Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Extended reading&Project&Assessment-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件围绕“科学的价值”主题，以费曼演讲文本为核心，涵盖词汇拓展、语法解构、语篇理解等模块。通过“科学是否包含罪恶”的问题导入，引导学生从预习感知到词汇语法分析，再到语篇深层解读，搭建循序渐进的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过“科学价值三方面”语篇分析提升文本解读能力，结合难句解构（如it作形式宾语、倒装句）和词汇精研（如involve、credit用法）培养逻辑思维。课时精练含多样题型，助力学生巩固知识，教师可借助系统资源提升教学效率。

Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment 内容索引 整体预习 1 语篇理解 2 课时精练 5 夯实双基 3 互动探究 4 整体预习 返回 原文呈现 The Value of Science When I was younger，I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously① useful；it was good. But then during the war I worked on② the atomic③ bomb④. This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented⑤the destruction⑥of people and it put our future at risk⑦. I had to ask myself，“Is there some evil⑧ involved⑨ in science？” ① obviously adv.明显地 ② work on 从事于 ③ atomic adj.原子能的；原子的 ④bomb n．炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸 ⑤represent v．代表；为……代言(辩护) ⑥destruction n．毁灭，摧毁 ⑦put... at risk 把……置于危险境地 ⑧evil n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 ⑨involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 名师圈点 Put another way，【1】 what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to —the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do？【2】 It was a question I had to answer. I thought long and hard about this question，and I will try to answer it in this talk. 【1】put another way为过去分词短语作状语，意为“用另一种方式来表述”。put在此意为“表述，陈述”。 【2】I had long devoted myself to为定语从句，修饰先行词the science，省略了引导词that或which；破折号之间的内容用于解释说明，其中I had loved是定语从句，修饰先行词the thing；when引导时间状语从句，其中what引导宾语从句，作saw的宾语。 原文呈现 原文呈现 The first way in which science is of value is familiar to⑩ everyone: scientific, knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of -science；it is also to the credit of ⑩be familiar to 对……来说是熟悉的 ,scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 -credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 to the credit of 给……带来荣耀 名师圈点 原文呈现 the moral. choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply/ it. Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated0 by what one does with it．【3】 【3】even though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；what引导宾语从句，作介词by的宾语。 .moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意 /apply vt. & vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 0negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定 名师圈点 原文呈现 Another value of science is the intellectual1 enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery2 coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper， more wonderful mystery， inspiring one to look deeper still． 【4】 【4】画线部分是完全倒装句。介词短语with more knowledge置于句首引起的句子倒装，将谓语动词comes提至主语a deeper，more wonderful mystery前；inspiring one to look deeper still为动词-ing形式作状语。 1intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分 子，脑力劳动者 2mystery n．神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 名师圈点 原文呈现 Never concerned that the answer may let us down3，【5】 with pleasure and confidence we turn over4 each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. Thanks to the scientific effort，we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. 【5】Never concerned that... down为形容词短语作状语，其中that 引导宾语从句。 3let sb. down 使某人失望 4turn over 掀起，翻开 名师圈点 原文呈现 I would now like to turn to5 a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance6 and doubt and uncertainty，and this experience is of very great importance. When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem，he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to7 what the result is，he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be，he is still in some doubt. 5turn to 转向；求助于 6ignorance n．无知 7as to 关于，至于 名师圈点 原文呈现 Now，we scientists take it for granted8 that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．【6】 But our freedom9 to doubt 【7】was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority: in the early days of science. In order to progress，we must not forget the importance of this struggle；we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit; us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 【6】句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。 【7】动词不定式to doubt作定语，修饰名词freedom。 8take it for granted想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 9freedom n．自由 :authority n．权威，权力；官方 ;permit vt. & vi.允许，准许，许 可；使有可能 n．许可证 名师圈点 原文呈现 It is our responsibility<as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare= the value of this freedom；to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed；and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations．【8】 【8】画线部分是主从复合句。句中it作形式主语，三个并列的动词不定式短语to declare ... freedom；to teach... discussed；and to demand ... generations作真正的主语，其中how引导宾语从句。knowing the great progress... thought为动词-ing形式作状语，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the great progress。 <responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务 =declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 名师圈点 (Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman，an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965) 原文呈现 译文参考 科学的价值 在我还很年轻的时候，我以为科学会给每个人都带来好处。科学显然是有用的；有好的一面。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。这个科学的成果又明摆着有很大危险性——它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。我不得不扪心自问：“科学之中是不是也包含罪恶？” 换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？这是一个我不得不回答的问题。关于这个问题，我苦思冥想了很久，我将试着在这次演讲中给出解答。 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。当然，如果我们做了好事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是该如何运用，它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用它所做的事否定。 科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足够深入地探究某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。我们从不担心答案会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。 现在，我要说到科学的第三种价值。科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定，而这种经历非常重要。当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。 如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。 返回 作为科学家我们深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果，我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值；我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨；我们更有责任强烈要求拥有这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (改编自1965年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、 美国科学家理查德·费曼的公开演讲) 语篇理解 返回 一、整体理解 1．What’s the main idea of the passage？ A．It tells us science is of great value in our lives. B．It tells us science only makes good things for people. C．It tells us science represents the destruction of people and often puts us at risk. D．It tells us science can’t be measured by being good or evil. √ 2．Match the paragraphs with the main ideas. (1)Paras. 1－2______ (2)Para. 3______ (3)Para. 4______ (4)Paras. 5－6______ (5)Para. 7______ A．Freedom of doubt makes science progress. B．Introduce the topic of the values of science. C．The intellectual pleasure science provides. D．We do and make varieties of things inspired by science. E．The responsibility of scientists. B D C A E √ 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Which value of science is not mentioned in the passage？ A．Scientific knowledge enables us to invent something. B．Science can provide people with intellectual enjoyment. C．Science can make people feel ignorant，doubtful and uncertain about something. D．Science makes people form a habit of thinking freely and effectively. √ 2．According to the passage，what’s the scientists’ responsibility？ A．Declaring the value of the freedom of thought. B．Teaching that doubt isn’t to be feared but to be welcomed. C．Knowing the progress is the fruit of freedom of thought. D．Ensuring the freedom of thought is for all coming generations. 三、难句解构 1．Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. 句式分析　本句是主从复合句。第一个分句中if引导__________从句；第二个分句中which引导的______从句，修饰先行词choice。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _____________________ 条件状语 定语 当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。 2．Never concerned that the answer may let us down，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 句式分析　本句是主从复合句。句中Never concerned that...down为形容词短语作______，其中that引导______从句；leading on...为动词-ing形式作定语，修饰strangeness。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 状语 宾语 我们从不担心答案会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。 返回 3．It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom；to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed；and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 句式分析　本句是主从复合句。句中it作形式主语，后面的三个动词不定式短语作真正的主语。其中knowing the great progress为动词-ing形式作状语，其后that引导______从句，修饰先行词progress; how引导______从句，作to teach的宾语。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 定语 宾语 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕怀疑，而要欢迎怀疑、讨论怀疑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 夯实双基 返回 核心单词 1．be ________ with 　　　　 被认为 2．different ___________ 不同民族 3．_______ its independence 宣告独立 4．______ for the job 申请这个工作 5．Chinese _________ 中式婚礼 credited nationalities declare apply marriage 拓展单词 1．_______ vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 →involved adj. 参与其中的；有关联的 →involvement n. 参与；投入 2．_______ n．科学 →scientific adj.科学的；关于科学的；细致严谨的 → scientist n．科学家 3．______ adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的，n. 品行，道德；寓意 →morally adv.道义上地 involve science moral 4．__________ n. 无知 →ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬 →ignorant adj. 无知的 5．_____ adj.自由的；免费的；空闲的 →freedom n．自由 →freely adv.自由地，无拘无束地 6．_____________ n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 →responsible adj. 负责的 →irresponsible adj. 不负责的 7．________ vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 →declaration n. 宣告；公告 ignorance free responsibility declare 重点短语 第一组　汉译英 1．卷入，涉及，参与　　 ______________ 2．使某人失望 ____________ 3．关于，至于 ____________ 4．想当然地认为；认为……是理所当然的 ________________ 5．提出，提议；建议 ____________ (be) involved in let sb. down as to take it for granted put forward 第二组　英译汉 6．by accident　　　　　　　 _____________ 7．with a bang _____________________________ 8．make up one’s mind (to do sth.) _________________ 9．far from the truth ____________ 10．put one’s future at risk _____________________ 11．put another way ____________ 12．devote oneself to (doing) sth. _______________ 偶然，意外地 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 下定决心(做某事) 绝非真实 置某人前途于危险之中 换句话说 致力于(做)某事 典型句式 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．倒装句 ______________________________________________________(随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘)，inspiring one to look deeper still. 2．“take it for granted that”句型 Now，we ____________________________(科学家理所当然地认为) it is perfectly possible to live and not know. With more knowledge comes a deeper，more wonderful mystery scientists take it for granted that 返回 互动探究 返回 involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 (教材原句)　I had to ask myself，“Is there some evil involved in science？” 我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？” 核心词汇精研 1 (1)involve sb. in (doing)sth. (使)某人参与(做)某事 (2)involved adj. 参与的；涉及的 be involved in 包含在……；与……有关；被卷入； 专心地(做) be involved with　　 涉及 become involved in 卷入，陷入 get involved with 给……缠住 佳句背诵　I seem to have involved myself in something I don’t understand. 我似乎已经将自己卷入了我不了解的事情当中。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①There was a serious incident _________ (involve) a group of youths. ②There was a lot of work ________(involve)in setting up the festival. ③Parents should involve themselves _____ their children’s education. 能力提升——微写作 ④这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？ How many vehicles _______________________？ involving involved in were involved in the crash credit n．赞扬，认可；信用vt.存入金额；把……归于 (教材原句)Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science；it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。 give sb. credit for ...　 因为……而称赞某人 do sb. credit 使某人值得赞扬 to sb.’s credit 使值得赞扬 buy sth. on credit 赊购 佳句背诵　To his credit，Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened. 值得赞扬的是，杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶。 2 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Let’s give him credit ____ the success of the project. ②The bank refused further credit ____ the company. 能力提升——微写作 ③按时支付电费账单很重要，因为逾期支付可能会影响你的信用。 It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，_______________________ ___________ . for to as late payment may affect your credit apply vt. & vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 (教材原句)Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. 科学知识赋予我们做好事或者坏事的能力，但它没有指导如何应用它。 3 (1) apply sth. to...　　 把某物应用于…… be applied to... 被应用于…… apply... to... 把……涂到……上 apply (to sb.) for... (向某人)申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply to sb./sth. 适用于…… (2)application n. 申请，申请表；应用 applicant n. 申请人 applied adj. 应用的，实用的 佳句背诵　Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. 我决定把我先前的经验应用到学习如何读和写上。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Before you travel to foreign country，you should apply _____ a passport. ②We plan to apply what we would learn in class _____ our lives. ③I was chosen from hundreds of __________ (apply) to attend the opening ceremony. 能力提升——微写作 ④这项新技术已被应用于农业，有助于提高农业生产。 The new technology ________________________， which helps increase agricultural production. for to applicants has been applied to farming 语境串记　Any applicant who would like to apply to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before May 10，2023. 任何申请人想要申请成为我公司的助手，应当在2023年5月10日之前发送申请表。 permit vt. & vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能n.许可证 (教材原句)Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 允许我们质疑、怀疑、不确定。 (1)permit sb. to do sth.　 允许某人做某事 permit (doing)sth. 允许(做)某事 (2)permission n. 允许；许可；同意 ask sb. for permission＝ask permission from sb. 请求某人许可 with/without (one’s)permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许 佳句背诵　No one is permitted to go into the building at present. 现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。 4 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The rules of the club don’t permit _________(smoke). ②The party will be held in the garden，weather __________(permit). ③You are not allowed to camp here without __________(permit). 能力提升——微写作 ④如果天气允许，午饭时尽量出去散散步。 Try to go out for a walk at lunchtime，____________________. 语境串记　Strangers are not permitted to enter the school during the lockdown periods without the president’s permission. 陌生人在学校封闭期间没有校长许可不允许进入学校。 smoking permitting permission if the weather permits responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务 (教材原句)It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom... 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值…… (1)a sense of responsibility　　 责任感 take/have/bear/shoulder responsibility for... 对……负责 take on responsibilities 承担责任 It’s one’s responsibility to do sth. 某人有责任做某事 (2)responsible adj. 负责任的，对……负责的 be responsible for... 对……负责 5 佳句背诵　No one admitted responsibility for the attacks. 没有人对这些袭击负责。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①You have _____________(responsible)for clearing up the classroom after class. ②It is their responsibility _________(ensure)that the rules are carried out. ③He takes the view that children are responsible _____ their own actions. 能力提升——微写作 ④儿童时期的活动有助于培养孩子的责任感。 Childhood activities help a child ____________________________． 语境串记　We’ll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions. 我们要为你的安全负责，你需要为你的行为负责。 responsibility to ensure for develop a sense of responsibility declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 (1)declare war on...　　　　 (向……)宣战 declare for/against... 声明支持/反对…… declare sb./sth. (to be)＋名词/形容词 宣布某人/某物为…… declare＋sth./＋that从句 宣布…… (2)declaration n. 宣告，宣布 佳句背诵　It was declared that the plane would not take off due to the bad weather. 广播说因为糟糕天气，这架飞机不会起飞。 6 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. ②It was meant to sound like an epoch-making ___________(declare). 能力提升——微写作 ③当主席正准备宣布大会开幕时，这时突然停电了。 The chairman was about to ______________________ when there was a power failure. declared declaration declare the meeting open it作形式宾语 (教材原句)Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 重点句型解构 it作形式宾语，真正宾语为动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等，且在it后面有宾语补足语，即：动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正宾语。 (1)动词 (make/feel/find/consider/think等)＋it＋形容词或名词＋动词不定式 (2)动词＋介词＋it＋that从句 (3)动词＋it＋从句 能用于此结构的常见的动词有enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等。 佳句背诵　Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us. 我们有些人总是想当然地认为父母和爷爷奶奶就应该照顾我们。 名师点津　take... for granted 后接that从句作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，构成“take it for granted that... ”结构。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Human beings took ____ for granted that their brains held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better guide. ②What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital __________(observe) the traffic rules. ③We have come to take it for granted _____ we can’t live without cellphones. 能力提升——微写作 ④对于受邀来这演讲我感到很荣幸。 I felt ______________________ to make a speech here. it to observe that it an honour to be invited 随堂演练 维度一　单词拼写 1．The student union is run independently of college __________(官方). 2．After the floods，the whole region was ________(宣告) a disaster area. 3．Those people’s __________(无知) led them into a serious mistake. 4．The death of the shopkeeper still remains a ________(神秘事件). 5．It’s used to ________(否定) a statement of fact. authorities declared ignorance mystery negate 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Deeply ________(involve) in his book，he didn’t hear my knock. 2．____ the credit of the students，I thought they responded well. 3．He also said the move was necessary and the ________(moral) correct thing to do. 4．The findings of the court will ____________ (publish) on Wednesday. 5．A lot of ____________(apply) have been filed with the department. involved To morally be published applications 维度三　完成句子 1．我们尽力把这项任务做好，因为我们不想让他失望。 We’ll try our best to do the task well，because we _____________________ ______ . 2．我只是想当然地认为他总是在身边。 I ________________________ he’d always be around. 3．我想提出三点建议以解决交通拥堵问题。 I’d like to __________________________ to solve the problem of traffic jam. don’t want to let him just took it for granted that put forward three suggestions 返回 down 课时精练 返回 维度一　 根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式 1．The city was heavily ________(轰炸) in the war. 2．Alcohol ________(使失效) the effects of the drug. 3．Children often behave badly out of __________ (无知). 4．It is one of the great unsolved __________ (神秘的事物) of this century. 5．The ________(结婚) ceremony took place in the church. 6．Red is believed to keep misfortune and _____(恶毒的) spirits away. 基础达标 bombed negates ignorance mysteries marriage evil 7．High levels of lead could damage the ___________(脑力的) development of children. 8．A policeman has the __________(权力) to arrest lawbreakers. 9．The volunteers aim to help victims of disaster regardless of their race or n_________. 10．In the course of e________， some birds have lost the power of flight. intellectual authority ationality volution 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．Sometimes we’re let ______， but more often we’re lifted up. 2．I think that he is certainly putting an ambitious plan ________ . 3．Governments took ____ for granted that managing economic demand was their responsibility. 4．Unfortunately we are in complete __________(ignore) of his plans. down forward it ignorance 维度三　完成句子 1．由于在日常烹调中使用草药，那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹多活了10年。(survive sb. by) The old lady has __________________________________ten years for using herbs in daily cookery. 2．他已下定决心要他的儿子管理作坊。(intend sb. to do sth.) He has made up his mind to _______________ manage the workshop. survived all her sisters and brothers by intend his son to 3．如果你想做关于电现象的实验，你想用什么材料呢？(experiment with) ___________________________________，what materials would you use？ 4．他很可能会在下周的演讲中出现。(Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.) ___________________ in the lecture next week. 5．直到那时，我才意识到他们的婚姻正在破裂，因为他们没有什么共同之处。(It was not until...that...) _____________________ I realized their marriage was breaking up because they had little in common. If you want to experiment with electricity He is likely to appear It was not until then that 维度四　课文语法填空 What is the value of science？ The first value is that scientific knowledge enables us 1．______(do) and make all kinds of things.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—2．_____ it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.Such power 3．_____ (have) obvious value. Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us 4．______. Thanks to the scientific effort，we have been led to imagine all 5．______(sort) of things which are more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.Let’s turn to a 6．_____(three) value that science has.The scientist has a lot of experience with to do but has with sorts third 7．__________(ignorant) and doubt and uncertainty，and this experience is 8．________(great) important.Scientists take it for granted that 9．____ is perfectly possible to live and not know. 10．_________(know) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，we as scientists have the responsibility to declare the value of this freedom. ignorance greatly it Knowing 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 If Mars were the popular kid in school，Venus (金星)would be the unwelcome one sitting in the corner，largely ignored. Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth，but being closer to the sun，it gets nearly twice as much heat from the sun. However，instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth’s，Venus’s surface and atmosphere are unbearable: clouds of sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet，while at ground level，it is hot enough to melt lead. Despite this，there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life. Jane Greaves at Cardiff University，UK，and her colleagues recently detected phosphine (磷化氢)in Venus’s atmosphere，with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology. That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes (微生物). Though this doesn’t mean it was produced by life on Venus，attempts to find non-biological explanations for its presence have so far failed. Our best way of confirming or rejecting the possibility of life on Venus is to go and have a proper look. While Mars has been the focus of interplanetary exploration efforts lately，the phosphine discovery lets people look at Venus in a new light. As NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted: “It’s time to prioritize Venus.” In the months and years to come，computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However，there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so，we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine. The discovery of phosphine in Venus’s atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly，the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着磷化氢被发现在金星，科学家们相信金星上可能孕育着生命。 1．Which description about Venus is not true？ A．It is almost as large as Earth. B．It has nearly the same mass as Earth. C．It has a warmer Earth-like climate. D．It has the unbearable surface and atmosphere. 细节理解题。根据第二段“However，instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth’s，Venus’s surface and atmosphere are unbearable... ”由此可知，C选项“金星有像地球一样温暖的气候”错误。故选C项。 √ 2．What can the discovery of phosphine on Venus indicate？ A．This kind of gas is very common. B．There might exist signs of life. C．Many products can be made with it. D．Experiments were once conducted there. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite this，there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life.”和第三段“... phosphine (磷化氢) in Venus’s atmosphere，with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology.”由此可知，磷化氢的发现表明金星上可能有生命的迹象。故选B项。 √ 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about？ A．The approaches to exploring phosphine. B．The importance of observations. C．The power of computer simulations. D．The necessity to analyse phosphine. 段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段主要是关于探索磷化氢的方法。故选A项。 √ 4．Which can best describe the author’s attitude to the exploration of Venus？ A．Casual. B．Cautious. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 观点态度题。根据最后一段“The discovery of phosphine in Venus’s atmosphere is a great accomplishment... get the last laugh.”由此判断出，作者对于探索金星持支持的态度。故选C项。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空 Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century，but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician. He once said that if he hadn’t been a scientist，he would have been a　1　. “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me，” he said. “I get most　2　 in life out of music.” Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist who　3　 music to the family life. Einstein began to learn to play the　4　 at the age of six. He worked hard until he　5　 the joys of Mozart’s sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13. From that　6　 on，although he had no further lessons，his violin　7　 his companion. When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling，he seemed to have　8　 much of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday，Einstein played at the music　9　 in the school，and the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in the　10　 felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”. In addition to his great 　11　 in playing the violin，he also played the piano and，　12　， loved to improvise (即兴创作). Late in life，Einstein’s reputation as a physicist often led to　13　 to perform at benefit concerts，which he generally accepted happily. Probably the 　14　 that comes nearest to Einstein comes from his friend Janos Plesch，who wrote “There are many musicians with much　15　 technique，but none，I believe，who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了科学家爱因斯坦还是一名有天赋的音乐家，讲述他对音乐的热爱以及音乐技巧的高超。 1．A．physician B．musician C．politician D．reporter 2．A．joy B．money C．idea D．energy 根据上文“Life without playing music is unthinkable for me”可推断，音乐是爱因斯坦生活中最大的乐趣，故选A项。 √ √ 根据上文“Einstein was not only the... gifted and enthusiastic musician.”可知，本空应该是音乐家，故选B项。 3．A．played B．sent C．created D．brought 4．A．violin B．piano C．knowledge D．game 根据下文“although he had no further lessons，his violin ____ his companion”可知，本句中应是小提琴，故选A项。 √ √ 根据上文“Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist”可知，是爱因斯坦的母亲把音乐带到了家庭生活中，故选D项。 5．A．loved B．tracked C．discovered D．confirmed 6．A．location B．space C．access D．point 根据上文“until he____the joys of Mozart’s sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13”可知，从那个时候起，小提琴一直陪伴着他，故选D项。 √ √ 音乐是他生活中最大的乐趣，所以发现乐趣符合语境，故选C项。 7．A．turned B．remained C．appeared D．seemed 8．A．devoted B．spent C．lost D．wasted 根据下文“much of his time to music”可知，此处指把时间用于音乐，devote... to... 意为“把……奉献给……”，符合语境，故选A项。 √ √ 根据上文“although he had no further lessons”可知，上下文是转折关系，所以是他的小提琴一直陪伴着他，故选B项。 9．A．performance B．presentation C．exhibition D．examination 10．A．hardly B．deeply C．carelessly D．honestly 根据文章末尾“who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling”可知，此处指表演得非常出色，感人至深，故选B项。 √ √ 根据下文“the examiner”可知，应该是音乐考试，故选D项。 11．A．skill B．patience C．care D．courage 12．A．after all B．in particular C．at large D．by accident 根据上文“In addition to his great____in playing the violin，he also played the piano”可知，本句是在赞扬爱因斯坦的音乐天赋，“尤其”更符合语境，故选B项。 √ √ 根据上文“a student called Einstein shone in the ____ felt performance”可知，本句是在赞扬爱因斯坦的音乐技巧，故选A项。 13．A．contributions B．applications C．invitations D．prizes 14．A．reaction B．destination C．summary D．instruction 根据下文“There are many musicians with... sincerity or deeper feeling.”可知，此处是对爱因斯坦音乐才能的总结，故选C项。 √ √ 根据下文“perform at benefit concerts”可知，此处指受邀请去演奏，故选C项。 15．A．broader B．funnier C．wilder D．better √ 这里对比爱因斯坦和其他音乐家的技巧，并且前后是转折关系，所以应该是“更好的”，故选D项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 When the action movie Wolf WarriorⅡbroke China’s box-office record in 2017，a less prominent (显眼的) figure unexpectedly left a strong 1．___________ (impress)on the audience—a military (军事的) scientist 2．______ (call) Dr. Chen who developed a vaccine (疫苗) for a deadly virus spreading across Africa. In 2015，a real military scientist Dr. Chen Wei 3．________ (send) from China to Africa to fight against the deadly Ebola. The only difference between the two figures is 4．_____ the real Dr. Chen is “she”. impression called was sent that When SARS broke out in China in 2003，Dr. Chen and her team isolated the virus and identified the cause of the disease without delay. 5．________ (luck)，the efforts devoted by them had prevented about 14，000 front-line medical workers 6．______ getting infected. After SARS，the forward-looking woman shifted her attention to Ebola 7．__________ claimed (夺去) over 10，000 lives worldwide. In 2015，she and her team went to Sierra Leone and started their second phase of clinical experiments. After countless trials and errors，her vaccine has proven safe and effective，and been widely administered (供给) to staff assigned to help people in Africa. Luckily from which/that From SARS and Ebola to COVID-19，Dr. Chen has spent much of her time 8．________ (fight) against life-threatening viruses. “We do not have any other choices but 9．_______ (win)，” she said. And she made 10．___. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国杰出的军事女科学家陈薇博士的事迹。 fighting to win it 1．答案：impression　 2．答案：called　 考查非谓语动词。a military scientist和call之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 考查词性转换。不定冠词a后应用名词形式，leave a strong impression on sb.“给某人留下很深的印象”。故填impression。 3．答案：was sent　 4．答案：that　 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少任何成分且句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语In 2015可知此处应用一般过去时；Dr. Chen Wei 和send之间是被动关系，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，又主语为单数。故填was sent。 5．答案：Luckily　 6．答案：from　 考查介词。prevent sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”。故填from。 考查词性转换。设空处修饰整个句子，应该用副词形式，由句意可知此处表示“幸运的是”，故填Luckily。 7．答案：which/that　 8．答案：fighting　 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故填fighting。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“____ claimed over 10，000 lives worldwide”是定语从句，先行词是Ebola，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。 9．答案：to win　 10．答案：it　 考查代词。make it意为“获得成功”，符合语境。故填it。 考查非谓语动词。have no choice but to do意为“除了做……之外别无选择”，故填to win。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回 $