Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“道德与美德”主题，以林巧稚生平为语篇载体，通过时间线表格导入激活背景知识，Pre-reading建立人物初印象，While-reading从主旨、结构到细节层层深入，Post-reading结合难句解构与写作仿写，构建“输入-内化-输出”的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如While-reading通过时间顺序梳理生平培养逻辑思维，Post-reading仿写教材佳句提升表达能力，语基部分总结构词规律助力学习策略。学生能在语篇分析中提升语言运用与思维能力，教师可依托系统步骤与测评资源高效开展教学。

UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 主题语境：人与自我——道德与美德 Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 内容索引 语篇研读 细梳理 1 语基自查 固根基　 2 语基讲练 提能力 3 课时测评 4 语篇研读 细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading 结合表格，谈谈你对林巧稚的印象。 Time What happened At age 5 Her mother died. At age 18 She chose to work and study. In 1929 She graduated and became a resident physician. In 1939 She studied in the US. In 1941 She opened a private clinic. In 1954 She was elected to the first National People's Congress. In 1983 She died. Possible answer： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ From this form，we can know that Lin Qiaozhi is a famous female physician in the history of China.She devoted all her life to the medical career and was remembered by all of us.We should learn from her to love our country and love our people. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. What's the main idea of the text? A．Lin Qiaozhi made a great contribution to the medical career. B．A brief introduction to Lin Qiaozhi. C．Why Lin Qiaozhi chose to be a doctor. D．Lin Qiaozhi's great achievements. √ Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each part Part 1(Para.1)　　 A．Lin Qiaozhi's brief life experiences. Part 2(Paras.2－5) B．Lin Qiaozhi's achievements. Part 3(Para.6) C．Lin Qiaozhi's firm belief. Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. trust　 carried her through　 single Scholarship　 director　 private clinic a key role　 elected　 50，000　 savings Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Read Part 1 and answer the following question. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By making comparisons. B．By quotation. C．By giving examples. D．By listing numbers. √ 2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions. (1)What kind of attitude did her brother hold to her education? A．Negative.　　　　　　 B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Positive. √ (2)What did Dr Lin do after the OB-GYN department was closed? A．She went to work in another hospital. B．She began to work for the government. C．She requested to hold an important position. D．She started her own clinic. (3)Why did Dr Lin open a private clinic? ________________________ √ To treat the patients in need. 3．Read Part 3 and answer the following questions. (1)What can we know about the life of Dr Lin? A．She had children of her own. B．She devoted herself to the patients. C．She built a kindergarten to help the poor. D．She was interested in the positions in the government. (2)How did she deal with her savings? ______________________________________________________ √ She left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. 4．Read the passage again and answer the following questions. (1)How is the passage developed? A．By following time order. B．By following space order. C．By comparing facts. D．By listing numbers. (2)What kind of person was Dr Lin according to the passage? A．Responsible and caring. B．Strict and selfish. C．Outgoing and amazing. D．Moody and serious. √ √ 5．What was the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the hard choices in her life？(Logical Thinking逻辑性思维) ____________________ 6．What kind of person do you think Dr Lin was？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ People's trust in her. Dr Lin devoted all her life to the people selflessly.She was a loyal patriot，a scientist of the people，a model of the medical profession，a good daughter of the Chinese nation and an outstanding representative of contemporary woman. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices. 结构分析：此句是_____句。句子的主语是____________，谓语动词是_____，us是间接宾语，a look into...是_________；what引导的_____从句作_____的_____。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 复合 These words give 直接宾语 宾语 into 宾语 从林巧稚医生的这番话，我们可以看到这位伟大女性的内心世界，以及到底是什么支撑她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。 2．“...Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees. 结构分析：此句直接引语中的Finding a good husband为动名词短语作_____，谓语动词为__________；thinking of...是现在分词短语作_____。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ___________________ 主语 should be 状语 “……找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。 3．Within six months，she was named a chief resident physician，a position that usually took four years to achieve. 结构分析：此句是_____句。a chief resident physician和a position为_______关系，that引导_____从句，在从句中作_____，不能省略。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ _______________ 4．She greatly impressed her American colleagues，who invited her to stay. 结构分析：此句是_____句。who引导_____________从句。 汉语翻译：____________________________________ 复合 同位语 定语 主语 不到六个月，她就成了住院主任医师，而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。 复合 非限制性定语 美国同行对她印象极佳，邀请她留下。 5．In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but just a few months later，the department was closed because of the war. 结构分析：此句是由but连接的_____句。第一个分句中to be appointed...Hospital作_________，修饰_______；第二个分句中，a few months later作_____状语，because of the war作_____状语。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 并列 后置定语 woman 时间 原因 1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。 6．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime. 结构分析：此句是_____句。though引导_________从句；having delivered...为现在分词的_____式，在句中作_____状语。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ _______________________________ 复合 让步状语 完成 原因 虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。 Ⅱ.写作佳句 1．教材佳句　At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to work and study.(动作描写) 学后仿写　在十五岁时，她没有选择传统道路，而是选择开始自己的在线商业。 At age 15，instead of __________________________，she ____________ her own online business. following the traditional path chose to start 2．教材佳句　To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry，or tired? (心理描写) 学后仿写　当被邀请加入足球队时，约翰拒绝了，说他宁愿专注于学业。 When asked to join the football team，John _______，______ he would rather focus on his studies. refused saying Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Lin Qiaozhi，a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，1.__________(deliver) over 50，000 babies in her career. When she was five years old，her mother's death affected her 2._______ (deep). At the age of 18，she chose to work and study instead of getting married like the majority of 3.______(girl).After graduating from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)，she became the first woman 4.__________ (hire) as a resident physician in the PUMC Hospital.5.______________(work) for a few years，she went abroad for 6._______(far) education.Although she had the chance to work abroad，she returned to China.In 1941，she became the first delivered　 deeply　 girls　 to be hired Having worked　 further 返回 Chinese woman to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.A few months later，7._____ the war broke out，the department was closed.Thinking of all the people 8.___ need of help，Dr Lin set up a private clinic where she lowered the fees for poor patients.Sometimes she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. After the founding of the new People's Republic of China，Lin Qiaozhi 9.______________(appoint) to many important positions，but she was more interested in caring for patients and doing medical research.After she passed away，Dr Lin left her savings to a kindergarten and 10. ___ fund for new doctors. when　 in　 was appointed　 a 语基自查 固根基 返回 核心单词——练通 1．win a ___________　　　　获得奖学金 2．medical _____ 全体医务人员 3．this ________ opportunity 这个宝贵的机会 4．a ________ place 一个遥远的地方 5．the last _______ 最后十年 6．_____ patients 护理病人 7．_______ books 出版书籍 8．stick to your __________ 恪守你的原则 9．the ______ increase 急剧增加 10．_______ plastic bags 代替塑料袋 11．a _____ car 租来的小汽车 scholarship staff precious faraway decade tend publish principles sharp replace hired 拓展单词——用活 1．________ n．结婚；婚姻 →marry vt.结婚 →married adj.结了婚的；已婚的 2．________ n．大部分；大多数 →minority n．少数派；少数民族；少数人 3．_________ vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚 →complaint n．抱怨；牢骚 4．________ vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应 →response n．反应；回答；回复 marriage majority complain respond 5．______ vt.拒绝接受；不录用 →rejection n．拒绝接受；否决 6．_______ vt.任命；委派 →appointment n．任命；约定；委派 7．_____ vt.选举；推选 →election n．选举；推选；当选 8．______ vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出 →retirement n．退休；退职 reject appoint elect retire 9．______ adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 →scare vt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓 10．_________ adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的 →energy n．精力；活力；能量 11．_________ vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 →illustration n．说明；插图；例证；图解 scared energetic illustrate 规律方法 1．规律：动词＋后缀-ment→名词 示例：appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定；委派　retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休；退职 equip vt.配备；装备→equipment n．设备；装备 2．规律：动词＋后缀-ion→名词 示例：illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n．说明；插图；例证；图解　congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词 graduate vi.毕业(尤指中学)；获得学位(尤指学士)→graduation n．(大学或美国高中的)毕业 阅读单词——识记 1．in a moral sense　　　　　 在_____上 2．a faint sound _______声音 3．moral virtue 道德_____ 4．a dilemma situation _____局面 5．next year's tuition 明年的_____ 6．entrust him with the duty 把任务_____给他 7．be sought elsewhere 在_____寻找 8．legal fees 律师___ 9．the Students' Union 学生___ 道义 微弱的 美德 困境 学费 委托 别处 费 会 10．resident physician 住院_____ 11．health insurance 健康_____ 12．a passive attitude _______态度 13．a kindergarten teacher 一位_______老师 14．on behalf of my colleagues and myself 代表我的_____和我本人 15．the saving of electricity ___电 16．a dental clinic 牙科_____ 医师 保险 被动的 幼儿园 同事 省 诊所 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．将……托付给……　　　　　 _________________ 2．被……影响/感染 ______________ 3．帮助某人渡过难关 __________________ 4．易于做某事，往往会发生某事 _____________ entrust sb with sth be affected by carry sb through sth tend to do sth 第二组　英译汉 5．study medicine _________ 6．in need of help _________ 7．over the next several decades ___________________ 8．be responsible for the patients ___________ 学习医学 需要帮助 在接下来的几十年里 对病人负责 典型句式——默背 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级意义 教材原句　...To a person _________________________________ (没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了)... 2．句型公式　would rather do sth宁愿做某事 教材原句　She responded，“___________________________________ (我宁愿一辈子单身，也要终身学习)！” nothing is more precious than their life I'd rather stay single to study all my life 返回 3．句型公式　动词不定式短语作后置定语 教材原句　She immediately became the first woman ever ________________ _________________(被聘任为住院医师)in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 4．句型公式　无灵主语句 教材原句　The new People's Republic of China _____(见证)Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. to be hired as a resident physician saw 语基讲练 提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1 carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关 (教材原句)These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.林巧稚医生的这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑着她渡过充满艰难抉择的一生。 归 纳  carry through　 完成；进行到底 carry out 执行，实行；贯彻；实现 carry on 开展；维持；继续 　　 佳句 His virtue carried him through the moral dilemma.(读后续写之动作描写)他的美德帮助他渡过了那段道德困境。 语段填空/应用文写作之演讲稿 ①That's my study plan for the summer holidays，and I'll try my best to ___________ (实现它). ②Only when you are in good health can you ________ (继续) studying. ③正是我的母亲帮我渡过了我在中学的艰难时光。 It was my mother that _______________________________ in middle school. carry it out　 carry on　 carried me through my hard time majority n．大部分；大多数(major adj.主要的，重要的，大的n.专业，主修课程；主修某科目的学生vi.主修minority n．少数民族，少数派；少数人) (教材原句)At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to work and study.十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择了工作和学习。   the/a majority of　 大多数的…… in the majority 占多数　　 佳句 The majority of tourists will visit the Eiffel Tower when they come to Paris.大多数游客来到巴黎时，都会去参观埃菲尔铁塔。 2 归 纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之环境描写 ①The play is a ______(majority)success，enjoying great popularity among teenagers. ②However，the majority of people ____(be)effective speakers because they are trained to be. ③在我们的社区里，树木占多数，营造了一个绿色宜人的环境。 In our neighborhood，trees are _____________，creating a green and pleasant environment. 温馨提示　minority/majority作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；强调群体中的每一个个体时，谓语动词用复数形式；a/the minority/majority of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视of后名词的单复数而定。 in the majority major are respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(response n．反应；回答；回复) (教材原句)She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！” 她回答：“我宁愿一辈子单身，也要终身学习！”   (1)respond to sb　　 答复某人 respond to sth 对某事做出回应 (2)in response to 作为回应 　　 佳句 He was smiling and responding in pride，looking back at her.(语言、动作描写)他微笑着，回头看着她，自豪地回应。 3 归 纳 单句语法填空/语段填空/句式升级 ①She made no ________(respond)in time，which made me very angry. ②(2023·北京卷)I am writing ____________ (作为回应) your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”． ③_____________________________________________(用动词respond改写句①；把定语从句改为动词-ing形式短语作状语) response　 in response to She didn't respond in time，making me very angry. appoint vt.任命；委派(appointed adj.约定的，指定的appointment n．任命；约会；约定) (教材原句)In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任……   4 归 纳 (1)appoint sb as/to be...　 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 指派某人做某事 (2)keep an appointment 守约 make an appointment with sb 与某人约会；预约 　　 佳句 Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house.(读后续写之动作、心理描写)得知他被任命为队长后，他激动得雀跃着进了家门。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之旅游 ①She was waiting for me at my apartment at the _________ (appoint) time. ②The group decided to appoint him ________ (lead) the new project. ③His ___________ (appoint) was well-received due to his outstanding language skills and cultural understanding. ④体验故宫之美，预约我们的导游，探索其丰富的历史。 To experience the beauty of the Palace Museum，________________________ our tour guide to explore its rich history. appointed to lead appointment make an appointment with tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于(tendency n．倾向，趋势) (教材原句)She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors. 她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。   5 归 纳 tend to do sth　 　 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 tend(to)sb/sth 照料/照看某人/某物 tend to/towards... 趋向……，趋于……　　 佳句 During the summer，I tend my grandmother's garden，watering the plants and removing weeds.(活动介绍) 在夏天，我照看祖母的花园，给植物浇水并除草。 语段填空/单句语法填空/读后续写之人物描写 ①Her writings ______________ (趋于) a more philosophical exploration of life. ②There is a ________ (tend) for people to spend more time on social media than interacting face-to-face. ③他一听到坏消息就会发脾气。 He _____________________ when he hears bad news. tend to/towards　 tendency　 tends to lose his temper sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的(sharply adv.敏锐地；急剧地sharpen v．(使)变得锋利，变得清晰) (教材原句)Many Americans complained about the sharp increase in the cost of health care and health insurance recently.许多美国人抱怨最近医疗保健和医疗保险费用急剧上升。   be sharp with...　 对……严厉　　 佳句 He carried a sharp pocketknife，which was essential for cutting branches and preparing food in the wilderness.(读后续写之人物描写)他携带了一把锋利的折叠刀，这把刀对于切断树枝和在荒野中准备食物至关重要。 6 归 纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物、动作描写 ①The temperature dropped ________ (sharp) overnight，signaling the beginning of winter. ②Through constant practice，she managed to ________ (sharp) her skills in mathematics. ③教练对队员们在练习中表现出的不努力态度严厉批评。 The coach _______________ the team for their lack of effort during practice. was sharp with sharply sharpen Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 1 句型公式：比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级意义 (教材原句)...To a person nothing is more precious than their life... ……对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……   归 纳 最高级意义的多种表达法： (1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than) (2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as (3)比较级＋than＋ (4)can not/can never...too...结构　　 佳句 In my opinion，no other book has had a greater effect on my life.(应用文写作之演讲稿) 在我看来，再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之佳句 ①Tom is more intelligent _____ all the other students in his class. ②You can not be ____ careful when crossing the street. ③多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。 What a wonderful novel！_________________________________． than too I have never read a more moving one 句型公式：would rather do sth宁愿做某事 (教材原句)She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”她回答道：“我宁愿一辈子单身，也要终身学习！”   (1) 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 (2)would rather not do sth 宁愿不做某事 would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事(对现在和将来的虚拟) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人做过某事(对过去的虚拟) 　　 2 归 纳 佳句 Yet，being a fearless teacher who would rather sacrifice her own life than the kids'，Larrane quickly regained her composure and dashed to the front.(读后续写之人物、动作描写) 然而，作为一名无畏的老师，她宁愿牺牲自己的生命也不愿牺牲孩子们的生命，拉兰很快恢复了镇静，冲到了前面。 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I'd rather not ___(go)climbing this weekend. ②Also，I'd rather you _______(stay)at home and read novels with me. ③I would rather you _________ (tell) me the truth about breaking the vase. ④如今，一些青少年宁愿玩手机也不愿与父母面对面交流。 →Nowadays some teenagers _________________________ communicate with their parents face to face. →Nowadays some teenagers ___________________________ communicate with their parents face to face. →Nowadays some teenagers _____________________________ communicate with their parents face to face. go stayed had told would rather play phones than would play phones rather than prefer to play phones rather than 句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语 (教材原句)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。   (1)在the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用动词不定式作定语。 (2)在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后，常用动词不定式作定语。　　 佳句 Jack was the first person to think of a good idea to help Bernard earn some extra money by making popcorn.(读后续写之人物描写)杰克是第一个想出一个好主意来帮助伯纳德通过做爆米花赚些外快的人。 3 归 纳 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①The next man ____________(approach)me was selling expensive pens and watches. ②The chance ______(go)for a picnic has been ruined because of the heavy rain. ③我真的很想采访他，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。 I would really like to interview him because he is not only _________________ ______________ but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. to approach to go the first Chinese to go to space 句型公式：无灵主语句 (教材原句)The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了关键的作用。   (1)see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 (2)与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的修辞手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。　　 佳句 (2022·全国甲卷) The past three decades have seen China's achievements in protecting the oceans.(应用文写作之演讲稿) 过去的三十年已经见证了中国在保护海洋方面的成就。 4 归 纳 返回 英译汉/应用文写作之节日介绍 ①The past few decades have witnessed the sharp development of our country，from standing up bravely，growing rich to becoming strong. _________________________________________________________________________ ②Morning found Christie knitting by the window. ______________________________ ③国庆节期间人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。(see) National Day ______________________________________________． 过去的几十年见证了我们国家的飞速发展，从勇敢地站起来、富起来到强起来。　 清晨，克里斯蒂坐在窗边织毛衣。　 saw people singing and dancing happily in the streets 课时测评 返回 基础语境练 Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．He was ______ (雇用) for a three-month period on a trial basis. 2．The ___________ (奖学金) includes an allowance of 80 dollars for books. 3．Despite what others say，you should stick to your own __________ (原则). 4．We are sorry to inform you that we have to place our order _________ (在别处). 5．I think this dictionary __________ (出版) this year is worthy of being bought. hired scholarship principles elsewhere published 6．Among the most of the participants were students and teaching _____ (员工). 7．After I _______ (退休) from lifelong teaching career，what I miss most are the lovely children. 8．I will never forget the days we spent together in the ________ (遥远的) mountain village. 9．Not until then did I realize that nothing in the world was more p_______ than a sincere heart. 10．In the past several d______，China has dramatically improved the living standards of the ordinary people. staff retired faraway recious ecades Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．My grandfather is as _________(energy)as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day. 2．We have an excellent _________(retire)plan and medical insurance as well. 3．When I was young，I was often asked，“What is your occupation __________ (tend)？” 4．There has been very little _________(respond)to our call for help. 5．I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his _________ (marry)，but I couldn't manage it. energetic retirement tendency response marriage 6．The ________(major)of his books are kept upstairs. 7．During the last ten years，the number of people taking part in physical fitness programmes has been increasing _______(sharp). 8．On the one hand，he had an intention to approach her；on the other hand，he was afraid of her _________(reject). 9．I have an ___________(appoint)with the doctor this afternoon. 10．The final ________(elect)results will be announced on Friday. majority sharply rejection appointment election Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共18分) 1．你在哪儿也找不到比这些更好的玫瑰了。(“否定词＋比级较”结构) ______________________________ than these. 2．人们最后见到那个男孩时他正和一些孩子在河岸上玩耍。(see sb doing sth) ____________________________ the bank of the river with some children. 3．因为不知道他的地址，所以我不能把这本书寄给他。(动词-ing形式作原因状语) _____________________，I can't send this book to him. Nowhere will you find better roses The boy was last seen playing on Not knowing his address 4．他每天总是第一个到达教室的人。(动词不定式作定语) He is always ______________________________ every day. 5．我宁愿睡觉也不愿看这部电影。(would rather do than do) I _____________________ watch this movie. 6．这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。(see) The ancient temple ____________________ of the village in the past two hundred years. the first one to get to the classroom would rather sleep than has seen great changes 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·河北省保定市高一期末) In Phoenix，Arizona，about one in five children is identified with dyslexia(阅读障碍).That means about four students in a classroom of twenty have the problem. Christine Alm，who has the virtue of being ready to help others，is the co-founder of Dyslexia Road and the mother of four children with dyslexia. According to Alm，each diagnosis(诊断)is unique.That can make it difficult to understand a child's learning needs.Alm has recently co-founded Dyslexia Road with three other moms whose children also have dyslexia.The nonprofit organization provides learning resources for children who have the learning disability. Dyslexia means a person has trouble processing written words due to the difficulty of identifying speech sounds.Alm explains that people with dyslexia need more assistance in training their brain to read.But she adds that many people with dyslexia are extremely creative and smart.Whoopi Goldberg，Dav Pilkey and Steven Spielberg are among the famous Americans who have dyslexia. For Alm，the biggest challenge dealing with dyslexia with her own children is the stigma surrounding the topic.She believes that it's helpful to have open and honest discussions.“Dyslexia is nothing good or bad，”she says.“ So children don't need to feel shameful and embarrassed.” Alm and the other co-founders of Dyslexia Road host community events to share resources about dyslexia.On March 2，the organization celebrated its launch with a community gathering.Many people turned up，suggesting to Alm the “power of community”．Dyslexia Road will also host three additional events to connect families with learning experts.Guests will discuss the available educational options，how to get a diagnostic evaluation and more. Additionally，the Dyslexia Road website offers resources like books. “We're excited to get out there and start pushing forward so that people can come together and figure out how to direct this journey，” Alm says. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是克莉丝汀·阿尔姆拥有随时准备帮助他人的美德，她是“阅读障碍之路”的联合创始人，也是四个患有阅读障碍的孩子的母亲。她与其他创始人开创该项目帮助那些具有同样“阅读障碍”的孩子们，并且指导他们能够更好的走完这段旅途。 1．What do the co-founders of Dyslexia Road have in common? A．Their kids are unique and perfect. B．Their kids have the same problem. C．They suffer from learning disability. D．They ignore children's learning needs. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Christine Alm...four children with dyslexia.”以及“Alm has...the learning disability.”可知，阅读障碍之路的联合创始人的孩子们都有着同样的问题即阅读障碍。故选B。 √ 2．What does Alm suggest doing for people with dyslexia? A．Helping them do more brain exercises. B．Making them realise they lack creativity. C．Creating special reading materials for them. D．Encouraging them to turn to their own families. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alm explains...training their brain to read.”可知，对于阅读障碍，阿尔姆建议他们需要更多的帮助来训练他们的大脑阅读。故选A。 √ 3．What does the underlined word “stigma” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Shame. B．Selection. C．Principle. D．Origin. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“She believes...feel shameful and embarrassed.”可知，阿尔姆认为阅读障碍没有好坏之分，故当谈论该话题的时候，不要感到羞耻和尴尬，她之所以这样说，是为了解决她自己的孩子在解决“阅读障碍”过程中面临的最大挑战，即当谈论话题时，孩子们会感觉到羞耻。故画线词的含义与A选项“shame(羞愧)”为同义词。故选A。 √ 4．What's the purpose of hosting the three additional events? A．To find out kids with dyslexia. B．To provide the professional services C．To sell books about mental disability. D．To introduce great people with dyslexia. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dyslexia Road...resources like books.”最后一段“We're excited...direct this journey”可知，之所以举办另外三个活动其目的是给同样遭遇的人们做出合理的指导，为他们提供专业的支持和帮助，这样能够更合理的解决“阅读障碍”这个问题。故选B。 √ B Machine ethics(伦理) is a new field of research that aims to develop moral machines.It's all about creating machines that can make moral decisions based on computer technology.If artificial intelligence (AI) is to be used in the context of machine ethics，then similarly one can call it “Artificial Morality” (AM). While AI's goal is to model people's cognitive(认知的) abilities，AM is about equipping artificial systems with the ability for moral judgment and action. One field of application for moral machines is the care of the elderly. Systems to be used in this context face moral choices like “should the system monitor the user around the clock and what should be done with the data collected？” It is about the privacy of the user and the care of the relatives.A second example of the need for moral machines is autonomous driving.Of particular difficulty are the moral dilemmas(困境) that may be met，such as the need to decide whether to give up a small number of lives to save a larger number if unavoidable. It could be argued，however，that it is not the care system or the autonomous car that make a moral choice in these cases，but the programmers of those devices.But as the advances in artificial intelligence become greater，developers are less able to plan and predict what decisions a system will make in a specific situation.For example，AlphaGo Zero，which first knows only the basic rules of the game Go and then finds the optimal decision-making strategies by playing through a large number of games against itself.In no time，this system beat its former AlphaGo，the first artificial system to defeat some of the world's top human Go players. Therefore，it is necessary to develop machines that have a degree of autonomous moral decision-making though the ethical basis of artificial systems is still not clear.Research groups in academia and in the industry should start thinking about the relations of ethics and safety in AI. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了机器伦理——一个旨在发展道德机器的新研究领域。 5．Which of the following is TRUE about AM? A．It is a moral decision based on technology. B．It aims to copy people's cognitive abilities. C．It enables AI to make moral decisions. D．It gives advice to human on making decisions. 细节理解题。根据第二段“While AI's goal is to model people's cognitive(认知的) abilities，AM is about equipping artificial systems with the ability for moral judgment and action.”可知，AM(人工道德)让AI(人工智能)能够做出道德决定。故选C。 √ 6．How does the writer illustrate the uses of AM? A．By analyzing cause and effect. B．By raising questions. C．By mentioning its advantages. D．By giving examples. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One field of application for moral machines is the care of the elderly.”和“A second example of the need for moral machines is autonomous driving.”可知，作者通过举例说明AM(人工道德)的使用。故选D。 √ 7．What does the writer say about the programmers behind moral machines? A．They are the one virtually in charge of the machines. B．They are incapable of predicting decisions of the system. C．They are the ones who advance artificial intelligence. D．They can find the best decision-making strategies. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But as the advances in artificial intelligence become greater，developers are less able to plan and predict what decisions a system will make in a specific situation.”可知，作者认为道德机器背后的程序员不能预测系统的决定。故选B。 √ 8．What is the best title of the passage? A．Can and Should Machines Act Morally? B．How and Why Machines Make Moral Decisions? C．What Is AM and How Is It Influencing Us? D．How AM Works and Where Its Future Lies? 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Machine ethics(伦理) is a new field of research that aims to develop moral machines.It's all about creating machines that can make moral decisions based on computer technology.”及下文论述可知，文章主要介绍了机器伦理——一个旨在发展道德机器的新研究领域，故A项适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·陕西咸阳高一检测) Moral excellence，as Aristotle says，is a result of habit.By practising the following virtues，your life can completely improve in the form of better relationships，performance，and fulfillment of your dreams. ►Commitment(致力于、承诺) Without commitment，we have little direction or purpose in life. 1 The moment we commit to something，thoughts become action and with true commitment，we become unstoppable.Our commitments either move us towards our goals or further away from our goals. 2 We can continue committing to things that are not working for us or to nothing at all. ►Faith How hard is it to have faith when things are not going well in life？ 3 People have lost their jobs，foreclosed(取消抵押品赎回权)on their homes and lost their insurance.Yet，without faith，it's tough to even get through another day.Having faith provides a spiritual foundation that allows us to push through difficulties again and again. ►Forgiveness Forgiveness can change the course of our lives.It allows us to place our attention on other things in life. 4 If there is someone you have not forgiven，think about how your lack of forgiveness is affecting your life and consider making an apology to the person so that you can live your best life. ►Gratitude Gratitude is one virtue that，if practiced，our lives can improve right away.Our natural tendency is to think negatively，which can hurt our well-being.Gratitude helps us to shift negative thoughts to positive ones. 5 Also，grateful people，according to scientific research，recover more quickly from illness，cope better with stress，and benefit in greater physical health. A．The beauty is that we have a choice. B．And positive thoughts prevent negative emotions. C．There is always something to be grateful for in life. D．Otherwise we may focus our anger and hate on the offender(冒犯者). E．This bad economy has surely tested the belief of many people. F．You need courage to be honest with someone about how you really feel. G．We may easily be affected by our surroundings，rather than being captains of our ships. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章分别阐述了承诺、信仰、宽恕和感激等美德对我们生活的好处。 Moral excellence，as Aristotle says，is a result of habit.By practising the following virtues，your life can completely improve in the form of better relationships，performance，and fulfillment of your dreams. ►Commitment(致力于、承诺) Without commitment，we have little direction or purpose in life. ________ _______________________________________________________________________The moment we commit to something，thoughts become action and with true commitment，we become unstoppable.Our commitments either move us towards our goals or further away from our goals.______________________ _________________We can continue committing to things that are not working for us or to nothing at all. G．We may easily be affected by our surroundings，rather than being captains of our ships. A．The beauty is that we have a choice. 根据上文可知，空前讲的是没有承诺的坏处，人会失去方向，G选项也提到了缺乏目标，不能自己做主，易受周围环境影响，符合语境。故选G。 根据下文可知，接下来做什么在于自己的选择。A项与此处个人选择相符合。故选A。 ►Faith How hard is it to have faith when things are not going well in life？_________________________________________________________People have lost their jobs，foreclosed(取消抵押品赎回权)on their homes and lost their insurance.Yet，without faith，it's tough to even get through another day.Having faith provides a spiritual foundation that allows us to push through difficulties again and again. 下文描述了经济不景气下人们的生活现状，E选项符合语境，且选项中“belief”与本段大标题“Faith”为近义词，属于近义词复现。故选E。 E．This bad economy has surely tested the belief of many people. ►Forgiveness Forgiveness can change the course of our lives.It allows us to place our attention on other things in life._______________________________________ ___________________________If there is someone you have not forgiven，think about how your lack of forgiveness is affecting your life and consider making an apology to the person so that you can live your best life. 上文指出了原谅的好处，可以转移我们的注意力。D选项指出不原谅的坏处，会将我们的注意力转移到冒犯者身上，分别描述了原谅的好处和坏处，符合语境。故选D。 D．Otherwise we may focus our anger and hate on the offender(冒犯者). ►Gratitude Gratitude is one virtue that，if practiced，our lives can improve right away.Our natural tendency is to think negatively，which can hurt our well-being. Gratitude helps us to shift negative thoughts to positive ones. ____________________________________________ Also，grateful people，according to scientific research，recover more quickly from illness，cope better with stress，and benefit in greater physical health. 上文指出了感恩的好处，B选项承接上文，指出了积极的思想的好处，符合语境，且“positive thoughts”与上文“positive ones”指代相同，属于原词复现。故选B。 B．And positive thoughts prevent negative emotions. 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 返回 $