Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语语言知识体系，系统梳理核心词汇（如fund、recycle）、拓展词汇（如contribution及其词形转换）、重点短语（如earn money、make a difference）及典型句式（如that同位语从句、“介词+which”定语从句），构建从词汇认知到语法应用的学习支架，助力学生夯实语言基础。 该资料以提升语言能力为核心，通过词形转换规律（如形容词后缀-ive）、一词多义辨析等设计培养思维品质，结合教材原句解析句式结构，辅以单句语法填空、完成句子等练习。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，有效提升学习能力与语言应用水平。

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．fund water projects 　 　　 资助水利工程 2．recycle waste water 回收利用废水 3．set up a foundation 建立一个基金会 4．gain new information and insight 收获了新的知识和顿悟 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；投稿；捐献 2．relief n．减轻，缓解→relieve v．减轻；缓解 3．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏→short adj.短的；缺乏的；简洁的；缩写的→shorten v．缩短；变短 4．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n．结果；效力；作用→effectively adv.有效地→efficiency n．效率；效能→efficient adj.有效率的；胜任的 5．donate v．捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐赠；捐款；捐赠物 6．perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈→persevere v．坚持；孜孜以求 7．reality n．真实，现实→real adj.真实的；天然的→realistic adj.现实的；实际的；逼真的→realize v．实现；认识到→really adv.真实地；确实；当真 规律：形容词后缀-ive 示例：effect＋-ive→effective　有效的， 产生预期效果的 act→active　活跃的 impress→impressive　给人深刻印象的；令人钦 佩的 create→creative　创造性的 　　 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．internal freshwater resource 内部淡水资源 2．drinking fountain 喷泉式饮水器 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．挣钱 earn/make money 2．下决心做某事 be determined to do sth 3．说服某人做某事 persuade sb_to do sth 4．有影响；起(重要)作用 make a difference 5．突然笑起来 break into a smile 第二组　英译汉 6．under control 受支配；受控制 7．give up 放弃 8．turn out 出席 9．set up 建立 10．benefit from 从……之中获益 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　that引导同位语从句 教材原句　As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. 年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。 2．句型公式　so... that... 引导结果状语从句 教材原句　And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么他们会因为喝了不卫生的水而生病？ 学生用书第38页 3．句型公式　“介词＋which”引导定语从句 教材原句　After several months，Ryan had raised the $2,000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 几个月后，瑞安筹到了2 000 美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。 4．句型公式　not... but... “不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分 教材原句　Now，as an adult，Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help？”，but “How can I help today？”. 如今，瑞安已长大成人，他说现在的问题不再是“我为什么不去帮助他们”，而是“如今我该如何去帮助他们”。 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 contribution n．贡献；捐款；稿件，作品 (教材原句) the contribution these people made to society 这些人对社会做出的贡献 (1)make a contribution to... 对……做出贡献 (2)contribute vt.& vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助；有助于；投稿 contribute... to... 把……贡献给…… contribute to... 导致……；向……投稿；有助于…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum to the charity. ②Doing small things well contributes to building (build) up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future. ③屠呦呦因在医学上的杰出贡献而获得诺贝尔奖。 Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize for her outstanding contributions that she made to medicine. (应用文之人物介绍) relief n．减轻，缓解；宽慰；救济 (教材原句) The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed. 在病人的皮肤被仔细地清洗和擦干之后，病人所感受到的放松和舒适是在病床上最常见的现象之一。 (1)much to one’s relief　 令某人宽慰的是 with/in relief 宽慰地；如释重负 it is a relief to do sth 做某事令人欣慰 (2)relieve vt. 减轻(痛苦、焦虑) relieve sb of... 帮助某人减轻……(负担) (3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The new secretary will contribute to relieving us of some of the paperwork. ②Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and relieve (relief) pressure. ③发现我妹妹已经适应了新环境，我感到很欣慰。 →It was a relief to find my sister had adjusted herself to the new surroundings.(it作形式主语) →To my relief，I found my sister had adjusted herself to the new surroundings.(relief) →I was relieved to find my sister had adjusted herself to the new surroundings.(relieved) →My sister had adjusted herself to the new surroundings，which made me relieved.(relieved) (读后续写之情感描写) 学生用书第39页 shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏 (教材原句) Freshwater shortage(less than 1,000 m3/capita/year) 淡水缺乏(每人每年不到1 000立方米) (1)a shortage of... 　　 缺乏…… (2)short adj. 缺少的；短的；矮的 be short of 缺少…… be short for 是……的缩写/简称 in short 总之，简言之 for short 作为简称 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage (short). ②To my annoyance, the girl is never short of excuses when things go wrong. ③In short, I think we should praise him for his contributions to the company. ④他真正的名字是托马斯，但他被简称为汤姆。 His real name is Thomas, but he is called Tom for short. (应用文之人物介绍) effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的 (教材原句) Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water. 现在勾选你认为为非洲提供淡水的最有效的解决方案。 effect n.　　　　　 效应；结果；影响 have an effect on 对……有影响 bring/carry/put... into effect 实施；使……生效 come/go into effect＝take effect 开始生效；开始实施 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The new rules should be put into effect as soon as possible. ②It is a very effective (effect) way to learn the language and improve your pronunciation. ③According to the law expert, a series of laws will soon come into effect. ④全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动、植物物种产生重大影响。 Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.(应用文之投稿) earn v．挣(钱)；赚得，挣得；博得，赢得 (教材原句) At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. 起初，他的计划是挣钱用来在非洲某地建一口井。 (1)earn one’s/a living (by... )　 (靠……)维持生计 earn/make money 赚钱 (2)earn sb sth 为某人赢得/博得…… earn fame/a reputation 赢得名声 earn the respect/trust of sb 赢得某人的尊敬/信任 (3)earnings n. (复数)薪水；工资；收入 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was the new policy that contributed to a rise in average earnings (earn). ②The poor family lives on very little money earned (earn) by the disabled husband. ③She devoted herself entirely to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. ④他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。 His achievements earned him the_respect and admiration of others. (应用文之人物介绍) 学生用书第40页 donate v．捐赠，捐献 (教材原句) He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. 他开始向他的同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。 (1)donate money　　 捐款 donate... to... 把……捐赠给/捐献给…… (2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献 make a donation to... 向……捐赠/捐款 (3)donator n. 捐赠者 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①This noble gentleman has donated more than a million dollars to the local charity during the past few years. ②We made a donation (donate) of 120,000 yuan to you，expecting that it can help you get through the difficulties. ③她捐了很多钱给学校， 使学生们能够重新回到他们的教室。 She donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom. (应用文之人物介绍) break into a smile 突然笑起来 (教材原句) He broke into a joyful smile. 他突然高兴地笑了。 break into　　 破门而入；闯入；突然……起来 (＋名词) break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；突然……起来(＋doing) break down　 停止运转，出故障；分解；垮掉 break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂 break away (from... ) 突然离开；(从……中)脱离 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When the marriage finally broke up，it was obviously a terrible blow to Soames. ②The robber broke into the foundation，trying to take away some money. ③Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? ④突然，他看到一位老妇人的车在路边抛锚了。 Suddenly, he saw an old lady, whose car broke down on the side of the road. (读后续写之动作描写) 一、一词多义 1．relief A．n. 宽慰，轻松　B．n.焦虑、痛苦等的减轻，消除　C．n.救济 (1)News of their safety came as a great relief.__A__ (2)He is a relief worker who always helps those in need.__C__ (3)The charity aims to bring the relief of suffering to those in need.__B__ 2．contribute A．v. 有助于　B．v. 投稿　C．v.捐赠 (1)The local government hoped that everybody living in the region contributed to the Red Cross. __C__ (2)It is an honour to be invited to contribute to your magazine.__B__ (3)Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.__A__ 二、熟词生义 1．The professor has a fund of knowledge that amazes his students. n. (相当)数量；储备 2．Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city.n. 丰富来源；源泉　　 学生用书第41页 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：that引导同位语从句 (教材原句) As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. 年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。 句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明words的内容。 同位语从句用来说明其所修饰的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。 完成句子 ①最后但并非最不重要的是，毫无疑问，准备足够的食物和水是一个好主意，这将满足骑行期间的营养供应。 Last but not least, there is no doubt that it’s a good idea to prepare enough food and water, which will meet the supply of nutrients during cycling. (应用文之建议信) ②我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. (应用文之告知信) ③我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。 There is no possibility that we will finish the work in such a short time. 句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 (教材原句) After several months，Ryan had raised the $2,000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 几个月后，瑞安筹到了2 000美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。 句中with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替，也不可省略。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制。 (2)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择依据为： ①根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)； ②根据与先行词搭配的具体意义； ③根据句子的意思； ④表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of。 单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①He was educated at the local high school，after which he went on to Peking University. ②My headteacher has taught me a lot，for which I am grateful. ③Li Ming，with whom I went to the concert，enjoyed it very much. ④We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money. →We are in a position in which we may lose a large sum of money. (应用文之告知信) ⑤We are looking forward to the day when we will get together. →We are looking forward to the day on which we will get together. (应用文之日记) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $