Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading&Project&Assessment-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件围绕“自然灾害”主题，以《The Last Days of Pompeii》为核心文本，系统涵盖词汇（如eruption, distance）、语法（动词-ing作定语、倒装句等）及语篇分析，通过“整体预习”的单词注释、语法说明搭建学习支架，衔接基础与拓展内容。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质，如“文化采风”介绍庞贝城历史增强跨文化认知，“语篇理解”的难句解构提升分析能力，“互动探究”的词汇精研强化语言运用。学生能在真实语境中提升综合语言能力，教师可借助结构化练习高效开展教学。

Unit 2　Natural disasters Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment 内容索引 整体预习 1 语篇理解 2 课时精练 5 夯实双基 3 互动探究 4 整体预习 返回 原文呈现 The Last Days of Pompeii Pompeii was a typical Roman① city. In its little shops，its tiny palaces，its forum②，its wine bars③ ，its theatre— in the energy and skill of its people，you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire. Trading ships bringing imports④ to the city or carrying exports⑤ overseas，【1】 along with golden pleasure 【1】画线部分bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas为并列的动词­-ing形式作定语，修饰ships。 ①Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的n.古罗马人；罗马人 ②forum n. (古罗马)公共集会场所；讨论会；(因特网上的)论 坛，讨论区；法院 ③bar n．酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏 杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 ④import n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入vt.进口，引进 ⑤export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出vt.出口，输出 名师圈点 原文呈现 boats for the rich，were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions⑥.Above all⑦，the cloud­-capped⑧ top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy⑨ rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！【2】 【2】画线部分为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词eruptions，其中what引导宾语从句。 ⑥in all directions四面八方 ⑦above all 首先；尤其是 ⑧cloud­-capped adj.高耸入云 的，耸入云霄的 ⑨ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 名师圈点 原文呈现 The awful⑩ night rolled slowly away，and the dawn, greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII！The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable- fear，a huge cloud shooting. from the top of the volcano./ It took the form of0 a huge tree：the trunk1，blackness，the branches，fire！This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment：now it was wildly bright，now of a pale and dying red，and now again it burnt with an unbearable2 light ! ⑩awful adj.让人讨厌的，糟糕的；可怕的 ,dawn n．黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 -unspeakable adj.无法形容的；不能以言语表达的 .shoot v. (使)喷涌出， (使)喷射出 /volcano n．火山 0take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 1trunk n．树干 2unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 名师圈点 原文呈现 The cries of women broke out3；the men looked at each other，but were silent. At that moment，they felt the earth shaking beneath4 their feet；beyond5 in the distance6，they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later，the mountain-­cloud seemed to roll towards them，dark and rapid，like a river；at the same 3break out突然开始，爆发 4beneath prep.在……下 面，在下方；配不上 5beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超 出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 6distance n．遥远，久 远；距离；差异；疏远 in the distance 在远处 名师圈点 原文呈现 time， it threw out 7a shower of8 ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide9—with many a: noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower ！【3】 【3】本句是完全倒装句。地点状语置于句首引起倒装，将谓语动词fell提至主语that awful shower之前。 7throw out 扔掉；伸 出；说出；否决；突出 8shower n．阵雨，阵雪；(落下的东西)一大批，一阵 a shower of一阵 9far and wide到处，各处 :many a 许多(后跟单数可数名词) 名师圈点 原文呈现 Each turned to fly—each running，pressing，pushing against the other．【4】If，in the darkness，wife was separated from husband，or parent from child，there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully; on. So came the earthquake... and so ended life in Pompeii.【5】 【4】本句是独立主格结构。逻辑主语为each，逻辑谓语为动词-­ing形式running，pressing，pushing。 【5】本句是完全倒装句。so置于句首引起倒装，把谓语动词came置于主语the earthquake前；谓语动词ended置于主语life之前。 ;fearfully adv.害怕地；非常地 名师圈点 原文呈现 Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ；【6】not a single colour changed on the rich pattern< of its floors. In its forum，the half-­finished columns= seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii，the remains>of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short. 【6】as if painted yesterday为状语从句的省略结构。as if引导的从句主语和主句一致时，可以省略主语和助动词，只保留非谓语动词结构，此处是过去分词短语，表示被动意义。 <pattern n．图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 =column n．柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 >remains n．剩余 物，残留物；遗体，遗骸；古迹，遗迹 名师圈点 文化采风 庞贝城 (Pompeii)是亚平宁半岛西南角坎帕尼亚地区的一座古城，距罗马约240千米，位于意大利南部那不勒斯附近，维苏威火山东南脚下10千米处。庞贝城始建于公元前4世纪，公元79年毁于维苏威火山大爆发。但由于被火山灰掩埋，街道房屋保存比较完整。2015年5月，考古学家和科学家对千年前被掩埋在火山灰下的庞贝城居民化石进行修复。2016年6 月，庞贝城被评为世界十大古墓稀世珍宝之一。 名师圈点 译文参考 庞贝城的末日 庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市，这里的小商店、小宫殿、广场、酒吧、剧院，彰显着人们的精力和技巧，通过这些，你能看到整个罗马帝国的缩影。将进口货物带入城市或向海外出口货物的商船，与富人的黄金游船一起挤在码头光滑如镜的水面上；渔船飞快地驶向四面八方。这一切的上方是高耸入云的维苏威火山顶。灰色的岩石讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 可怕的黑夜慢慢消散，灰色的黎明笼罩着末日的庞贝城！大群的人抬头望去，带着无可名状的恐惧，看到火山的山顶喷发出一股巨云。它的形状像一棵大树：树干，黑色，树枝还有烈火！大火蔓延，每时每刻变换着颜色：时而极为明亮，时而呈衰弱状的淡红色，时而又散发出难以忍受的亮光！ 女人们嚎啕大哭；男人们面面相觑，但没有作声。那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；从另一边，远处，传来屋顶坍塌的声音。片刻之后，山上的黑云像河流一样，汹涌湍急，迅速向他们滚来；与此同时，它还释放出大量灰烬和大块燃烧的石头！可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了！熔岩落在拥挤的街道里、广场上，到处都是，一些落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响。 返回 每个人都转身飞奔起来——人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡。在黑暗中，如果妻子与丈夫分离，或者父母与孩子分离，就没有希望再见了。每个人都恐惧地盲目奔逃。接着，地震来了……庞贝城里的生命就此终结。 大约过了十七个世纪，人们将庞贝城从其安静的长眠之地挖掘了出来。它的墙壁很新，好像昨天被刷过一样；地板上丰富的图案没有一种颜色发生了变化。广场上半完工的圆柱好像工人刚经过手一样。大火和火山灰将庞贝城的人们吞噬，已经是很久以前的事了，而这座美丽的城市留下的遗迹却一直在提醒我们人类的生命是如此辉煌而短暂。 语篇理解 返回 √ 一、整体理解 1．The text mainly tells us ________ . A．the history of the city of Pompeii B．how the city of Pompeii was buried C．the development of the city of Pompeii D．why the city of Pompeii was buried 2．Match the paragraphs with the main ideas. (1)Para. 1________ (2)Para. 2________ (3)Para. 3________ (4)Para. 4________ (5)Para. 5________ A．Reaction and feelings of people. B．Eruption of Mount Vesuvius. C．Descriptions of Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius. D．Signs before the volcanic eruption. E．Rediscovery of the city. C D B A E 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．In which country was Pompeii located？ A．Greece. B．Roman. C．Peru. D．England. 2．What rhetoric (修辞)is used to describe the volcanic eruption？ A．Parallelism (排比). B．Personification (拟人). C．Simile (明喻). D．Exaggeration (夸张). √ √ 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ A．The City of Pompeii was a typical model of the whole Roman empire with little shops，tiny palaces，forum and theatre. B．During the volcanic eruption，all men and women cried with fear. C．It is almost seven centuries before the city of Pompeii was discovered again. D．The walls of Pompeii city were covered with ash and dirt long after being buried in the earth. √ 三、难句解构 1．Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 句式分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导______从句，修饰先行词past eruptions；what引导______从句，作warn的直接宾语。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ __________________________________________ 定语 宾语 火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 返回 2．Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii，the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short. 句式分析　本句为主从复合句。Long after fire and ash came...是_________从句；that引导______从句。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 时间状语 宾语 在大火和火山灰袭击庞贝人很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹得以留存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 夯实双基 返回 核心单词 1．________ question　　　　 毋庸置疑 2．________ from old age 告老 3．________ team 救援队 4．________ the fault 定位故障 5．________ learning 远程学习 6．________ raw materials 进口原料 beyond retire rescue locate distance import 拓展单词 1．_______ n．电，电力；能量；力量；能力；政权；权力；控制力 →powerful adj.有影响力的；强有力的 2．_______ vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) →donation n．捐赠，捐款 →donor n．捐赠者 3．______ vi. & vt.(火山)爆发，突然发生 →eruption n．喷发；(战争、怒气等的)爆发 power donate erupt 4．________ n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 →distant adj.遥远的；疏远的 →distantly adv.遥远地；有远亲关系地 5．_____ v．经得起；承受，容忍；携带；(车，船)运输，运送；写有，刻有 →bearable adj.可忍受的；支持得住的 →unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 6．_______ n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊 →shocking adj.非常糟糕的，令人气愤的(多修饰事物) →shocked n．震惊的，愤慨的(多修饰人的感受、表情、声音等) distance bear shock 重点短语 第一组　汉译英 1．呈现……的形状；采取……的形式　　 _______________ 2．突然发生，爆发 ____________ 3．在远处 _____________ 4．到处；各处 ____________ 5．首先；最重要的；尤其是 ____________ take the form of break out in the distance far and wide above all 第二组　英译汉 6．go through　　　　　　 ________________________ 7．emergency services ____________ 8．power failure ____________ 9．run out of supplies ____________ 10．leave one’s mark on ________________ 11．in all directions ____________ 12．throw out ______________________________ 13．a shower of ____________ 14．many a ________________________ 浏览，通读；经历；检查 紧急服务 停电 用光补给 对……产生影响 四面八方 扔掉；伸出；说出；否决；突出 一阵 许多(后跟单数可数名词) 典型句式 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．be to do 句型 (教材P25)Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what ____________(即将降临)! 2．独立主格结构 Each turned to fly—___________________________________________(人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡). was to come each running，pressing，pushing against the other 返回 互动探究 返回 break out突然发生，爆发 (教材原句)The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other，but were silent. 女人们嚎啕大哭；男人们面面相觑，但没有作声。 核心词汇精研 1 break out of　　　 摆脱 break away from 逃脱；背叛，脱离 break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰 break into 强行闯入(某地)；突然开始(笑、唱等) break down 出故障，坏掉；失败；垮掉 break up 解散；粉碎；绝交 break off 断开；停顿，中断；突然终止 break through 作出新的重大发现；突破；克服 佳句背诵　A fire broke out in the restaurant last night. Fortunately，no one was hurt. 昨晚这家饭店发生了火灾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。 名师点津 break out意为“ (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始，爆发”，是不及物短语动词，不用于被动语态。 易混辨析 break out/happen/take place 易混词 区别 break out 意为“ (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始，爆发”。如： The Second World War broke out in September，1939. 第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。 易混词 区别 happen 意为“发生，出现”，常带有偶然的意味，此时用物作主语，不用于被动语态；还可译为“碰巧，恰好”，此时常用人作主语。如： The car accident happened yesterday. 车祸是昨天发生的。 She happened to be out when we called.我们打电话时，她恰好外出了。 take place 意为“发生，进行”，常用来指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。如： The film festival will take place in October.电影节将于十月举行。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Talks with business leaders broke ______ last night. ②Many people say they work too hard and that is why so many of their marriages break ____ . 能力提升——微写作 ③当火灾发生的时候，我正在睡觉，大火迅速蔓延开来。 I was still sleeping _____________________，and then it spread quickly. down up when the fire broke out beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 (教材原句)At that moment，they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet；beyond in the distance，they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；从另一边，远处传来屋顶坍塌的声音。 2 beyond imagination　　　 超乎想象 beyond recognition 辨认不出 beyond question/doubt/argument 毫无疑问 beyond description 难以描述 beyond/without compare 无与伦比 beyond one’s power 不能胜任 beyond the limit 超过限度 beyond one’s ability 超出某人能力之外 佳句背诵　It is beyond argument that a balanced diet and proper exercise can keep you free from disease.毋庸置疑，均衡饮食以及适当锻炼会让你身体健康。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The scenery of nature there is so beautiful；in other words，it’s beyond ___________(imagine). ②As a matter of fact，illness and age changed him ________ recognition. ③There were limits ________ which we could not go，with all our friendship for her. 能力提升——微写作 ④并非是我不想帮你，而是超出了我的能力之外。 Not that I don’t want to help you，but that ___________________________. imagination beyond beyond it’s beyond my power to do so distance n．距离；久远，遥远；差异；疏远 (1)in the distance　　　 在远处 at/from a distance of ... 从……远的地方 (of后跟具体的距离) keep sb. at distance 同某人疏远，对某人冷淡，与某人保 持一定距离 keep one’s distance (from ... ) (与……)保持距离；疏远…… (2) distant adj. 遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from ... 离……远 (3)distantly adv. 远地；冷淡地；远亲关系地 佳句背诵　The Internet allows us to connect with old friends at a distance. 互联网让我们能够与远方的老朋友保持联系。 3 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to _______(distance) planets. ②Soon，it ran away off the road and disappeared in ____ distance. ③Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed ________ a safe distance. 能力提升——微写作 ④很难搞懂她，因为她总是与每个人都保持一定的距离。 It was very difficult to get to know her because she always ________________ _________. distant the from/at kept everyone at a distance rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救 (教材原句)　Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land. 狗在陆地上的救援工作中很有帮助。 (1)come/go to one’s rescue 营救某人，帮助某人 rescue workers 营救人员 rescue sb. from... 从……中营救某人 (2)rescuer n. 营救人员 佳句背诵　He rescued a child from drowning. 他救了一名溺水儿童。 4 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The firemen rescued a baby ______ the burning house. ②We came to ____ rescue and pulled him out of the river. ③The woman is comforting the boy ________(rescue)from the old building. 能力提升——微写作 ④救援者们花了90分钟才把那些被困的男子从大火中救出来。 It took rescuers 90 minutes __________________________________. from his rescued to rescue the trapped men from big fire sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 (教材原句)Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell，dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为体型小，嗅觉灵敏，狗能比人更快找到幸存者。 (1)sharply adv.　 严厉地，尖锐地；急剧地，突然大幅度地 (2)sharpen v. (使)变锋利(尖锐，清晰)；(使)改善，提高；(使)加剧 佳句背诵　Italy has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. 近年来意大利的移民人数急剧增加。 5 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The mechanic (机械师) who wishes to do his work well，must first ________ (sharp) his tools. ②Prices are rising ________(sharp)，while incomes are falling far behind. 能力提升——微写作 ③如果你的思维足够敏锐，你就能很容易回答这些问题。 If your awareness is __________________，you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. sharpen sharply as sharp as it could be locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) (1) be located in/at　 位于 locate specific information 定位细节 locate the fault 找出问题；定位故障 (2) location n. 地点，位置 work location 工作区；工作区子系统 佳句背诵　Located where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 江苏位于一带一路节点，将会给一带一路做出巨大贡献。 6 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①________ (locate) in the city centre，the information office can’t be missed. ②He added that the theater’s ________(locate)was also a reason. ③Our school has built a new stadium recently，which with well-equipped facilities _________(locate) behind the library. 能力提升——微写作 ④这个村庄坐落在东海之滨，有着300多年的历史，2 000多人口。 The village，_____________________，has a history of more than 300 years and a population of more than 2，000. Located location is located located on the East Sea 语境串记 Our new office is located within the centre of the town，and the location is convenient for me. 我们的新办公室位于市中心，位置对我来说非常便利。 be to do句型 (教材原句) Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ be to do sth.主要用于： (1)按照计划或安排将要做某事； (2)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该做某事，必须做某事”。长辈要求晚辈或上级要求下级做某事时常用这一句型； (3)表示不可避免将要发生的事或命中注定的事。 重点句型解构 佳句背诵　He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. 他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①This medicine is ___________(take) three times a day after meals. ②The invention of the Internet is __________(change) the way we communicate with each other. 能力提升——微写作 ③如果你想成为一个更快乐的人，对生活抱有积极的态度是必不可少的条件。 Having a positive outlook on life is a must if you ______________________ ________. to be taken to change are to become a happier person 随堂演练 维度一　单词拼写 1．Peace marked a new ______ (开端，萌芽) in the country’s history. 2．Our success was far ________ (超出) what we thought possible. 3．The country’s major ________ (出口产品) are fruit and vegetables. 4．Mornings in our house always follow a set _______(模式). 5．The storm split a branch off from the main ______ (树干). dawn beyond exports pattern trunk 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Weeks before，researchers ______________ (unearth) documents from the 1600s. 2．Violence ________ (erupt) outside the embassy gates the other day. 3．The players are barred ______ drinking alcohol the night before a match. 4．He determined ________(rescue) his two countrymen. 5．The cost of living has risen ________ (sharp) due to the war between the countries. have unearthed erupted from to rescue sharply 维度三　完成句子 1．当局已敦促人们储备燃料以防战争爆发。 The authorities have urged people to stock up on fuel in case ______________. 2．他们撒开网四处物色新的运动队教练。 They have spread their net _________________________ a new team coach. 3．我们下一堂课将采用辩论的形式。 Our next class will ______________________. wars break out far and wide in the search for take the form of a debate 返回 课时精练 返回 维度一　 根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式 1．The temple is supported by marble ________(柱，圆柱). 2．He has no plans to ______(退休) as editor of the magazine. 3．The country has to _______(进口) most of its raw materials. 4．Tennis requires a lot of short _______(急剧的，剧烈的) movements. 5．The girl has got used to the new ________ (模式) of family life. 6．I _________ (找到) my old diaries when we moved house. 7．The volcano e______ in 1980，destroying a large area of Washington state. 8．Ellis Island has become one of America’s most popular tourist d_________ . 基础达标 columns retire import sharp pattern unearthed rupted estination 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．Archaeologists(考古学家) were digging up the playground to search for Roman ________ (remain). 2．As a volcanologist，my uncle’s job is not just to watch a volcano ________ (erupt)in the distance. 3．They set ____ for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn’t have been stuck in the storm. 4．We found our way _______ (bar) by rocks. 5．The deal will put the company in a unique position ________ (export) goods to Eastern Europe. remains erupting off barred to export 6．There is little doubt，however，that things will improve in the not too _______ (distance) future. 7．Honestly speaking，it’s ________ my power to help you solve such a difficult problem. 8．Tom is asking Mr.Smith for some advice on how to spend the __________ (retire) life. 9．Her friends came to help her when the war broke _____. 10．The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite __________ (bear)，so I had to accept this new job. distant beyond retirement out unbearable 维度三　完成句子 1．我给吉尔打了电话提醒她会议推迟了。(remind sb. that...) I rang Jill and _________________________________________. 2．他的作品一般以诗歌形式出现。(take the form of) His works usually ____________________. 3．我似乎听到远处有声音。(in the distance) I seemed _________________________. reminded her that the conference had been put off take the form of poetry to hear a voice in the distance 4．她相信如果那些好人不来帮助她，可能结果就会不一样了。(might have done) She believes the story ____________________________ if those good people had not come to her aid. 5．从莎拉还是个小女孩时，我就再也没有见过她，她变得让人认不出来。(beyond) I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she ___________________ ___________. might have had a different ending has changed beyond recognition 维度四　课文语法填空 Pompeii was 1．____ typical Roman Empire port city.Trading ships，busy fishing boats and pleasure boats 2．________ (show) a prosperous city.But the last day of Pompeii ended with a volcanic 3．________(erupt)：the earth shook and buildings fell down 4．______ people ran away from an ash cloud 5．__________ was rolling towards them.Then Pompeii was showered with ashes and 6．________(burn) stones.Seventeen centuries later，Pompeii’s ruins 7．______________(discover) with half-finished columns and paint on the walls that still looked fresh.The 8．________ (remain) of Pompeii are a 9．________(remind) that human life is short and vulnerable(易受伤害的) in the face of 10．________ (nature) disasters. a showed eruption when that/which burning were discovered remains reminder natural 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Underwater explorers have discovered an ancient shipwreck (沉船) in the ruins of a long-­lost sunken Egyptian city Heracleion，off the coast of Alexandria in Egypt. Researchers have proved the ship to be over 2 ，000 years old among the ruins. Although Heracleion was once an important economic center，it was destroyed by the forces of nature，sinking (下沉) rapidly in the water. The remains of the city’s houses，temples，and markets have lain ten meters deep in the Abu Qir Bay，east of present­-day Alexandria. As a result，underwater explorers regularly make exciting discoveries there. Among them，statues and stone tablets with words made it possible to figure out the city’s name: Heracleion. Researchers explained that the ship was 25 meters long. The discovery of the shipwreck was fascinating because ships from that period in history were very seldom. The underwater research showed that the ship was struck by several big stones from the nearby temple，making the ship at the bottom of the sea. Dr. Mustafa Waziri，Secretary-­General of the Higher Archaeology Council，said the ship was in the canal (运河) which flowed along the side of the Temple of Amun. An earthquake struck the city，making the temple destroyed and the ship sink. While the shipwreck discovery was exciting，underwater explorers discovered the remains of a Greek cemetery (墓地) dating back to the 4th century BC during the underwater exploration. Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city. They built their own temples near the temple of Amun，and the remains of both have been found together and in good condition in the sunken city some 7 miles off the coast of Egypt. It is worth noting that the city of Heracleion had been the largest port­-city in Egypt across the Nile Delta，before the city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BC．Several earthquakes destroyed it. 语篇解读　本文为一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了水下探险家在埃及亚历山大港海岸附近的 Heracleion古城废墟中发现了一艘有2 000多年历史的沉船，探险家们找到了Heracleion成为废墟以及古沉船遗迹的缘由。 1．Why did the city Heracleion disappear？ A．It was destroyed by the Greek traders. B．It was hit and covered by a big flood. C．It was unimportant and was deserted. D．It was destroyed and sank into the sea. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Although Heracleion was once an important economic center，it was destroyed by the forces of nature，sinking (下沉) rapidly in the water.”，第三段最后一句“An earthquake struck the city，making the temple destroyed and the ship sink.”可知，Heracleion这座城市因地震而沉入水中。故选D项。 √ 2．What caused the ship to sink into the sea？ A．Its own length. B．A terrible earthquake. C．Carrying too many stones. D．The building of a temple. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The underwater research showed that the ship was struck by several big stones from the nearby temple，making the ship at the bottom of the sea.”以及第三段最后一句“An earthquake struck the city，making the temple destroyed and the ship sink.”可知，地震中巨石砸到了这条船，使船沉入海底。故选B项。 √ 3．What can be inferred from the discovery of a Greek cemetery？ A．The Greek cemetery was destroyed. B．Greek traders built the temple of Amun. C．Heracleion was probably a trade center. D．Greek has a longer history than Egypt. 推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“Although Heracleion was once an important economic center，”，第四段第二句“Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city. They built their own temples near the temple of Amun”可知，有希腊商人住在Heracleion这座埃及的重要经济中心的城市，还修了自己的庙宇，可见这些希腊商人长久定居在此，可推断Heracleion的贸易发达，可能是个商业城市。故选C项。 √ 4．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text？ A．History. B．Environment. C．Sport. D．Education. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Underwater explorers have discovered... ”可知，本文介绍了水下探险家们对Heracleion以及这条沉船进行了研究，属于报纸上的历史栏目的文章。故选A项。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空 Jane’s mother was busy with her work on the farm every day to make ends meet while Jane was studying at school，so they had little time to enjoy themselves. One day，she realized Jane was unhappy and even　1　to her，so she decided to go　2　with Jane to make Jane happy. On a Sunday morning they went happily to the snowfield. Since they were 　3　in white clothes，the manager advised them to buy ski clothes. He said in case there was an accident，they might be easily　4　 in the ski clothes. They couldn’t　5　 them，so she refused. Then they went skiing in their white clothes. They were skiing happily on the snowfield when suddenly the snowfield began to　6　．It was an avalanche (雪崩).They ran a long way and　7　 the avalanche finally，but they couldn’t find their way. Later，a helicopter was flying above，　8　 people on it couldn’t see or hear them. Jane was　9　 because she had hurt her head seriously and　10　dropped on the snow. Just then an idea struck her mother. She pierced (刺破) her own wrist　11　 and let bright red blood drop on the snow. A red SOS was written. At last Jane　12　，but her mother died. Every time I　13　the blood dropping on the snow，I feel　14　．I believe anyone who hears the tragedy will　15　 Jane’s mother for her selfless love to her daughter. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了简和母亲去滑雪，在滑雪时遇上了雪崩，但是由于她们穿着白色的衣服，救援飞机来的时候没有看到她们，于是简的母亲就刺破手腕用鲜血在雪地上写了SOS，最后简得救了而她母亲却去世了。 1．A．unfriendly B．loyal C．kind D．cruel 2．A．skating B．dancing C．hiking D．skiing 根据第四段中“Then they went skiing in their white clothes.”可知，母亲决定带简去滑雪 (skiing)。 √ √ 根据空前“... Jane was unhappy... ”可知，简不高兴，且even一词表示递进，说明简甚至对母亲也不友好 (unfriendly)。 3．A．all B．both C．either D．every 4．A．searched B．examined C．found D．caught 他说，万一有事故的话，穿着滑雪服就可以很容易地被找到 (found)。 √ √ 因为母女二人都 (both) 穿着白色衣服，所以滑雪场经理建议她们买滑雪服。 5．A．pay B．manage C．afford D．stand 6．A．change B．melt C．jump D．shake 根据空后句“It was an avalanche (雪崩).”可知，她们遇到了雪崩，因此滑雪场应该是开始摇晃 (shake)。 √ √ 根据第一段中“Jane’s mother was busy with her work on the farm every day to make ends meet... ”可知，简的母亲经济不富裕，因此买不起 (couldn’t afford) 滑雪服。 7．A．passed B．escaped C．experienced D．overcame 8．A．so B．but C．since D．while 根据空前“... a helicopter was flying above... ”和空后句“... people on it couldn’t see or hear them.”可知，虽然有直升机搜救，但是 (but)飞机上的搜救人员看不到她们，也听不到她们的呼救声。 √ √ 根据空前“They ran a long way... ”和空后“... but they couldn’t find their way.”可知，母女俩逃过了 (escaped)雪崩。 9．A．in vain B．in danger C．in peace D．in ruins 10．A．blood B．hair C．tears D．jewels 根据空前“... because she had hurt her head seriously... ”可知，简的头部严重受伤，血 (blood) 滴到了雪上。 √ √ 根据空后“... because she had hurt her head seriously... ”可知，简的头部严重受伤，情况很危险 (in danger)。 11．A．slowly B．carefully C．hardly D．immediately 12．A．cried B．died C．survived D．woke 根据空后“... but her mother died.”可知，最终简幸存 (survived)下来了，而她母亲却死了。 √ √ 母亲为救女儿立即 (immediately) 刺破手腕，用鲜血在雪地上写出“SOS”。 13．A．find out B．think of C．suffer from D．come across 14．A．satisfied B．curious C．anxious D．painful 每当“我”想到滴落在雪地上的鲜血时，“我”就会感到心痛 (painful)。 √ √ 根据句意，此处表示每当“我”想到 (think of) 滴落在雪地上的鲜血时。 15．A．admire B．envy C．reward D．thank √ “我”相信每个听到这件悲惨的事的人都会钦佩 (admire)简的母亲对女儿无私的爱。 Ⅲ.语法填空 An underwater volcano of the Kingdom of Tonga erupted on January 15，2022.The 13­-mile-­wide eruption caused large plumes of ash and gases as high as 19 miles. However，the violent explosion’s effect 1．________ Tonga remained unknown for days. Less than 20 minutes after the explosion，the South Pacific nation，which 2．________ (make) up of 170 small islands，went dark. The eruption had damaged the single undersea Internet cable，3．_______ (cut) off the 100，000 Tongans from the rest of the world. on/upon is made cutting On January 18，2022，the Tongan government finally 4．_________ (provide) details of the disaster using satellite Internet. Images taken by satellites and airplanes show the green island nation 5．__________ (complete) covered by a thick layer (层) of dark gray ash. Many areas remain flooded from the large waves 6．__________washed onto land，and the usually clear blue ocean has turned a little brown. To make matters 7．______ (bad)，a dark cloud of ash stayed over the island nation for four days. As a result，the countries had difficulty sending much­-needed 8．________ (supply). provided completely that/which worse supplies Tonga’s recovery will not be easy. There are reports of widespread damage to crops，and scientists hold the 9．______ (believe) that the eruption probably killed most marine life. The ash has polluted the water and if 10．_____ (leave) for too long，it could also harm crops and even livestock. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汤加火山爆发的情况及其对该地区的影响。 belief left 1．答案：on/upon　 2．答案：is made　 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代先行词the South Pacific nation在从句中作主语，be made up of... (由……组成)为从句谓语，表示一般情况，用一般现在时的第三人称单数被动形式。故填is made。 考查介词。固定搭配effect on/upon... (对……的巨大影响)。故填on/upon。 3．答案：cutting　 4．答案：provided　 考查动词时态。此处缺谓语，结合时间状语On January 18，2022可知，provide时态用一般过去时。故填provided。 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语had damaged且无连词，动词cut应用非谓语形式，该空是前句导致的意料之中、自然而然的结果，cut用动词 -ing形式作结果状语。故填cutting。 5．答案：completely　 6．答案：that/which　 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是the large waves，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 考查词性转换。用副词completely作状语修饰动词cover。故填completely。 7．答案：worse　 8．答案：supplies　 考查名词的单复数。supply (补给、补给品)是可数名词，用名词复数表泛指。故填supplies。 考查形容词比较级。固定搭配to make matters worse (更糟糕的是)。故填worse。 9．答案：belief　 10．答案：left　 考查省略。if引导的条件状语从句的省略，主语The ash与非谓语动词leave构成被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填left。 考查词性转换。抽象名词belief (看法)作动词hold的宾语，that引导的同位语从句解释说明抽象名词belief的内容。故填belief。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 2　Natural disasters 返回 $