Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语单元复习课件围绕“宇宙探索”主题，通过语篇研读（含读前预测、读中结构梳理与细节分析、读后难句解构）与语基训练（核心词汇、短语、句式系统归纳）相结合，构建“语篇理解-语言基础-综合应用”的完整知识网络。 其亮点在于融合思维品质与语言能力培养，如While-reading环节设计段落主旨匹配、细节题及“太空探索意义”的批判性思考问题，语基部分采用“单词派生-短语应用-句型仿写”分层训练，结合高考真题佳句仿写，帮助学生巩固知识并提升语言应用能力，也为教师提供精准复习教学支持。

UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION 主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索 Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 内容索引 语篇研读 细梳理 1 语基自查 固根基　 2 语基讲练 提能力 3 课时测评 4 语篇研读 细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading 1．What can you see in the following pictures? 2．Why does man explore the universe? ___________________________________________ _________________________________ _______________________________________________ ____________________________________ An astronaut The spacecraft The Solar System To help people understand how the universe began. To find out the secrets of the universe. To help humans realise their dream to travel into space. To discover other suitable planets for life. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. What's the main idea of the text? A．To introduce the development of human's space exploration. B．To describe how difficult and dangerous space exploration is. C．To encourage people to respect scientists. D．To compare the space programmes between the US and China. √ Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1　 A．The risks of space exploration. Para.2 B．Man's efforts to realise the dream. Para.3 C．Man's wish to explore the universe. Para.4 D．The bright future of space exploration. Para.5 E．China's progress in space exploration. Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. explore achievements die progress bright Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Read Para.1 and answer the following question. What do scientists do to find out the secrets of the universe? A．Look up at the stars. B．Design vehicles to carry astronauts into space. C．Transmit data back to Earth. D．Establish a space station. √ 2．Read Paras.2-4 and answer the following questions. (1)What does the word “this” in “Following this，there were many more important space achievements.” (Para.2) refer to? A．The launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite. B．Yuri Gagarin's going into space. C．The study of deep space. D．Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon. √ (2)Why do people still want to explore the universe despite the disasters? ________________________________________________________________ (3)What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us? A．China is the third country in the world to send humans into space. B．Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 4 spacecraft. C．China has made great progress in space exploration in recent years. D．The Tiangong Space Station will allow astronauts to conduct experiments. Because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. √ 3．Read Para.5 and answer the following question. What's many countries' attitude to the space exploration? A．Supportive. B．Neutral. C．Objective. D．Negative. √ 4．What do you think of the space exploration？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．If you are determined to be an astronaut，what should you prepare at present？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) __________________________________________________________________________________________________ I think it is of great benefit for us.Through further study of space，people will make full use of it in the future. First of all，I should study hard to get a related college degree.Besides，I must keep mental and physical health. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．Space exploration has come a long way，and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. 结构分析：此句是_________句。and连接两个并列分句，后一分句中，that引导___________从句，在从句中作_____，修饰________；to support life为不定式短语作_____。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ______________________ 并列复合 限制性定语 主语 planets 状语 太空探索已经取得了长足的进步，我们现在希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。 2．Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen. 结构分析：此句是_____句。although引导_________从句。 汉语翻译：_________________________________________________ 3．China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003，when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. 结构分析：此句是_____句。when引导_____________从句，对前面的2003这一先行词作解释说明，when在从句中作_________。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 复合 让步状语 虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。 复合 非限制性定语 时间状语 2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。 4．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 结构分析：此句是_____句。不定式短语to make more...在句中作_____；that引导___________从句，在从句中作_____，不定式短语to survive well into the future作___________。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 复合 宾语 限制性定语 主语 宾语补足语 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来做出更多有价值的发现，能让人类延续生存，直到未来。 Ⅱ.写作佳句 1．教材佳句　Before the mid-20th century，most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However，scientists were determined to realise that dream.(心理描写) 学后仿写　自从她第一次透过望远镜观看夜空后，太空就成了她的梦想，她决心通过成为一名宇航员来实现这个梦想。 Ever since she first looked at the night sky through a telescope，____________ _____________ for her，and _____________________________________ by becoming an astronaut. space has been a dream she was determined to realise that dream 2．教材佳句　However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.(心理描写) 学后仿写　尽管太空任务被推迟，但该团队探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失，反而变得更加坚定。 Even though the space mission was put off，the team's ambition to explore the universe __________ but became more determined. did not die Ⅲ.课文语法填空 　　People have always wanted to know more about space and 1.______(look) up at the stars，wondering about the secrets of space.Before the mid-20th century，most people thought travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However，2.____ the help of scientists，people succeeded in realising their dream to explore space.They made rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite 3._____________ (launch) by the USSR. 4._______________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen.People died during their looked　 with　 was launched Although/Though/While　 missions. These disasters made everyone 5.____________ (disappoint)，but people still believe in the importance of 6._______(carry) on space exploration. In 2003，China became the third country to 7._____________ (independent) send humans into space.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 8.___ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk.In spite of the difficulties，scientists all over the world hope to make more valuable 9._____________ (discovery) that will enable the human race 10._________ (survive) well into the future. 返回 disappointed　 carrying　 independently　 a　 discoveries　 to survive 语基自查 固根基 返回 核心单词——练通 1．____ processing　　　　　 数据处理 2．______ the _________ 发射卫星 3．escape Earth's _______ 摆脱地球引力 4．make ________ to carry people 制造载人的交通工具 5．a travel _______ 旅行社 6．_____ around Earth 绕地球运行 data launch satellite gravity vehicles agency orbit 拓展单词——用活 1．__________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 →intelligence n．聪明；智力 2．________ n．宇宙；天地万物 →universal adj.普遍的；全世界的n.一般概念；一般性 →universally adv.全体地；一致地 3．_________ vt.查明；确定；决定 →determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 intelligent universe determine 4．____________ adj.失望的；沮丧的 →disappoint vt.使……失望 →disappointment n．失望；沮丧 5．______ n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望 →desirable adj.向往的；可取的；值得拥有的 6．____________ adj.独立的；自立的 →independently adv.独立地；自立地 →independence n．独立；独立(日)；自主；自立 disappointed desire independent 规律方法 1．规律：名词＋后缀-al构成形容词 示例：universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全世界的　music n．音乐→musical adj.音乐的；nation n．国家→national adj.国家的 2．规律：名词＋后缀-able构成形容词 示例：desire n．渴望；欲望→desirable adj.向往的；可取的；值得拥有的；reason n．理由→reasonable adj.合理的；comfort n．舒适→comfortable adj.舒适的 阅读单词——识记 1．astronaut training　　 _______训练 2．a medical procedure 医疗_____ 3．a rocket bomb _____弹 4．a frontier town 一个_____小镇 5．a scientific giant 一位科学界的_____ 6．leap over the fence _____栅栏 7．love for mankind 对_____的爱 8．transmit an image _____图像 宇航员 程序 火箭 边境 巨人 跳过 人类 传输 9．unmanned spacecraft 无人_________ 10．take a spacewalk 在_________ 11．jade jewelry _____珠宝 12．a space module 太空___ 宇宙飞船 太空行走 玉器 舱 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．继续做，坚持干　　　 ________ 2．在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 ________ 3．抱着……的希望 _____________________ 4．弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 _________ 5．决心做某事 _____________________ carry on on board in the hope of doing sth figure out be determined to do sth 第二组　英译汉 6．realise one's dream _______________ 7．succeed in doing sth ___________ 8．focus on _______ 9．make sure _____ 10．go wrong ___________________________ 实现某人的梦想 成功做某事 集中于 确保 出现问题，发生故障，出毛病 典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　动词不定式短语作后置定语 教材原句　...and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became ________________ ______________________(世界上第一个进入太空的人). 2．句型公式　while意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句 教材原句　However，_____________________________________________ _______________(尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望)，the desire to explore the universe did not die. 返回 the first person in the world to enter space while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment 语基讲练 提能力 返回 归 纳 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1 determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的(determine vt.查明；确定；决定determination n．决心) (教材原句)However，scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而，科学家们决意要帮助人类实现这个梦想。   be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)　　 佳句 Inspired by her spirit，I am determined to be a person like her.(读后续写之人物描写)被她的精神所鼓舞，我决定成为像她那样的人。 温馨提示　高考中常把be determined to do sth作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有：be lost in，be caught in，be absorbed in等。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①He was determined ________(look)after his parents well and moved to live with them. ②The government's action shows its _____________(determine)to control the situation. ③_____________________________________________________________ (用过去分词短语作状语改写句①) to look　 determination Determined to look after his parents well，he moved to live with them. disappointment n．失望；沮丧(disappoint vt.使失望disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的) (教材原句)However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。   (be)disappointed at/about/with... 对……感到失望　　 (be)disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 (be)disappointed that... 对……感到失望　　 2 归 纳 佳句 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)After being told that the cash machine still did not play along，Gunter let out a long sigh，with a sign of disappointment.(读后续写之动作、神情描写)在被告知自动取款机仍然不配合后，冈特长叹一声，露出失望的迹象。 单句语法填空/对比填空/读后续写之心理描写 ①After his attempt，Campbell was disappointed _________ (learn) that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. ②The sudden rain turned the outdoor picnic into a complete ______________ (disappoint) for the kids. ③One by one，the applicants left the interviewer's office with ____________ looks on their faces.(disappointed/disappointing) ④她对计划的突然变化感到失望，一直期待和朋友们一起去野餐，但开始下雨了。 ___________________________________________________．She had been looking forward to going on a picnic with her friends，but it started to rain. to learn　 disappointment　 disappointed She was disappointed at/about/with the sudden change of plans desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望   (1)desire to do　　 渴望做…… desire sb to do 希望某人做…… desire that... 希望……(从句中用should do结构，should可以省略) (2)have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 　　 佳句 (2023·全国乙卷)As I had a strong desire to learn a new skill，I turned to my mother for help，with whose help I began to learn how to cook during the summer vacation.(应用文之短文投稿)由于我强烈渴望学习一种新技能，我向妈妈寻求帮助，在她的帮助下，我开始在暑假期间学习做饭。 3 归 纳 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She has a strong desire _____ knowledge and wants to go to college very much. ②The teacher desired her students _________ (focus) more on their studies. ③他希望有一天能周游世界。 →___________________________ the world one day. →___________________ the world one day. for　 to focus　 He desired that he could travel He desired to travel carry on继续做，坚持干 (教材原句)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。   4 归 纳 carry on　　 继续做某事 carry out 实施；执行 carry through 渡过难关；完成 carry sb back(to sth) 使某人回想起/回忆起某事 carry off 拿走；夺走 　　 佳句 Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.(读后续写之人物描写)她的勇气使他产生了继续生活和工作的意愿。 语段填空/单句语法填空/应用文写作之活动介绍 ①During the science project，my partner and I had to carry____several experiments. It was challenging，but we decided to carry it _______ and finish it no matter what.On the day of the presentation，we were nervous，but when we saw our results，we were so proud.It carried me ____ to the first time I tried to do a science experiment，and I felt so happy to see how much I had learned. ②The attack is believed to have been carried ____ during the early morning hours. ③You'll have an accident if you carry on _______(drive)like that. ④校队包揽了乒乓球比赛的所有奖项。 The school team ______________________ of the table tennis. out through back　 out　 driving carried off all the prizes signal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志 (教材原句)In 2022，the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，梦天舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。   (1)signal(to)sb to do sth　　 示意某人做某事 signal [(to)sb] that... 示意(某人)…… (2)a signal for sb to do sth 某人做某事的信号 a signal of/that... ……的信号　　 佳句 The coach blew his whistle as a signal for the players to start the game.(读后续写之动作描写)教练吹响了哨子，作为运动员们开始比赛的信号。 5 归 纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①The police signalled the traffic ________(move)forward slowly. ②When he closes his book，it's a signal ____ everyone to stand up. ③Chest pains can be a warning signal ___ heart problems. ④为了不被听到，她向上指了指，表示有人在楼上走动。 In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to ________________ _______________________． to move　 for　 of　 signal that someone was moving about upstairs Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 1 句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语 (教材原句)...and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. ……1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。   归 纳 (1)当被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 (2)抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，courage，opportunity，wish 等后常用动词不定式作定语。 (3)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词时，常用动词不定式作定语。 (4)表示将要发生的动作时，常用动词不定式作定语。　　 佳句 He was the first one to win three gold medals in a single Olympic Games.(人物介绍)他是第一个在一届奥运会上赢得三枚金牌的运动员。 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物描写 ①The next thing ______(do)is to keep the machine on for five minutes. ②The car ____________(buy)next week is for his sister. ③无论发生什么，我们都应该有面对困难的勇气。 Whatever happens，we should have the courage ____________________． to do to be bought to face the difficulties 句型公式：while意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句 (教材原句) However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，尽管这些灾难带来了很多的悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。   连词while的其他用法还有： (1)while作“当……时候，和……同时”讲时，引导时间状语从句； (2)while作“只要”讲时，引导条件状语从句； (3)while作“然而，可是”讲时，连接两个并列句，表示对比关系。　　 佳句 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Some students might have advanced speaking skills while others may struggle with basic conversation.(表达观点)有些学生可能有高级的口语技能，而其他人可能很难进行基本的对话。 2 归 纳 返回 写出下列句中while的含义/读后续写之人物描写 ①While traveling can broaden your mind，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. __________ ②While there is life，there is hope. ____ ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is a must to visit！ __________ ④(2022·全国乙卷)Appreciating English songs is the most likeable，accounting for 65% while browsing English learning websites is the least，only 12%. __________ ⑤虽然他不是最快的，但他的决心让他赢得了比赛。 _______________________，his determination won him races. 尽管，虽然 只要 当……时候 然而，可是 While he is not the fastest 课时测评 返回 基础语境练 Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Police insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _________(程序；步骤)in applying for a visa. 2．The trainees practiced emergency procedures in the flight _______(舱). 3．I want to be an _________(宇航员)，traveling to the moon in a spacecraft. 4．The _______(人造卫星)enables us to calculate their precise location anywhere in the world. 5．With no _______ (重力)，it's just as easy to pedal. procedure module astronaut satellite gravity 6．The driver managed to escape from the _______(车辆)and shouted for help. 7．Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and m_____ health. 8．She s___________ a passing taxi and asked him to take her to the railway station. vehicle ental ignal(l)ed Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共5分) 1．Her ___________ (intelligent) was evident from an early age，solving complex puzzles that even adults found challenging. 2．The scientist spoke about the _________ (universe) laws of physics，which apply everywhere in the universe. 3．His ____________ (determine) was evident in his eyes，promising himself to win the championship despite the challenges. 4．She felt deeply ___________ (disappoint) when the summer camp was canceled，but she found other ways to enjoy her vacation. 5．The young eagle struggled at first，but it quickly became ___________ (independence)，learning to fly on its own. intelligence universal determination disappointed independent Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共12分) 1．不但他而且我都得为此负责。(not only...but also...) ______________________ responsible for it. 2．他的母亲希望他出国。(desire that...) His mother _____________________________． 3．要做的第二件事是我们应该与其他人和睦相处。(动词不定式短语作定语) _____________________ is that we should get along well with others. 4．我们早早来到报告厅，以便能坐在前排座位。(so as to...) We arrived early at the lecture hall _________________________． Not only he but also I am desires that he(should)go abroad The second thing to do so as to sit in the front seats 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·陕西省铜川市高一期末) By 2035，NASA wants to land humans on Mars.But reaching the red planet，on average around 140 million miles away，will be difficult.Colder than Antarctica and with little to no oxygen，Mars is an unfriendly environment. Besides，the longer it takes astronauts to get there and the longer they stay，the more they are at risk. That's why scientists are looking at ways to reduce trip time.Seattle-based company Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies (USNC-Tech) has offered a solution: an NTP engine that could get humans from Earth to Mars in just three months. Such an engine takes advantage of nuclear technology.Currently，the shortest possible trip for an unmanned spacecraft is seven months，but a manned mission is expected to take at least nine months.Shorter missions would limit the astronaut's exposure to space radiation，but there is still concern about the radiation sent out from the nuclear reactor inside the spacecraft.This would be mitigated through the rocket's design. To protect people on the ground，the NTP spacecraft would not lift off directly from Earth，Jeff Sheehy，a NASA scientist，adds.Instead，a regular chemical rocket would carry it into orbit，and only then would it fire up its nuclear reactor.Once in orbit，it could do little harm，as heat radiation cannot move through a vacuum (真空).If disaster hit and the rocket's reactor broke up，the pieces would not land on Earth—or any other planet — for thousands of years.By that time，the radioactive substance would have “naturally got to the point where it wasn't dangerous anymore”． Michael Eades，director of engineering at USNC-Tech，says that nuclear-powered rockets would be more powerful and twice as efficient as the chemical engines used today，meaning they could travel further and faster，while burning less fuel.“Nuclear-powered rockets will be key to opening up the solar system but it could be at least two decades before they are used widely，” he says，adding that numerous demonstrations and tests would need to be carried out before an astronaut is sent to Mars in an NTP rocket. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，讨论了NASA计划在2035年将人类送上火星的挑战，以及Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies (USNC-Tech)公司提出的利用核热推进(NTP)引擎来缩短地球到火星的旅行时间。 1．What does the underlined word “mitigated” in Paragraph 2 mean ? A．Shortened. B．Relieved. C．Achieved. D．Simplified. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Shorter missions...through the rocket's design.”可知，缩短任务时间会减少宇航员暴露在太空辐射中的时间，但依然有人担心航天器内核反应堆的辐射。后文提到这种辐射问题将通过火箭的设计来缓解，由此可推测“mitigated”意思是“减轻，缓和”。选项B“relieved”与“mitigated”意思相近，故选B项。 √ 2．Why is the NTP spacecraft safe according to the text? A．It barely spreads radiation in orbit. B．Its radioactive substance will disappear soon. C．Its broken reactor will be left on Mars. D．It doesn't give out unclear radiation in space. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Once in orbit，it could do little harm，as heat radiation cannot move through a vacuum.”可知，NTP航天器一旦进入轨道，它几乎不会传播辐射，所以它是安全的。故选A项。 √ 3．What do Michael Eades' words indicate about the NTP spacecraft? A．It will fly to Mars without astronauts for tests. B．It has been widely used for NASA． C．It will be a breakthrough in space exploration. D．It carries more fuel than a regular one. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nuclear-powered rockets will be key to opening up the solar system but it could be at least two decades before they are used widely”可知，迈克尔·伊德斯认为核动力火箭将是打开太阳系的关键，但至少需要20年才能广泛使用。由此可推知，核动力火箭将是未来太空探索的一个重大突破。故选C项。 √ 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Deep solar Exploration Is Possible B．NASA Finds the Only Way for Man to Mars C．New Rocket Makes the Trip to Mars More Convenient　 D．New Rocket Could Get Astronauts to Mars Faster 标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是核技术可以使载人航天器更快地到达火星，D项适合作本文的标题。故选D项。 √ B (2025·陕西省咸阳市高一期末) For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon，growing crops will be important.Now，scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface，after showing it's possible to grow thale cress (阿拉伯芥)，a small flowering plant，in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future，longer space missions，we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” Until now，scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So，what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions，researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil，add water，nutrients and light，and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.For comparison，the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils，including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight，the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However，they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. “Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself，” according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very，very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them，with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。 5．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes...set up a lunar settlement.”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义，特别是它对未来太空任务的影响。故选B。 √ 6．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．It has a long evolutionary history. B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. C．People have a good knowledge of its genes. D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，研究人员选择阿拉伯芥进行实验，因为它的基因已经被完全绘制出来。故选C。 √ 7．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They didn't grow well enough. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They absorbed few minerals. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究人员发现月球土壤中的植物生长得不如预期，甚至有些植物生长缓慢或大小不一。故选A。 √ 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn't need any water. B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants. C．Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil. D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Will adding water...in follow-up studies.”可推知，月球土壤中种植植物还存在许多问题，特别是矿物质的反应和水分的影响，研究人员计划在后续研究中进一步解决这些问题。故选D。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·北京朝阳高一期末) Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets，to produce a kind of yogurt.While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves，the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. 1 That's why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario，Canada，decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets.But Pearce's team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. 2 The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. 3 “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food，” he says.“It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using，more or less，has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.” If the idea is sound，a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu，which NASA visited in 2020，could feed between 600 and 17，000 astronauts for a year，says Pearce. 4 A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space.This would take a long time to get everything in place. 5 They plan to start off with coal and then move to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A．It would be impossible for more distant，longer-lasting tasks. B．So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C．Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D．While that might not sound delicious，Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E．They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F．Although there is certainly hope，it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G．The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet's carbon materials. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了一种未来宇航员可能在太空中获取食物的新方法：利用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，类似于酸奶或粉末。如果成功，这种方法可以在小行星上大规模生产食物，为未来的太空探索提供支持。 　　Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets，to produce a kind of yogurt.While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves，the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. __________________ __________________________________________ That's why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario，Canada，decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. 根据空前和空后可知，太空使用的大部分食物来自地球，因此更加遥远且持久的任务是不可能的，因为食物无法供应，因此推断A项“这对于更远距离、更长时间的任务来说是不可能的。”符合语境，并且引出下文的解决办法——尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，故选A。 A．It would be impossible for more distant，longer-lasting tasks. 　　This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets.But Pearce's team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags.__________________________ ___________________________________________________________ The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. 根据前文和后文可知，本段讲述实验过程，因此E项“他们在没有氧气的情况下加热塑料，然后将其喂给一种以碳为食的细菌混合物。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 E．They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. 　　____________________________________________________________ _________________________ “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food，” he says.“It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using，more or less，has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.” 根据后文可知，此处是一位研究人员介绍的研究结果，结合前文应是Joshua Pearce说的话，因此推断D项“虽然这听起来可能不太美味，但皮尔斯表示，这些细菌非常适合人类的需求。”符合语境，承接前一段，介绍实验的食物。故选D。 D．While that might not sound delicious，Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. 　　If the idea is sound，a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu，which NASA visited in 2020，could feed between 600 and 17，000 astronauts for a year，says Pearce.____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 根据前文可知，实验成功后可以在一个500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17 000名宇航员提供食物，因此推断G项“具体数字取决于细菌分解小行星碳物质的效率。”符合语境，与前文语境相符。故选G。 G．The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet's carbon materials. 　　A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space.This would take a long time to get everything in place._______________________________________________________________________ They plan to start off with coal and then move to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. 根据前文和后文可知，在太空运行的“工业级智能机器”需要很长时间才能安排妥当，研究人员计划从煤炭开始研究，因此推断B项“因此，研究人员希望在来年在较低水平上测试这个想法。”符合语境，前后文是因果关系，故选B。 B．So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION 返回 $