as...表示目标的内容，两者之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 tourist guide意为“导游”， guide为可数名词，其前有数词“40，000”修饰，应用复数形式。故填 guides。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 返回 $