Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“History and Traditions”主题，聚焦英国历史与文化，通过Pre-reading问题激活兴趣，While-reading分主旨归纳、段落匹配、结构梳理、细节解读搭建理解支架，Post-reading以难句解构、写作仿写、语法填空巩固语言能力，形成从输入到输出的完整学习脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质培养，如语篇结构分析提升文本理解能力，文化采风介绍英国国旗、维京人等历史文化现象增强跨文化认知，Critical Thinking问题引导学生思考访问前了解历史的重要性。采用任务型阅读与讲练结合的方法，学生能提升语言运用与文化理解，教师可直接借助系统资源优化教学流程。

UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 主题语境：人与社会之历史、社会与文化 Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 内容索引 语篇研读 细梳理 1 语篇助解 释疑难 2 语基自查 固根基　 3 语基讲练 提能力 4 课时测评 5 语篇研读 细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading If you plan to visit London，what would you like to learn about it? ________________________________________________________________ The location，the famous buildings，British history and culture，and so on. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What is the text mainly about? A．Learning about British English. B．The origin of the British name. C．Learning about a country through its history. D．The geography of the United Kingdom. √ Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1　 A．The UK is a country that is well worth visiting. Para.2 B．The similarities and differences of the four countries that make up the UK. Para.3 C．The four groups of people that influenced the history and traditions of the UK. Para.4 D．People's confusion about the different names of the UK. Para.5 E．How the UK came into being. Ⅲ.Read for the structure Confusion formed work influences London Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Read Paras. 1－2 and answer the following questions. (1)What happened in the 19th century? A．The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. B．The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. C．The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. D．The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK. √ (2)True (T) or false (F). ①All people are confused by what these different names mean.(　) ②Getting to know a little bit about British history will be helpful.(　) ③In the 18th century，Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.(　) F T F 2．Read Paras. 3－4 and answer the following questions. (1)Which of the following is the different area of the four countries? A．Flag.　　　　　　 B．Currency. C．Military defence. D．Legal systems. (2)Who conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings? A．The Romans. B．The Anglo-Saxons. C．The Normans. D．The Vikings. √ √ (3)Why is each part of the UK called “a country”？ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Although they cooperate in some areas，they have some differences，including education systems，legal systems and so on. 3．Read Para.5 and answer the following questions. (1)What's the author's attitude towards studying the history? A．Neutral. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. (2)Why should we learn about the history of a country? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ (3)Why is London a great place to start your visit? ______________________________________________________________________________ √ Because studying the history of a country will help solve your puzzle and make your visit much more enjoyable. Because it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 4．Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) _____________________________________________ 5．If an Englishman plans to visit China in the coming winter vacation，what do you think he should know about China in advance？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) ___________________________________________________________________________ To make your visit much more enjoyable and joyful. A detailed plan，necessary objects and learning about local culture and traditions. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 结构分析：此句是_____句。which引导_____________从句，指代整个主句的内容，其中we have today是省略了关系代词_________的_____从句，修饰the full name。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 复合 非限制性定语 that/which 定语 最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天我们所知的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 2．People from the UK are called“British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. 结构分析：此句是_____句。which引导_____________从句，指代整个主句的内容；means后面是省略了that的宾语从句。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ _______________________ 复合 非限制性定语 联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 3．Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 结构分析：此句是_____句。everywhere意为“_______________”，引导_________从句；who引导_____从句，在从句中作_____。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 复合 无论哪里，到处 地点状语 定语 主语 英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 4．The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 结构分析：此句是_____句。as引导_________从句；that引导_____从句，修饰an ancient port city；dating all the way back to Roman times是动词-ing形式短语作_________，修饰history。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 复合 原因状语 定语 后置定语 以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以一直追溯到罗马时代。 5．If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 结构分析：此句是_____句。if引导_________从句；that引导_____从句。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ______________ 复合 条件状语 宾语 如果用心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。 Ⅱ.写作佳句 1．教材佳句　...many people are confused by what these different names mean.(心理描写——困惑) 学后仿写　坐在教室里，被同学们的喧闹声包围，她感到困惑。 Sitting in the classroom，surrounded by the chatter of her classmates，________________． she felt confused 2．教材佳句　They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.(动作链描写) 学后仿写　她走进了教室，坐在自己的桌子边，打开书本，开始读书。 She _____ into the classroom，____ down at her desk，_______ her book and ______ to read. came sat opened began Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Many people are confused about the 1.________ (mean) of the names：the United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain and England.2._________ (solve) this puzzle，knowing a little bit about British history will help. In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales 3.___________ (join) to the Kingdom of England，followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.4._______ (final)，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away 5._____ the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”．People from the UK are called “British”，6.______ means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. meaning　 To solve　 was joined　 Finally　 from which Even though the four countries which 7._______ (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas，such as using the same flag，sharing the same currency and military 8.________ (defend)，they also have some differences. Anyhow，the United Kingdom has 9.___ long and interesting history to explore，which can help you understand much more about the country and 10.____ (it) traditions. 返回 belong　 defence　 a　 its 语篇助解 释疑难 返回 WHAT'S IN A NAME? 标题赏析该标题用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为文章标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容——名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。 　　The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean．So what is the difference between them，if any？ Getting to know a little bit about British historywill help you solve this puzzle① . what引导宾语从句，作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。 省略句。补充完整为if there is any difference。 单个动词-ing形式短语作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。 ①solve a puzzle解开谜/难题 puzzle/'pʌzl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　In the 16th century，the nearby② country of Wales was joined to③ the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally，in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from④ the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the shortened⑤ name：“the United Kingdom”or“the UK”．People from the UK are called “British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as⑥ Britain or Great Britain. which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；we have today为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the full name。 which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语。 ②nearby/ˌnɪə'baɪ/adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近 ③join... to...把……和……连接或联结起来 ④break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱 ⑤shorten vt.&vi.(使)变短，缩短 (此处shorten与name之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name) shorten... to... 把……简化为…… 构词法后缀-en可用于构成动词，常用于名词或形容词后，表示“使具有某种特性”。 ⑥refer to... as...把……称为…… 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　The four countries that belong to⑦ the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑧. They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as⑨ share the same currency⑩and military defence⑪. However, they also have some differences. For example，England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems⑫. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰flag，相当于非限制性定语从句　which is known as the Union Jack。 ⑦belong to属于 belong/bɪ'lɒŋ/vi.应在(某处)；适应 ⑧area n．熟词生义领域，方面 ⑨as well as同(一样也)；和；还 ⑩currency/'kʌrənsi/n.通货；货币 拓展英国的货币是英镑(pound)，符号是￡ ⑪military defence国防 military/'mɪlətri/adj.军事的；军用的 defence/dɪ'fens/n.防御；保卫 ⑫legal systems法律制度 legal/'liːɡl/ adj.法律的；合法的 派生构词　il-(否定前缀，“不，非，无”)＋legal→illegal(adj.非法的，违法的) 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history. Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded⑬ by evidence of⑭ four different groups of people who took over⑮ at different times throughout history.The first group, the Romans, came in the first century.They built the first towns and good roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced⑯ the beginnings⑰ of the English language，and changed the way people built houses. everywhere在此作连词，引导地点状语从句。 省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 ⑬surround/sə'raʊnd/vt.围绕；包围 ⑭evidence of/for sth某事的证据 evidence/'evɪdəns/n.证据；证明 ⑮take over控制，接管(政党、国家等)；接替，接任，接手 ⑯introduce vt.熟词生义首次引入(某物)，使转入 ⑰beginnings n．前兆；起源；开端 原文呈现 名师圈点 The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind⑱ lots of new vocabulary，as well as the names of many locations⑲ across the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered⑳ England after the well-known Battle㉑ of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built10 all around England, and made changes to㉒ the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into㉓ the English language. group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。 10 “have sth done”结构，表示“使某事被做”。 ⑱leave behind留下；落下 ⑲location/ləʊ'keɪʃn/n.地方；地点；位置 词链　locate(vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点)→location(n.)　→located(adj.位于，坐落在) ⑳conquer/'kɒkə(r)/vt.占领；征服；控制 conqueror n．征服者，占领者，胜利者 ㉑battle/'bætl/n.战役；搏斗 vt.&vi.搏斗；奋斗 battle against与……战斗 battle for为……而战 ㉒make changes/a change to...对……做出改变 ㉓enter into...成为……的一部分 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom．11 Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable．12 The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port㉔ city that has a history dating all the way㉕ back to ㉖ Roman times．13 11 there be句型，to learn为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰much more。 12 “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词的比较级more enjoyable作宾语补足语。 13 as引导的原因状语从句，包含that引导的定语从句(that has a...times)，修饰先行词an ancient port city。dating all the way back to Roman times为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰history。 ㉔port/pɔːt/n.港口(城市) 联想ex-(动词前缀，“出，向外”)＋port→export(vt.&vi.出口) im-(动词前缀，“内，进入”)＋port→import(vt.进口) ㉕all the way 一直 ㉖date back to 追溯到(＝date from) 语用 常用于一般现在时，无进行时和被动语态。常用动词-ing形式作定语或状语。 区别 date from/date back to＋表示具体时间的名词 date back＋表示一段时间的名词 原文呈现 名师圈点 There are countless㉗ historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating㉘ mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open㉙14, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 14 “keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 ㉗countless adj.无数的，数不尽的 构词法-less是否定后缀，表示“不可能……的；无，没有”，常跟在名词的后面，构成形容词。 ㉘fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 词链 fascinate(vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住)→fascinating(adj.)→fascinated(adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的) ㉙keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意 原文呈现 名师圈点 文化采风 1．the Union Jack英国国旗 英国国旗的正式名称是“the Union Flag”，常常被称为“the Union Jack”，由英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的旗帜组成。Jack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜，英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗，因而得名。 2．the Anglo-Saxons盎格鲁—撒克逊人 盎格鲁—撒克逊人是欧洲古代日耳曼人的一支。由盎格鲁和撒克逊人融合而成。公元9世纪，西撒克逊国打败诸国，建立统一的英格兰王国。此后，不列颠岛上的部落逐渐发生融合，形成盎格鲁—撒克逊人，成为后来英格兰人的主要部族。 3．the Vikings维京人；北欧海盗 维京人，斯堪的纳维亚人的一支。大约8世纪入侵不列颠，来自北欧的挪威和丹麦。 4．the Normans诺曼人 诺曼人来自欧洲西北部，1066年诺曼底公爵威廉入侵英国并实现了诺曼王朝对英国的统治。 译文参考 名为何物？ 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称确有不同含义的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天我们所知的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域通力合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即大家都熟悉的米字旗。然而，他们之间仍有一些区别。例如：英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律制度。他们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。他们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ 英国历史源远流长、别有趣味。探索它可以帮助你更加深入地了解这个国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入(英国)。他们建立了第一批城镇、修建了良好的道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达(英国)。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，他们征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并改革了法律制度。他们即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。 返回 英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是个古老的港口城市，其历史可以一直追溯到罗马时代。市内可供探索的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融、新旧传统并存，引人入胜。如果用心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。 语基自查 固根基 返回 核心单词——练通 1．the United _________　 联合王国 2．the ______ causes 最重要的原因 3．the college _______ 附近的大学 4．fishing _____ 渔港 5．a field of ______ 战场 Kingdom chief nearby port battle 拓展单词——用活 1．______ n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 →puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的 →puzzling adj.令人迷惑的；令人费解的 2．_______ n．防御；保卫 →defend v．防御；保卫；辩护 3．_____ adj.法律的；合法的 →illegal adj.非法的 4．________ vt.围绕；包围 →surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 puzzle defence legal surround 5．________ n．证据；证明 →evident adj.显而易见的 6．___________ n．成就；成绩；达到 →achieve vt.完成；达到 7．________ n．地方；地点；位置 →locate vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点 8．___________ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 →fascinate v．吸引 evidence achievement location fascinating 规律方法 1．规律：动词去掉字母e＋-ion构成名词 示例：locate vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点→location n．地方；地点；位置 如：communicate v．交流→communication n．交流 2．规律：动词＋后缀-ment构成名词 示例：achieve vt.完成；达到→achievement n．成就；成绩；达到 如：move v．移动；运动→movement n．移动；运动　　 阅读单词——识记 1．currency exchange　 _____兑换 2．military training _____训练 3．conquer a country _____一个国家 货币 军事 征服 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．把……和……连接或联结起来 　　　　　　　　　 ___________ 2．脱离；背叛；逃脱 _______________________ 3．属于 __________ 4．同(一样也)；和；还 __________ 5．留心；留意 _______________________ join...to... break away (from sb/sth) belong to as well as keep your eyes open (for) 第二组　英译汉 6．make changes to _______________ 7．solve this puzzle _____________ 8．the full name _____ 9．at different times ___________ 10．across the UK ___________ 对……做出改动 解决这个谜题 全称 在不同时代 遍布全英国 典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　动词-ing形式短语作主语 教材原句　_________________________________________ (稍微了解一下英国历史) will help you solve this puzzle. 2．句型公式　have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　_____________________ (他们修建城堡) all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 返回 They had castles built Getting to know a little bit about British history 语基讲练 提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1 puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑(puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的) (教材原句)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。   归 纳 (1)a puzzle to sb　　　 对某人来说是个谜/难题 (2)puzzle over/about sth 苦苦思索 puzzle sth out 琢磨出……的答案　　 佳句 Everybody was puzzled and asked why but Jenny again was speechless. (读后续写之心理、动作描写) 大家都很困惑并问为什么。但是珍妮又一次沉默不语。 练透——选词填空/完成句子 ①To explain the ________ findings，he offers two theories.(puzzled/puzzling) ②The student was ________ about what to do next.(puzzled/puzzling) ③The sudden change in her best friend's behavior was _________(谜)to Emily. ④Jane spent hours ___________________(苦苦思索)the riddle her teacher had given the class. ⑤面对如此多的困难，我感到有点困惑，但是与此同时，我也很高兴。 Faced with so many difficulties，_____________________ but happy at the same time. puzzling　 puzzled　 a puzzle　 puzzling over/about　 I am a little bit puzzled 词汇助记　It puzzled me that the boy was not puzzled about the puzzling question，which was also a puzzle to my classmates. 那个男孩对那个令人困惑的问题并不感到困惑，这令我困惑，对我的同学来说也是个谜。 温馨提示　puzzled常用来修饰人或人的表情等；puzzling常用来修饰事物 归 纳 join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 (教材原句)In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。   join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部 join in 参加(比赛、活动等) join sb in... 和某人一起……　　 佳句 We joined our chorus to another chorus，making a huge singing group.(应用文写作之活动介绍) 我们的合唱团加入了另一个合唱团，组成了一个巨大的合唱团。 2 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In the evening there was a barbecue，with the whole village _______ (join) in the fun. ②Every individual or group _________________(和世界连接)by the Internet. ③得知你对中国武术感兴趣，我真诚地邀请你参加这个活动。 Learning that you are interested in Chinese martial arts，__________________ __________________． joining　 is joined to the world　 I sincerely invite you to join in the activity break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱 (教材原句)Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天我们所知的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。   3 归 纳 break down　　 失败；发生故障；垮掉 break in 打断；插嘴；闯入 break into 闯入…… break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up 终止；分解；解散；破裂　　 佳句 She broke away from the choral room，torn between expectation to show her remarkable talent and anxiety of being teased.(读后续写之心理描写) 她从合唱室里出来，在展示自己非凡才华的期待和被嘲笑的焦虑之间徘徊。 练透——用break的相关短语填空/同义句转换 ①His car ___________ on the way home this afternoon. ②He was charging his mobile phone when the fire __________． ③She is trying to _______________ the bad habit，which makes her parents happy. ④Tom had a bitter quarrel with his friend，which _________ their friendship forever. ⑤______________________________________________________________ (用非谓语动词短语作结果状语改写句④) broke down　 broke out　 break away from　 broke up　 Tom had a bitter quarrel with his friend，breaking up their friendship forever. 归 纳 belong vi.应在(某处)；适应(belongings n．财物；财产) (教材原句)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域通力合作。   belong to　　 属于　　 佳句 The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.(读后续写之主旨升华句) 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 4 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换 ①To pay for training and equipment，he has sold his house and most of his __________ (belong). ②A tiger is a large fierce animal which ___________(属于)the cat family. ③_________________________________________________ (把句②中的定语从句改为非谓语动词短语作定语) 温馨提示　1.belong to不用于进行时与被动语态。2.belong to的动词-ing形式可作后置定语。 belongings　 belongs to A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging to the cat family. 归 纳 as well as同(一样也)；和；还 (教材原句)They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即大家都熟悉的米字旗。   (1)as well as相当于in addition to，是一个连词结构，通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致。 (2)as well表示“也”，相当于too，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。　　 佳句 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youth is of great help to me，offering me inspiration as well as encouragement in time.(应用文写作之事物介绍) 《青春》对我帮助很大，及时给我提供了灵感和鼓舞。 5 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①English，as well as Chinese and maths，___ (be) of great importance. ②Through these courses you will have a good understanding of ____________ _______________________________ (中文和中国文化). ③老师表扬了玛丽亚出色的作文，她的同学们也同样鼓掌。 The teacher praised Maria for her excellent essay，and her classmates applauded ________． 中国元素　Chinese chess dates back to ancient times，through which we possess the opportunity to develop patience as well as wisdom. 中国象棋源远流长，通过下象棋，我们有机会培养耐心和增长智慧。 is　 the Chinese language as well as Chinese culture　 as well 归 纳 defence n．防御；保卫(defend v．保护；保卫；为……辩护)   (1)in defence (of...) 为了保卫(……) (2)defend...from/against... 防御/保卫……免受……　　 佳句 They kept breaking our defences and kept scoring goals.(读后续写之动作、场景描写) 他们不断突破我们的防线并且不断进球。 6 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Qin Dynasty constructed the Great Wall in defence ___ the safety of the nation. ②It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child ____________ harm and danger. ③她退了几步，显得很吃惊，举起了手，好像要自卫。 She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，______________. of　 from/against　 as if in defence 归 纳 surround vt.围绕；包围(surrounding adj.周围的，附近的surroundings n．环境，周围的事物) (教材原句)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。   surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded with/by... 被……包围/环绕　　 7 佳句 On my birthday，my family surrounded me with love and warmth，making it one of the most memorable days of my life.(读后续写之心理描写) 在我的生日那天，家人的爱和温暖包围了我，使这一天成为我一生中最难忘的日子之一。 练透——单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①The village ___________ (surround) by the forest，and looks very beautiful. ②In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new ____________ (surround) soon. ③___________________________________________________ (把句①改为“分词短语作状语”的简单句) 词汇助记　We find ourselves surrounded by many strange plants，and the surrounding scenery is really amazing.This is the very surroundings of nature we have been dreaming of. 我们发现自己被许多陌生的植物包围着，周围的景色令人赞叹，这正是我们梦寐以求的大自然的环境。 is surrounded　 surroundings Surrounded by the forest，the village looks very beautiful. 归 纳 evidence n．证据；证明(evident adj.明显的；显而易见的 evidently adv.明显地；显然)   It is/was evident that... 显然……(＝evidently)　　 佳句 She walked slowly down the road，evidently in serious pain.(读后续写之人物描写) 她沿路慢慢地走着，显然十分痛苦。 8 练透——单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①_________ (evident)，the policy is a great success. ②There is convincing ________ (evident) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing. ③_______________________________________ (用it作形式主语改写句①) Evidently　 evidence It is evident that the policy is a great success. 归 纳 achievement n．成就；成绩；达到(achieve vt.完成；达到 vi.成功)   (1)a sense of achievement　 成就感 make an achievement 取得成就 (2)achieve one's goal 达到目的　　 佳句 He was delighted to receive such impressive recognition for his achievements.(读后续写之心理描写) 他的成就获得大家的认可，他很开心。 9 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I took part in the knowledge competition on garbage sorting，which brought me a great sense of ___________ (achieve). ②We've had a good start，but next，more work needs to be done __________ (achieve)our final success. ③她在工作中取得了巨大成就，赢得了学生们的尊敬。 She ___________________________________ and has won respect from her students. achievement　 to achieve　 has made great achievements in her work Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 1 句型公式：动词-ing形式短语作主语 (教材原句) Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 归 纳 (1)动词-ing形式作主语时往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 (2)动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词常常使用第三人称单数。 (3)动词-ing形式作主语可以用it作形式主语，常见句型有： It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/是在浪费时间。 It is useless/worth/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没有用的/是值得的。　　 佳句 Besides，making a schedule is a must，for good time management will contribute to our efficiency.(应用文写作之倡议书) 此外，制定一个时间表是必须的，因为良好的时间管理将有助于我们的效率。 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①__________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. ②In our darkest hour，their coming to help ____ (be) a great encouragement to us. ③作为一个外向的学生，我能和别人相处得很好。 ________________________ enables me to get along well with others. Travelling　 was　 Being an outgoing student 归 纳 句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材原句)They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并改革了法律制度。   本句中built是动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，与宾语castles之间是被动关系，构成“have＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”结构。 “have＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”结构具有以下几种含义： (1)(主语)请别人做某事。 (2)(主语)遭受不愉快的事情或不测。 (3)(主语)做了或参与做某事。　　 2 佳句 But now，because I have my left foot injured，I cannot go with you as planned.(应用文写作之道歉信) 但是现在，因为我的左脚受伤了，我不能按计划和你一起去。 练透——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①I usually have my clothes ________ (wash) on Sundays. ②She had her wallet _______ (steal) on her way home yesterday. ③Unfortunately，his right leg was injured during the training. →_____________________________________________________ (用“have sth done”改写) 返回 washed　 stolen Unfortunately，he had his right leg injured during the training. 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共7分) 1．His __________ (哲学) of life is to learn，earn，contribute and have fun. 2．There were complaints from ______ (附近的) residents. 3．As the old saying goes，“Together，___________ (个人) can make a difference.” 4．Last week，I went on a business trip to the United ________ (王国). 5．The two sides will ______ (搏斗) it out in the final next week. 6．In 1066，the Normans c________ England and took control of the country. 7．There is e_______ that too much stress can lead to depression. philosophy nearby individuals Kingdom battle onquered vidence Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．He was sitting in a corner，__________ (surround) by two young women. 2．His hometown ___________(locate)in the countryside，where his ancestors once lived. 3．When I was walking on the street，I saw two travelers were reading a map，looking _______ (puzzle). 4．I lived in a small village ______ (join) to the town by a narrow road. 5．If you give away your ________ (locate) to the public，then，well，everyone can know where you are. surrounded is located puzzled joined location 6．The old house _________ (belong) to my grandfather was still in good condition. 7．We are _______ (chief) concerned with improving educational standards. 8．The movie was so ___________ (fascinate) that it held my attention right to the very end. belonging chiefly fascinating Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．为了使旅行愉快，一定要留心观察。(祈使句；keep your eyes open) _____________________ to make your trip enjoyable. 2．在不久的将来去太空旅行将会很普遍。(动词-ing形式短语作主语) _______________________________ in the near future. 3．睡觉前我必须把作业做完。(have sth done) I must _________________________ before going to bed. 4．这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请参加了这个活动。(as well as) ___________________________________________________________________________ 5．他们在这项工作上没有经验是显而易见的。(It's evident that...) _______________ they have no experience in this work. Do keep your eyes open Travelling in space will be common have my homework finished It's evident that The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited to take part in the activity. 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·陕西省西安市高一检测) In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest，there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet，people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony of the French Republic since 1946.In theory，they should live by the French law.However，their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown，thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world. The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area，which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest，with half its population of only 250，000 living in its capital，Cayenne. “I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“I've been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don't see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.” “I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white，which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.” His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文通过一个摄影记者向人们展示了在法属圭亚那的热带雨林深处，仍然有一些不同寻常的土著居民，以及现代法国的生活方式给他们带来的影响。 1．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana? A．They seldom follow the French law. B．They often ignore the Guianese law. C．They are separated from the modern world. D．They are both Guianese and French citizens. √ 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Surprisingly...and their own social customs.”可知，令人吃惊的是，这些人主要靠自己的法律和他们的社会风俗生活。故选A项。 2．Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guiana as ． A．a tour guide B．a geographer C．a film director D．a photographer √ 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句、第五段第一句可推知，他是一个摄影师，故选D。 3．What is Gin's attitude towards the lives of indigenous Guianese? A．Cautious. B．Doubtful. C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative. √ 观点态度题。根据第三段第一、二句可推知，他对法国圭亚那人是欣赏的，故选D。 4．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The modern French lifestyle. B．The self-supporting hunting. C．The uncivilized world. D．The French Republic. √ 代词指代题。根据最后一段最后一句中“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”可知，后面的定语从句中it指现代法国的生活方式。故选A。 B (2025·西安高新一中高一检测) Compared with some other parts of the world，Canada is not a country with a lot of particularly flashy traditions—which isn't to say none exist.In general，it's the aging process，and the various “key dates” that occur as a Canadian moves from babyhood to adulthood that tend to be the most celebrated and ritualized(仪式化的) moments in mainstream Canadian culture. Canadian couples will generally announce their pregnancy with great pride to friends and family as soon as they're aware，and it's common for girlfriends of the expecting mother to organize a baby shower—a small，light-hearted house party—to honour the new mom sometime before she gives birth. Shortly after the child is born，it's similarly customary for friends of the parents to visit and give at least one baby gift，usually a toy or clothes，to express congratulations. If there's one thing Canadians love celebrating，it's the anniversary(周年纪念日) of their own birth.In recent years，birthdays have risen to become one of the most tradition-rich spectacles of Canadian culture.During childhood，most parents will arrange birthday parties for their children on the special day (or the closest available weekend)，a fun excuse for the birthday boy or girl to gather up all their schoolyard friends and spend the afternoon hanging out.In their teenage years and adulthood，they begin to take greater control over their own birthday plans. Completing a period of school in Canada is almost always celebrated with a fancy graduation ceremony.In their final year of high school (and sometimes middle school as well)，students will celebrate the completion of their studies with some sort of party organized by the school，usually known as “grad night”．These usually take the form of a fancy dress party held at a local hotel，complete with a dinner，dancing and lots of awkwardly-posed photographs. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大庆祝出生、生日和毕业的传统习俗。 5．Which is a birth tradition in Canada? A．Holding a baby shower by the elders. B．Visiting the newly-born with a present. C．Keeping the pregnancy a secret to others. D．Gathering friends and relatives for a party. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，在加拿大，孩子出生后，父母的朋友会带着礼物去祝贺。故选B。 6．What do we know about birthday celebrations in Canada? A．Adults don't celebrate their own birthdays. B．The parties are always planned by parents. C．They are popular among Canadian families. D．They are only held on that very day of birth. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，庆祝生日是非常受加拿大人欢迎的传统习俗。故选C。 7．What preparation might students need to do for their graduation ceremony? A．They need to organize a party. B．They need to complete a study. C．They need to learn photography. D．They need to wear special clothes. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，学生需要在毕业典礼上穿特殊服装。故选D。 8．How does the author organize the description of Canadian traditions? A．From general features to specific. B．According to regional differences. C．By comparing traditions worldwide. D．In the order of a child's growth process. √ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In general，it's the aging process，and the various ‘key dates’ that occur as a Canadian moves from babyhood to adulthood...”以及全文的组织方式可知，本文是以一个人成长过程的顺序来介绍加拿大的传统习俗的。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·河北唐山高一上期末) When you hear the word “culture”，you may think of nations or societies. 1____ What is family culture? It is the combination(结合) of values，expectations，and experiences that describes a family and shapes the way its members get along with each other. Everyone has a unique culture that determines who they are as a person.Your family culture helps you understand your traditions and explains the reason for your behavior every day.It's important to you. 2 ____ A deeper sense of unity and togetherness is important for a family culture.The following will help you understand how to uncover your cultural story with your family. 3 ___ You can find out what your family's values are and what they stand for by looking at the traditions around those values.You can do this by talking to people you respect in your family or by using some simple Internet searches. Through looking into your family's history，you will understand the context of their culture. After this，it's time to write a detailed description of your family's culture. 4 __ So you need to take your time with this step.In this description，you need to give a specific account of your family's culture，traditions，values，and history. The last step is to share it with people.You can talk to your family about their culture and let them know that you've written down what they are like.You can also talk to friends who know little about your family's culture. 5 ____ Exploring your family's culture is an exciting process that will bring new meaning to everything you've ever held dear.So start your journey of uncovering it right now! A．This is a key part of the process. B．But every family has a culture，too. C．Know how to talk with your family. D．Start by researching your family's history. E．It also contributes to your family togetherness. F．Then they can start a process of self-exploration. G．So they will know better what your family is all about. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是家庭文化以及怎样找到自己的家庭文化。 When you hear the word “culture”，you may think of nations or societies. 1____________________________________ What is family culture? It is the combination(结合) of values，expectations，and experiences that describes a family and shapes the way its members get along with each other. 由下文“What is family culture? It is the combination (结合) of values，expectations，and experiences that describes a family and shapes the way its members get along with each other.”可知，这里主要介绍什么是家庭文化。B项(但每个家庭也都有一种文化。)符合语境，其中every family has a culture与下文中family culture对应，有启下作用。故选B。 B．But every family has a culture，too. 　　Everyone has a unique culture that determines who they are as a person. Your family culture helps you understand your traditions and explains the reason for your behavior every day.It's important to you. 2_________________ _______________________ A deeper sense of unity and togetherness is important for a family culture.The following will help you understand how to uncover your cultural story with your family. 由上文“Your family culture helps you understand your traditions and explains the reason for your behavior every day.It's important to you.”可知，这里讲家庭文化的作用，E项(它也有助于你的家庭团聚。)符合语境，其中It 指代上文中Your family culture，有承上作用。故选E。 E. It also contributes to your family togetherness. 3_________________________________________ You can find out what your family's values are and what they stand for by looking at the traditions around those values.You can do this by talking to people you respect in your family or by using some simple Internet searches.Through looking into your family's history，you will understand the context of their culture. 由下文“You can find out what your family's values are and what they stand for by looking at the traditions around those values...Through looking into your family's history，you will understand the context of their culture.”可知，本段主要讲要了解你的家族历史。D项(从研究你的家族历史开始。)符合语境，对本段有总括作用，其中researching your family's history与下文中looking into your family's history对应。故选D。 D．Start by researching your family's history. After this，it's time to write a detailed description of your family's culture. 4________________________________ So you need to take your time with this step.In this description，you need to give a specific account of your family's culture，traditions，values，and history. 由上文“After this，it's time to write a detailed description of your family's culture.”可知，这里指要详细写下你的家庭文化，A项(这是该过程的关键部分。)符合语境，其中This指代上文中write a detailed description of your family's culture，有承上作用。且该选项与下文“So you need to...this step.”构成因果关系。故选A。 A．This is a key part of the process. The last step is to share it with people.You can talk to your family about their culture and let them know that you've written down what they are like. You can also talk to friends who know little about your family's culture. 5___________________________________________________ Exploring your family's culture is an exciting process that will bring new meaning to everything you've ever held dear.So start your journey of uncovering it right now! 由上文“The last step is to share it with people...You can also talk to friends who know little about your family's culture.”可知，这里指要和人们分享你的家庭文化，G项(所以他们会更了解你的家庭。)符合语境，其中they指代上文中friends。故选G。 G．So they will know better what your family is all about. 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 返回 $