Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦情态动词（can/could、may/might、must/have to等）和过去将来时核心语法点，通过语篇阅读感知用法，结合“我的发现”总结规律，系统讲解语法规则并配套“巧学活用”练习，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 资料以真实语篇（如Cassini航天器任务、Della故事）导入，激发学习兴趣并提升语言理解与表达能力。通过对比辨析（如can与be able to）培养思维品质，分层练习助力学生巩固应用。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生自主回顾查漏补缺，提升学习效率。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ——情态动词和过去将来时 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 语法串烧 我的发现 (一) On 15 October 1997，the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Saturn(土星).So great was the distance from Earth that it ①would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.When it reached Saturn，it sent back amazing images of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it ②could collect data.Over the following years，Cassini took some 450，000 images of the planet and its moons.Finally，on 15 September 2017，Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it ③would meet a fiery end.Scientists had decided that Cassini ④must be destroyed this way，so it ⑤wouldn't collide with any of Saturn's moons.In its nearly 20-year mission，Cassini provided so much information that scientists ⑥could not process it all.No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye，saying，“Farewell，dear Cassini！We ⑦shall never forget you！” 　　情态动词是一种本身具有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词表示预测，如①、③和⑤中的would是表示对过去事情的预测，意为“将会”；②和⑥中的could表示能力，意为“能够”；④中的must表示强调，意为“必须，一定要”；⑦中的shall强调意愿，等同于will。 (二) One dollar and eighty-seven cents.That was all she had.Della counted it three times.One dollar and eighty-seven cents.①And the next day would be Christmas.②If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim，③she would need more money.But how could she earn some? Della stood in front of the mirror in her apartment.She looked at her reflection，brushed her long，brown hair，and made up her mind：④she was going to sell her hair.With the money she received for it，⑤she would buy Jim a perfect gift. Della had her hair cut off and sold it for twenty dollars.She spent the next two hours hunting for Jim's gift.She found it at last：a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch，which had been passed down to him from his grandfather.Della paid twenty-one dollars for the watch chain，and hurried home with the remaining eighty-seven cents.She looked at her reflection in the mirror carefully again.She felt nervous.Did she look like a little schoolboy without her beautiful long hair？⑥Would Jim still think she was pretty？⑦She was about to find out. 　　以上黑体句在时态上均为过去将来时，其中句①，③，⑤和⑥表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；②表示“过去曾计划或安排要做”；④表示“过去准备、计划去做”，为主观打算或客观判断；⑦表示过去即将发生的动作。 学生用书第127页 NO.1　情态动词 1．can和could(could是can的过去式，语气更委婉) (1)表示能力 He can use the computer skillfully now，but he couldn't last year. 他现在能熟练地使用电脑了，但去年他不会。 (2)表示可能性(肯定句中表示“一时的可能性”)，意为“有可能；有时会”。 Training by oneself in a gym can be highly dangerous. 一个人在体育馆训练有时会很危险。 (3)表示许可 —Can/Could I have a look at your new pen? —Yes，you can./No，you can't. ——我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ ——是的，可以。/不，不可以。 [温馨提示]　can表示允许时，在疑问句中用 could 更委婉，在回答中一律用 can。 (4)can/could在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑，意为“可能”。 That can't be Mary—she's in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽——她在住院。 Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be? 有人在敲门。可能是谁呢？ (5)can't与enough或too连用，表示“再……也不为过”。 You can't be careful enough. 你再细心也不为过。 [易混辨析]　can与be able to can表示“能力”时，只有can与could两种形式，仅表示具备的能力，不说明是否实施了努力。 be able to表示“能力”时，可以用于各种时态，be able to 用于过去时态表能力时，侧重指经过努力而成功做到某事。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly，but everyone was able to get out. 大火在整个宾馆内迅速地蔓延开来，但每个人都成功逃了出来。 ◎巧学活用1——选词填空 (can，could，can't，couldn't，be able to) ①However great the difficulties may be，we can overcome them. ②It was annoying；I couldn't get access to the data bank you had recommended. ③I'm glad that I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over. 2．may和might (1)表示允许或征询对方许可，might表示更加委婉的语气。(有时可与can/could互换) —May I watch TV after supper? —Yes，you may./No，you mustn't. ——晚饭后我可以看电视吗？ ——是的，可以。/不，不可以。 [温馨提示]　否定回答时，用can't或mustn't，不用couldn't。 (2)表示可能性，might可能性更小。 They might be having a meeting，but I'm not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不确定。 (3)may放在句首可以表示祝愿。 May you have a good time! 祝你玩的高兴！ (4)may/might as well＋动词原形，意为“不妨”。 If that is the case，you might as well try. 如果事情是这样的话，你不妨一试。 ◎巧学活用2——用适当的情态动词填空/补全句子 ①Life is unpredictable；even the poorest may/might become the richest. ②May you be happy every day and succeed in your work! ③—May I smoke in this room? —No，you mustn't/can't． ④I needn't wait.I may/might as well tell you now(不妨现在就告诉你). 学生用书第128页 3．must和have to (1)二者均表示“必须”，但 must 是指说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则强调客观需要。must 用于一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。 I have to wait here because I have no umbrella with me. 我不得不在这儿等，因为我没带伞。(强调客观需要) I must recite the text this morning. 今天早上我必须背下这篇课文。(强调主观意志) (2)must 所构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式通常为needn't 或 don't have to，意为“不必要，不用”，而一般不说mustn't(表示“禁止”)。 —Must we hand in our exercise books today? —Yes，you must./No，you don't have to. ——我们今天必须上交练习册吗？ ——是的，必须上交。/不，没必要。 (3)must 常表示有根据的、比较确定的推测(只用于肯定的陈述句)，意为“一定，必定”。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你的母亲现在一定在等着你。 (4)must含有感情色彩，意为“偏要，偏偏”。 Why must you always interrupt me? 你为什么非要一直打断我呢？ ◎巧学活用3——用适当的情态动词填空 ①If you must smoke，please go out. ②My brother was ill，so I had to call a doctor in. ③—Must I turn down the radio now? —No，you needn't/don't have to． 4．shall和should (1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征询对方意见或请求指示。 Shall I open the window? 我可以打开窗子吗？ Manager，someone is waiting for you.Shall he come in? 经理，有人在等你，他可以进来吗？ (2)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有“允诺，警告，命令，强制，威胁”等意思。 You shall get what you want if you behave well. 如果你表现好的话，你就会得到你想要的东西。(表示允诺) He shall be sorry for it one day；I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。(表示警告) 5．will和would (1)表示请求、建议，would比will更委婉客气。 Would/Will you pass me the ball，please? 你可以把球传给我吗？ (2)表示意志、愿望和决心，would用于过去的情况。 I will help you if you meet with trouble. 如果你有麻烦，我乐意帮你。 She said that she would try her best to help us. 她说她愿意尽自己最大的努力来帮我们。 (3)will表示规律，意为“注定会”，过去时用would。 You will regret forever if you lose this golden chance. 如果错过这次好机会，你注定会终生后悔的。 (4)would表示过去的习惯性动作；而used to表示过去常常做某事，强调现在不是这样了。 Each time his mother's birthday came，he would buy her a present.(表示过去的习惯) 每次到他母亲生日的时候，他都要给她买一件礼物。 My father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.(现在不是这样了) 我父亲年轻的时候总是骑自行车去上班。 ◎巧学活用4——选词填空 (shall，should，will，would，used to) ①You shall/should finish your homework first before you go out and play. ②Would you be kind enough to open the door for me? ③I used to drink coffee，but now I drink green tea. 学生用书第129页 6．need和dare (1)need作情态动词时，表示“需要；必须”；dare表示“敢，敢于”。常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形，否定形式分别为need not和dare not。 You needn't answer him the question immediately. 你不必立即回答他这个问题。 —Need we make the test? —Yes，we must./No，we needn't. ——我们需要做这个试验吗？ ——是的，需要。/不，不需要。 If he dare go，I'll go with him. 如果他敢去，我就跟着他去。 (2)need和dare常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面可接带to的动词不定式。 You don't need to be told twice. 不必告诉你两遍。 Tom didn't dare to do it. 汤姆不敢做那件事。 ◎巧学活用5——用适当的情态动词填空 ①You need not see him off，but I must. ②Dare you go home alone at night? ③—Need I pay the whole amount now? —Yes，you must. ④He asked me whether I dare swim across the river. NO.2　过去将来时 1．基本构成和用法 过去将来时由“would＋动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。 She said that she wouldn't do that again. 她说她再也不会那样做了。 2．其他表达法 (1)was/were going to＋动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算；二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。 I thought it was going to snow. 我认为要下雪了。 (2)was/were to＋动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。 She said she was to get married next month. 她说她计划在下个月结婚。 (3)was/were about to＋动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 那时我正好要上床睡觉，电话铃响了。 (4)was/were＋动词-ing形式：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词有：come，go，leave，arrive，begin，start等瞬间动词。 Jack said he was leaving tomorrow. 杰克说他打算明天动身。 ◎巧学活用6——完成句子 ①我跟他说，我会到车站去给他送行。 I told him I would see him off at the station. ②天空变得黑沉沉的，我们以为要下雨了，不过只是虚惊一场。 The sky went very dark and we thought it was going to rain but it was a false alarm. ③他们说他们打算开个会。 They said that they were going to have a meeting． 学生用书第130页 核心词汇练全 in case 以防；以防万一 (教材原句)In case it happens to you on a trip abroad，what should you do? 以防万一你在国外旅行时遇到这种情况，你该怎么办？ in case of　　　　 假如发生；万一发生 in any case　 无论如何 in no case　 决不(置于句首引起部分倒装) in this/that case　 假使这样/那样的话 as is often the case　 这是常有的事 　　 佳句 The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.(读后续写之动作描写)医生给病人分享了他的电话号码，以防他们需要医疗帮助。 对比填空(in case/in case of)/根据语境选用case的相关短语填空/应用文写作之事物介绍 ①In case your job application is rejected，you should never lose heart. ②Therefore，you need to bring some coats in case of rain. ③Enough space should be given to the kids；in that case，they will get more life experiences. ④It may rain tomorrow，but we are going home in any case． ⑤In no case should we give in to any difficulty. ⑥我经常从这份报纸中得到鼓舞和鼓励，这是常有的事情。 As is often the case，I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from the paper. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $