Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Extended reading&Project&Assessment-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版）

本高中英语讲义围绕《老人与海》节选，系统梳理核心词汇（如straighten“挺直”、strain“压力”）、短语（如hold up“挺住”、pull over“把……拉过来”）及语法点（否定副词置于句首的倒装、too...to...结构），通过整体理解、细节理解题搭建从语言知识到文本分析的学习支架。 资料以经典文学选段为载体，融合文化意识（海明威作品的坚韧精神）与思维品质（文本层次分析），通过难句解构、微写作等环节提升语言能力，课中辅助教师引导学生深度理解，课后助力学生通过基础与能力练习巩固知识，弥补短板。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ………………………………………………………………………◎ ①The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》 海明威最著名的作品之一，写于1951年。它叙述了一位老年古巴渔夫，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗的故事。海明威赞颂了老人勇敢、坚忍、顽强的战斗精神，这种精神至今还在激励人们勇于面对人生。 ②straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 straighten oneself＝right oneself挺直身子 straight adj.一直的，直的 adv.一直地，直地 ③strain n．用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负 all the strain that one could竭尽全力 ④hold up 挺住；举起；支撑；耽搁 hold on坚持；等一等；〈口〉别挂电话；抓紧不放 ⑤alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起 come alongside靠过来 ⑥pull...over把……拉过来 pull part way over侧过一半身子 pull in(火车)进站 pull off 驶向路边停车 pull down拉下；拆毁 ⑦anyway adv.无论如何；不管怎样 anyhow adv.无论如何 somehow adv.以……方式；不知怎么地；不知为什么 somewhat adv.有点儿；有几分；颇为 ⑧accomplish vt.完成 accomplishment n．完成 ⑨reach for 伸手去拿 ⑩for ever＝for all time ＝forever永远 ⑪swim away/off 游走 ⑫noble adj.高贵的，贵族的；崇高的；宏伟的 nobleman n．贵族 ⑬come on过来；快点；加油 come about发生；造成 come to达到；恢复 come up走近；上来；被提及 come across邂逅；偶遇 come up with 提出；想出；赶上 ⑭confuse vt.使迷惑，混淆 confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 confusing adj.令人迷惑的 get confused in the head头脑糊涂的 ⑮keep one's head clear保持头脑清醒 ⑯clear up(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 ⑰be on the point of即将；就要；临近 be on the point of doing sth.when...正要做某事，这时…… ⑱once more又一次，再一次 ⑲weave　vi.&vt.(weaved，weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove，woven)编 ⑳flash n．闪光；闪现vt.&vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 in flashes 在闪烁 NO FLASHES禁止闪光灯 ◎……………………………………………………………………… The Old Man and the Sea① (Excerpt) The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer.For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side.Then he straightened② himself and began another circle. “I moved him，” the old man said.“I moved him then.” He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain③ that he could.I moved him，he thought.Maybe this time I can get him over.Pull，hands，he thought.Hold up④，legs.Last for me，head.Last for me.You never went.This time I'll pull him over. But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside⑤ and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over⑥ and then righted himself and swam away. “Fish，” the old man said.“Fish，you are going to have to die anyway⑦.Do you have to kill me too？” That way nothing is accomplished⑧，he thought.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for⑨ the water now.I must get him alongside this time，he thought.I am not good for many more turns.Yes you are，he told himself.You're good for ever⑩. 学生用书第118页 On the next turn，he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away⑪. You are killing me，fish，the old man thought.But you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble⑫　thing than you，brother．【1】Come on⑬ and kill me.I do not care who kills who. 【1】否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。常置于句首引起句子部分倒装的否定副词和短语还有：not，little，seldom，hardly，neither，nor，in no case，in no way等。 Now you are getting confused⑭ in the head，he thought.You must keep your head clear⑮.Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man.Or a fish，he thought. “Clear up⑯，head，” he said in a voice he could hardly hear.“Clear up.” Twice more it was the same on the turns. I do not know，the old man thought.He had been on the point of⑰ feeling himself go each time.I do not know.But I will try it once more. He tried it once more⑱ and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving⑲ in the air. I'll try it again，the old man promised，although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes⑳. He tried it again and it was the same.So he thought，and he felt himself going before he started；I will try it once again. 学生用书第119页 老人与海 这时鱼正兜了一个圈子回来，既沉着又美丽，只有它的大尾巴在动。老人竭尽全力把它拉得近些。有那么一会儿，鱼的身子倾斜了一点儿。然后它竖直了身子，又兜起圈子来。 “我把它拉动了，”老人说。“我刚才把它拉动了。” 他又感到头晕，可是他竭尽全力拽住了那条大鱼。我把它拉动了，他想。也许这一回我能把它拉过来。拉呀，手啊，他想。站稳了，腿儿。为了我熬下去吧，头。为了我熬下去吧，你从没晕倒过。这一回我要把它拉过来。 但是，等他把浑身的力气都使出来，趁鱼还没来到船边，还很远时就动手，使出全力拉着，那鱼却侧过一半身子，然后竖直了身子游开了。 “鱼啊，”老人说。“鱼，你反正是死定了。难道你非得把我也害死吗？” 照这样下去会是一事无成的，他想。他的嘴已经干得说不出话来，但是此刻他不能伸手去够水来喝。我这一回必须把它拉到船边来，他想。它再多兜几圈，我就不行了。不，你是行的，他对自己说。你永远都是行的。 在兜下一圈时，他差一点把它拉了过来。可是这鱼又竖直了身子，慢慢地游走了。 你要把我害死啦，鱼啊，老人想。不过你有权利这样做。我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。来，把我害死吧。我不在乎谁害死谁。 现在你的头脑已经不清醒了，他想。你必须保持头脑清醒。保持头脑清醒，要像男子汉，懂得怎样忍受痛苦。或者像一条鱼那样，他想。 “清醒过来吧，脑子，”他用自己也几乎听不见的声音说。“清醒过来吧。” 鱼又兜了两圈，还是老样子。 我弄不懂，老人想。每一回他都觉得自己快要垮了。我弄不懂。但我还要试一下。 他又试了一下，等他把鱼拉得转过来时，他感到自己要垮了，那鱼纠正了方向，又慢慢地游开了，大尾巴在海面上摇摆着。 我还要试一下，老人对自己许诺，尽管他的双手这时已软弱无力，眼睛只能间歇地看得清东西。 他又试了一下，又是同样情形。原来如此，他想，还没动手就感到要垮下来了；我还要再试一下。 一、整体理解 1．The text mainly tells us ． A．the old man caught a huge fish on the sea B．the old man travelled across the sea C．the old man's struggle with a huge fish，which reflects his spirit of bravery and perseverance D．the old man's travel on the sea，which reflects his spirit of bravery and perseverance 答案：　C 2．Match the main idea with each part. Part 1(Paras. 1－4) A.The old man felt confused with his second attempt to catch the fish. Part 2(Paras. 5－9) B.The old man felt himself faint with his first attempt to catch the fish. 学生用书第120页 Part 3(Paras. 10－13) C.The old man felt himself going but never gave up.He will try again and again. Part 4(Paras. 14－15) D.The old man felt himself going with his third attempt to catch the fish. 答案：　Parts 1—4：BADC 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Where is the story set? A．On a river. B．On the sea. C．In the kitchen. D．On the land. 2．Which adjective can be used to describe the old fisherman in the passage? A．Humorous. B．Stubborn. C．Strong. D．Tough. 3．Why couldn't the old man reach for the water although his mouth was too dry to speak? A．Because his arms were not long enough. B．Because the water was on another boat. C．Because both of his hands were used to control the fish. D．Because there was no water left on the boat. 4．Who did the old man say “Clear up，head” to? A．Himself. B．The fish. C．His fellow worker. D．His wife. 答案：　1—4：BDCA 三、难句解构 1．But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away. [句式分析]　句中when 引导时间状语从句；starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength为动词-ing形式短语作状语，其中before the fish came alongside为时间状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　但是，大鱼还不曾游到船边，他便使尽平生力气，拼命拉扯，大鱼被拉歪了一点，不久又浮正，游开。 2．I'll try it again，the old man promised，although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes. [句式分析]　句中the old man promised为插入语；although 引导让步状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　“我还要试一下，”老人承诺说，尽管他的双手这时已经血肉模糊，眼睛也只能忽而看得清，忽而又看不清。 [核心单词] 1．defeat the enemy　　　　　　 打败敌人 2．all the strain 所有的力气 3．alongside Central Park 沿着中央公园 4．a man of noble birth 出身高贵的人 5．in a flash 转瞬间，立即 [拓展单词] 1．extreme adj.& n．极端(的)；极度(的)→extremely adv.极其，非常，极端 2．destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏→destruction n．破坏，摧毁→destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的 3．straight adj.直的→straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 4．accomplish vt.完成→accomplishment n．成就，成绩 5．confuse vt.使混乱；使困惑→confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusion n．困惑；混乱；混淆 学生用书第121页 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．(头脑)清醒，使整洁，清理　 clear up 2．正要做某事 be on the point of doing sth. 3．来呀，快点 come on 4．挺住；举起；停止下来 hold up 第二组　英译汉 5．get over 克服 6．pull over 路边停车 7．with all one's strength 用尽力气 8．pull on 拉，继续拉 9．be well thought of 深思熟虑，三思而行，受到好评 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全下列句子 1．too...to...意为“太……而不能……” His mouth was too dry to speak(他的嘴干得说不出话来) but he could not reach for the water now. 2．否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装 Never have I seen(我从来没见过) a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother. 3．with复合结构 The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air(大尾巴在半空中绕来绕去). attempt vt. & n．努力，尝试，试图 (教材原句)After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days，Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.圣地亚哥空手而归84天后，他试图捕捉一条大鱼。 (1)make an attempt/attempts to do/at doing/on sth.　 尝试/试图做某事 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 at the first attempt 首次尝试 attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事 (2)attempted adj. 未遂 [佳句背诵]　(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. 一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她晕倒了，最后被发现是心脏病发作。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The boys attempted to leave (leave) for camping，but were stopped by their parents. ②The young man was arrested because of an attempted(attempt) robbery. ③She made an attempt to get (get) in touch with them on the telephone，but nobody was home. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④为改善环境，这个城镇禁用塑料袋。 The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment. too...to...意为“太……而不能……” (教材原句)His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now. 他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。 (1) “too...to...” 表示“(对某人/某物来说)太……以至于不能……”，表示否定意义。常用于too＋形容词/副词(for sb./sth.) to...结构中。 (2)“too...to...”也可以转换为so...that...引导的结果状语从句。 (3)too前有not，never等否定词时，整个句子表示肯定意义。 (4) too后面的形容词是anxious，ready，eager，pleased，glad等表示心理活动、情感态度的词语时，句子表示肯定意义 学生用书第122页 [佳句背诵]　It's too dark inside to see anything，please switch on the light. 里面太黑了，什么也看不见，请把灯打开。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①This box is too heavy for me to lift (lift) it. ②We are too anxious to be admitted(admit) to universities. ③You can never be too careful to drive. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④这家公司太小，没法跟大型国际公司竞争。 The firm is too small to compete against large international companies． 否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装 (教材原句)Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother.我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。 (1)此处为否定副词 never置于句首，句子使用部分倒装。 (2)表示否定意义的副词或短语置于句首时，其后的句子要使用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。 (3)表示否定意义的副词或短语有：never，seldom，little，hardly，rarely，in no way，in no case，at no time，by no means，in/under no circumstances，nowhere等。 (4)主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装 [佳句背诵]　Never have I seen such an earnest and devoted man. 我从未见过如此认真而忠诚的人。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Not until her mother came back did she go to bed. ②No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③共享单车不仅可以提供方便，还可以缓解交通压力。 Not only do sharing bicycles provide convenience，but they can also ease traffic pressure. confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的，不清楚的，混乱的 (教材原句)Now you are getting confused in the head，he thought. 他想，现在你的脑子有点糊涂了。 (1)be confused about　　 对……感到迷惑 (2)confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的 (3)confuse vt. 使迷惑，混淆 confuse...with/and... 把……和……混淆 (4)confusion n. 混乱，困惑 in confusion 困惑地，混乱 [佳句背诵]　The teacher is explaining what we were confused about. 老师正在讲解我们混淆不清的问题。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①What you said at the meeting was really confusing(confuse). ②From her confused(confuse) look，I could tell that she couldn't understand the sentence. ③A man in confusion(confuse) cannot focus on the required work. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④在新冠病毒爆发之初，它造成了公众很长一段时间的困惑和混乱。 At the very beginning of the outbreak of novel coronavirus，it caused a long period of confusion and muddle in the public. [语境串记]　The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。 学生用书第123页 维度一　单词拼写 1．In summary，keep confident and no one can defeat (击败)you in the contest.We believe you. 2．He treated the guests with generosity(慷慨) and thoughtfulness，which made them feel at home. 3．The new restaurant is extremely(极其) popular，so you ought to book a table in advance. 4．So far some specific measures have been taken to protect the forest from being destroyed(破坏). 5．To his delight，the author has accomplished(完成) his biography ahead of schedule. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．The grandpa always attempts to answer(answer) all his grandson's questions. 2．She was on the point of going to bed when there was a power failure. 3．The statement is really confusing(confuse) and many of us can't understand it. 4．With his homework finished (finish)，he went out to play. 5．Not until the author began to study the classic poetry did he realize how appealing it was. 维度三　完成句子 1．如果你对什么事有疑问，打电话给我。(confuse) If you're confused about anything，phone me. 2．汤姆想在考试中作弊时，被老师当场抓住了。(attempt) When Tom was attempting to cheat in the exam，he was caught by the teacher on the spot. 3．以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。(部分倒装) Never before have I seen such a moving film． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $