内容正文:
Unit 6 Earth first
主题语境:人与自然——保护环境
单元目标速览
单元话题导入
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
—Comprehending
内容索引
语篇研读 细梳理
1
语篇助解 释疑难
2
课时测评
3
语篇研读 细梳理
返回
Step One:Pre-reading
What's your feeling about sharks? What words can you use to describe sharks?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Possible answer:
dangerous, aggressive, powerful, intelligent, horrible, endangered, terrifying, fierce, huge, man-eating, scary, giant, frightening, etc.
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea.
What's the main idea of this passage?
A.The film Jaws was a great success.
B.Sharks are dangerous and also endangered.
C.The reason why the number of sharks is decreasing.
D.The ways to protect the sharks.
Step Two:While-reading
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Ⅱ.Read the text again and match each Paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A.The number of large sharks fell quickly due to fear of
sharks and finning.
Para.2 B.The author describes the film's plot and achievement.
Para.3 C.The film made people frightened of sharks and a lot of
sharks were killed.
Para.4 D.Benchley realised his mistakes and began to fight to
protect sharks.
Para.5 E.More people than ever started to protect sharks.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure.
dangerous
scared
finning
wrong
protect
Ⅳ.Read for details.
1.Why is the film Jaws mentioned in this passage?
A.Because the film wrote about sharks.
B.Because the film is based on a real person.
C.Because the film has a great effect on sharks.
D.Because the film is very interesting.
2.Which of the following was led to by the film?
A.Many sharks were killed for fin.
B.People are no longer afraid of sharks.
C.Most of people stop swimming in the sea.
D.People believe sharks are horrible animals.
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3.Why did the number of large sharks decrease quickly?
A.Because large sharks were finned.
B.Because people were afraid of them.
C.Because people were tired of them.
D.Because the environment was destroyed.
4.When Peter Benchley saw so many dead sharks,he began to .
A.feel sorry for sharks
B.become ashamed of his lack of knowledge
C.admit his misunderstanding of sharks
D.give up writing to protect sharks
5.Where is the passage most likely from?
A.A diary. B.A guide book.
C.A novel. D.A magazine.
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Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.
尝试翻译 ____________________________________________________
许多看过这部电影的人开始相信,鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。
2.
尝试翻译 _____________________________________________________
________________________________________
捕鲨采翅给彼得·本奇利带来了意想不到的影响,他是被改编成电影《大白鲨》的小说的作者。
Ⅱ.佳句仿写
1.教材佳句 She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever.(动作链描写)
学后仿写 他站起来,愤怒地大叫,然后离开了房间。
He stands up, ___________________________________.
2.教材佳句 It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.(电影简介)
学后仿写 它讲述了一群朋友在丛林里冒险的故事。
______________________________ who go on an adventure in a jungle.
shouts in anger, and then leaves the room
It tells the story of a group of friends
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Ⅲ.品质升华
1.Are there any endangered animals in your country? What are they?(Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
____________________________________________________________
2.What can you do to protect them?(Creative Thinking创造性思维)
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yes. Tibetan antelopes, white-flag dolphins, Chinese alligators, and so on.
We can set up nature reserves for the endangered animals. We can pass some laws to punish hunters.
语篇助解 释疑难
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①underwater/ˌʌndə'wɔːtə(r)/adv.在水面下
[构词法]underwater是由“介词+名词”构成的复合副词。类似的词还有:downstairs在楼下;downtown在/往市中心;alongside 在旁边。
②surface 熟词生义 vi.升到水面,浮出水面
③a great success在此表示“一部极其成功的电影”。
success在此作可数名词,表示“成功的人(或事物)”。
④long-held adj.长期持有的
[构词法]该词由“副词+过去分词”构成,类似的词有:well-prepared准备好的,well-known众所周知的,well-written写得好的。
原文呈现
名师圈点
SHARKS:DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED?
1We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.Suddenly,she is pulled underwater①. She surfaces②,cries in fear,then disappears forever.This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws,showing a shark attack.[1]It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.Jaws was a great success③,attracting huge audiences and winning many awards.It strengthened people's long-held④ idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
[1]showing a shark attack是动词-ing形式短语作定语,可改写为定语从句,即which shows a shark attack。
⑤be scared of...害怕……
scared/skeəd/adj.害怕的,畏惧的,担心的
原文呈现
名师圈点
2People have always been scared of⑤ sharks,but Jaws made things worse[2].It made people frightened of sharks,especially of the great white shark.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans.[3]
[2]此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,形容词worse在此作宾语补足语。
[3]此处who saw the film为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词Many people;“that sharks...ate humans”为that引导的宾语从句,作动词believe的宾语,宾语从句中的that ate humans为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词bad animals。
原文呈现
Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film[4].Other people started fishing for sharks,killing as many as they could[5].At that time,nobody cared if sharks were killed,or how many were killed.People just wanted them killed.[6]
[4]此处为形容词短语作原因状语。
[5]此处为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语,其中的as many as they could属于“as...as...”结构,表示“尽可能多的”。
[6]此处为过去分词killed作宾语补足语,kill与them之间是动宾关系。
⑥due to由于,因为
⑦fin/fɪn/v.切去(鱼的)鳍n.鱼鳍
⑧cut off 切掉,割掉
原文呈现
名师圈点
3After 1975,the number of large sharks around America fell quickly,and soon fell around the world.This was not only due to⑥ fear of sharks,but also finning⑦.Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off⑧[7].The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin soup.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
[7]此处为where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a type of fishing;cut off前的are省略了。
⑨have an unexpected effect on/upon...对……有意想不到的影响
⑩dive/daɪv/v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
go diving去潜水
diver n.(通常有专用装备的)潜水员
⑪an awful sight可怕的景象
awful adj.可怕的
原文呈现
名师圈点
4Finning would have an unexpected effect upon⑨ Peter Benchley,the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on[8].In 1980,Benchley was diving⑩ when he came across an awful sight⑪.
[8]画线部分为Peter Benchley的同位语,其中“who...based on”为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the man;该定语从句中又包含一个省略了关系词的定语从句the film Jaws was based on,该定语从句修饰先行词the book。
⑫come to see...as...开始把……看作……
⑬rather than而不是
⑭the other way round 相反的情况;颠倒过来,反过来
⑮target/ˈtɑːɡɪt/v.把……作为目标
⑯by mistake 错误地,无意中
[近义]by chance偶然,意外地
[反义]on purpose故意地;有意地
原文呈现
名师圈点
It was an area where fishermen were finning,and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.Benchley saw sharks being killed[9]and this caused a deep change in him.He came to see people as⑫ a danger to sharks,rather than⑬ the other way round⑭.From that day on,he fought to protect sharks.He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour.“Sharks don't target⑮ humans,”he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food,and they attack us by mistake⑯.[10]Only around six people are killed by sharks every year.
[9]此处为“see+ 宾语+宾语补足语”结构,being killed在此作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的被动动作。
[10]此处为and连接的并列句。第一分句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句,作动词proved的宾语。
⑰fortunately/'fɔːtʃ(ə)nətli/adv.幸运地
[近义]luckily adv.幸运地
[词链]fortune(n.运气)→fortunate(adj.幸运的)→unfortunate(adj.不幸的)→fortunately(adv.幸运地)→unfortunately(adv.不幸地)
⑱extinction/ɪk'stɪŋkʃ(ə)n/n.灭绝,绝种
be threatened with extinction/in danger of extinction面临消亡的危险/有消亡的危险
extinct/ɪk'stɪŋkt/adj.已灭绝的,绝种的
原文呈现
名师圈点
5Fortunately⑰,not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks[11]—some became interested in understanding them. Today,as we learn more about sharks[12],more people than ever want to protect them from extinction⑱.
[11]此处是部分否定,可改为“Everyone who watched the film Jaws didn't become afraid of sharks”。
[12]此处是as引导的时间状语从句,as意为“随着……”。
名师圈点
文化采风
《大白鲨》(Jaws)是1975年上映的一部美国惊悚电影。本片是史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格拍摄的经典影片之一,根据彼得·本奇利的同名小说改编。在影片中,一个名叫艾米蒂岛的暑期度假小镇近海处出现一条巨大的食人大白鲨,多名游客命丧其口。当地警长在一名海洋生物学家和一位职业鲨鱼捕手的帮助下猎杀了这条鲨鱼。
译文参考
鲨鱼:危险的还是濒危的?
1我们看到一个女人晚上在一片黑暗的海里游泳。突然,她被拉到了水下。她浮出水面,惊恐地哭喊着,然后就彻底消失了。这是1975年的电影《大白鲨》的开场,展现了鲨鱼的一次袭击。电影向我们讲述了一条大白鲨攻击并杀死游泳者的故事。《大白鲨》是一部非常成功的电影,吸引了许多观众并获得了众多奖项。它强化了人们长期持有的观念,即大白鲨是危险生物。
2虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼,但《大白鲨》加深了这种感觉。它让人们恐惧鲨鱼,尤其是大白鲨。许多看过这部电影的人开始相信,鲨鱼是会吃人的有害动物。有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物,不再去海里游泳。还有人开始捕捞鲨鱼,杀死尽可能多的鲨鱼。在那个时候,没有人关心鲨鱼是否被杀,或者有多少鲨鱼遭到杀戮。人们只是想置它们于死地。
31975年以后,美国附近体型较大的鲨鱼数量骤降,很快世界范围内的鲨鱼数量也下降了。这不仅仅是因为(人们)对鲨鱼的恐惧,还因为(人们)捕鲨采翅。这是一种在捕获鲨鱼之后割下它们的鱼鳍的捕鱼方式。鲨鱼被扔回大海,然后它们在痛苦中慢慢死去。鱼鳍用于做鱼翅汤。捕鲨采翅每年会杀死数百万条鲨鱼。
4捕鲨采翅给彼得·本奇利带来了意想不到的影响,他是被改编成电影《大白鲨》的小说的作者。1980年,本奇利在潜水时偶然看到了一个可怕的景象。那片海域是捕鱼者割鱼鳍的地方,海底布满了死去的鲨鱼。看到鲨鱼被杀给本奇利带来了深刻的改变。他开始把人类看作鲨鱼的威胁,而不是相反的情形。从那天起,他就为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认他的书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标,”他说。专家们已经证实,鲨鱼不把人视作食物,它们攻击人类只是误伤。每年仅有大约6人被鲨鱼杀死。
5幸运的是,并非所有人在看完电影《大白鲨》以后开始惧怕鲨鱼——有人反而想了解它们。今天,随着我们对鲨鱼的认识愈发深入,有比以往更多的人想要保护它们免遭灭绝。
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课时测评
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素能提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分,共16分)
A
(2024·河北邯郸期末)
Scientists have reported that the sea ice in Antarctica (南极) is at a record low level. Antarctica is a great, icy land, surrounded (围绕) by the huge Southern Ocean. The ice in Antarctica doesn't just cover the land. There's also a large area of sea ice on the ocean's surface.
Every year, the sea ice at the South Pole goes through a cycle. In the summer, the huge sea ice melts (融化) to its smallest point. Over the colder winter months, the sea ice grows and grows until it covers a wide area. Usually, the sea ice covers the greatest area around September 23, as winter ends at the South Pole.
Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979.For most of this time, Antarctica has seemed to be almost unaffected by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the globe. That began to change around 2016.Now, for several years, the area of Antarctica's sea ice has been shrinking.
This year, the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) reported that Antarctica's sea ice covered its greatest area on September 10 — almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice was at a new record low—not just by a little bit, but by a lot.
The last time Antarctica's low sea ice set a record at the end of winter was in 1986.And this year, there's about 398, 000 square miles less sea ice than in 1986.
Scientists are still trying to understand what is driving the change in Antarctica. One likely direct cause for the change is the rising temperatures of the world's oceans. Ted Scambos, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, says Antarctica's ice levels have always changed some, but the sharp loss this year is “pointing towards warmer ocean conditions around the continent”.
The new low record has concerned the scientists. Scientists are working hard to better understand Antarctica. They don't know yet if this is just a short-term problem, or part of a long-term shift (转变) towards less sea ice in Antarctica.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南极的海冰不断消融,海冰面积减少创下新纪录。
1.What does the underlined word “shrinking” mean in Paragraph 3?
A.Getting smaller. B.Being flat.
C.Observed. D.Measured.
词义猜测题。根据第一段“Scientists have reported that the sea ice in Antarctica (南极) is at a record low level.”以及第三段“Scientists have been measuring... change around 2016.”可知,大部分时间南极的海冰没有受到全球其他地区天气变化的影响。但是从2016年往后出现了变化,说明海冰开始减少,变得更小了。故画线词意思是“变得更小”。故选A项。
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2.Why does the author mention the record in 1986?
A.To give an example.
B.To make a comparison.
C.To make a summary.
D.To offer an argument.
推理判断题。根据第五段“The last time Antarctica's... less sea ice than in 1986.”可推知,作者提到1986年的记录是为了拿现在和之前的数据作对比。故选B项。
√
3.What is the possible direct reason for the change in Antarctica's sea ice?
A.The changing weather conditions.
B.Human activities in Antarctica.
C.Increased volcanic activities in the area.
D.The increasing temperatures of the global oceans.
细节理解题。根据第六段“One likely direct cause for the change is the rising temperatures of the world's oceans.”可知,一个可能的直接原因是全球海洋的温度上升。故选D项。
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4.How do scientists feel about the low record?
A.Worried. B.Annoyed.
C.Excited. D.Satisfied.
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new low record has concerned the scientists.”可推知,科学家对此感到非常担忧。故选A项。
√
B
Whale communication has long been a puzzle for scientists,with their underwater sound — “click...click...click” — remaining largely unexplained.However,thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence (AI),researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals.
The program is called the Whale Translation Project (WTP),whose meaning is to know what whales are saying.Its goal is clear but very difficult to achieve.Understanding the communication of whales and other animals could inspire conservation (保护) efforts.For example,the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.
The WTP started when Gruber,a biologist at Harvard University,turned to a computer scientist for help about dealing with a large amount of data on whale sounds.They thought of applying machine learning,used for improving human language translations,to whales.The sound of click,similar to a binary code (二进制),is easy for AI to analyze.
Scientists once presented the sounds of a whale using a series of lines to show the number of clicks per second.Now,with the help of AI,Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes.This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds.Gruber can use AI to analyze the differences and the specific context,like the behavior of moving to the surface and hunting for food,and thus understand the meaning of the whale sound easily.He can also discover how whales interact,getting 99% right in predicting (预测) the next click.
This kind of work isn't limited to whales.Suresh Neethirajan,a computer science and agriculture professor,studies how farmers can use real-time observation to explain animal behaviors.He collects data,such as body temperature,paired with recorded sounds and videos,to understand whether animals are comfortable or not.With AI,he can recognise sick animals quickly,improving their well-being.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了鲸鱼的神秘性以及科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音。
5.What is the purpose of mentioning the discovery in the 1960s?
A.To show the success of protecting the environment.
B.To explain the difficulty of saving humpback whales.
C.To stress the value of studying animal communication.
D.To introduce the challenge of understanding whale language.
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For example,the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.(例如,20世纪60年代座头鲸互相唱歌的发现导致了成功的保护活动和法律)”可知,提到20世纪60年代的发现的目的是为了强调研究动物交流的价值。故选C项。
√
6.How can AI help according to paragraph 4?
A.It records whale sound quickly.
B.It processes sound data effectively.
C.It reads musical notes correctly.
D.It promotes whale interactions directly.
√
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Now,with the help of AI,Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes.This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds.(现在,在人工智能的帮助下,格鲁伯可以迅速将数千条鲸鱼的声音从数小时的录音中转化为一种看起来像音符的新型图片。这种方法有助于发现声音中的细微差别)”可知,人工智能可以有效地处理声音数据。故选B项。
7.What can we learn about AI according to the last paragraph?
A.It cures diseases of animals.
B.It improves farmers' well-being.
C.It aims to change animal behavior.
D.It helps to understand animals' needs.
√
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He collects data,such as body temperature,paired with recorded sounds and videos,to understand whether animals are comfortable or not.With AI,he can recognise sick animals quickly,improving their well-being.(他收集体温等数据,并将其与录制的声音和视频相结合,以了解动物是否感到舒适。有了人工智能,他可以快速识别生病的动物,改善它们的健康状况)”可知,根据最后一段,关于人工智能我们可以了解到的是它有助于理解动物的需求。故选D项。
8.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Scientists develop machine learning.
B.Scientists discover a new whale sound.
C.AI creates a unique type of musical note.
D.AI unlocks the secrets of animal language.
√
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whale communication has long been a puzzle for scientists,with their underwater sound—“click...click...click” — remaining largely unexplained.However,thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence (AI),researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals.(长期以来,鲸鱼交流一直是科学家们的一个难题,它们在水下发出的声音——“咔嚓……咔嚓……咔嚓”——基本上没有解释。然而,由于人工智能(AI)的惊人能力,一个项目的研究人员可以解读这些神奇的海洋动物的声音)”可知,本文主要介绍了鲸鱼的神秘性以及科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音,所以本文的主旨是人工智能揭开了动物语言的秘密。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分,共10分)
(2024·金华高一检测)
Be a Green Child
What does it mean to be green?“Green” is more than just a colour. 1 Why green?Plants are green,and without them the Earth wouldn't be such a lovely home for us human beings.Every day,people make choices that affect the amount of rubbish and pollution produced in our world.What can we do?Here's a four-step guide to being green:
Reduce It!
2 For example,a shorter shower means you use less water and less fuel since your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water.
Reuse It!
Sometimes people call ours a “throwaway society”.That means that we're a little too willing to throw away old things and buy new ones. 3 For example,if your baby brother outgrows his plastic basketball hoop,why not give it to another family who has a little kid?
Recycle It!
Recycling has never been easier.Many communities will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require it.Recycled goods go to a recycling centre,where they can be turned into new cans,bottles,and paper.
Enjoy It!
It's true that rubbish and pollution are problems,but the Earth remains a huge and beautiful place that's ready for you to explore. 4 Go for a hike,visit local nature centres and gardens,and climb up mountains.But before you travel the globe,take a look at your own backyard.Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? 5
A.If so,get out there and get your hands dirty.
B.Turn off the water when you're brushing your teeth.
C.You can watch with pride as your garden plants grow.
D.It also means taking special steps to protect the environment.
E.When you use less of something,you do a good thing for the Earth.
F.You can start locally by visiting the naturally beautiful places in your cities.
G.Many times,even if you no longer need something,someone else just might.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了环保的四个步骤。
Be a Green Child
What does it mean to be green?“Green” is more than just a colour._____________________________________________________Why green?Plants are green,and without them the Earth wouldn't be such a lovely home for us human beings.Every day,people make choices that affect the amount of rubbish and pollution produced in our world.What can we do?Here's a four-step guide to being green:
D.It also means taking special steps to protect the environment.
根据上文“‘Green’ is more than just a colour.”可知,Green不仅仅指颜色,设空处应表示它还有其他的含义,D项“它还意味着采取特殊措施保护环境。”符合语境。故选D。
Reduce It!
____________________________________________________________For example,a shorter shower means you use less water and less fuel since your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water.
E.When you use less of something,you do a good thing for the Earth.
根据本段小标题“Reduce It!”和下文内容可知,本段主要讲述了通过节约来做到环保,E项“当你少用一些东西,你就为地球做了一件好事。”符合语境,E项中的use less of something与小标题中的Reduce和下文中的use less water and less fuel相照应。故选E。
Reuse It!
Sometimes people call ours a “throwaway society”.That means that we're a little too willing to throw away old things and buy new ones. ________
_____________________________________________________________For example,if your baby brother outgrows his plastic basketball hoop,why not give it to another family who has a little kid?
G.Many times,even if you no longer need something,someone else just might.
根据本段小标题“Reuse It!”可知,本段主要讲述了通过再利用物品来做到环保,G项“很多时候,即使你不再需要某个东西,但别人可能会需要。”讲述了你不需要的东西可能是别人需要的,建议将闲置物品送给有需要的人,承接下文,符合语境。故选G。
Enjoy It!
It's true that rubbish and pollution are problems,but the Earth remains a huge and beautiful place that's ready for you to explore. __________________
__________________________________________________Go for a hike,visit local nature centres and gardens,and climb up mountains.But before you
F.You can start locally by visiting the naturally beautiful places in your cities.
根据上文“It's true that rubbish and pollution are problems,but the Earth remains a huge and beautiful place that's ready for you to explore.”可知,地球上仍然有美丽的地方供你探索,空处应讲述可探索的地方,F项“你可以从当地开始,参观你所在城市中自然美丽的地方。”符合语境。故选F。
travel the globe,take a look at your own backyard.Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden?_______________
_________________________
A.If so,get out there and get your hands dirty.
根据上文“Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden?”可知,询问了是否有种树、水果或蔬菜的地方,空处应进行回答,A项“如果有,那就出去把你的手弄脏吧。”符合语境,建议行动起来去种植。故选A。
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