Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习
语法串烧 | 我的发现 |
The Amber Room was given this name because of several tons of amber ①used to make it.The ②selected amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The government had the room ③designed in the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure ④decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. Later，Catherine Ⅱ got the Amber Room ⑤moved to a palace outside St.Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly，the Amber Room，⑥considered one of the wonders of the world，is now missing. | 1.①②④⑥在句中作定语，其中②为前置定语，①④⑥为后置定语。 2．③⑤在句中作宾语补足语。 3．过去分词作定语时与它所修饰的名词构成被动关系，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，单个的过去分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的前面。过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成被动关系。 |
NO.1 过去分词作定语
一、过去分词作定语时的意义
通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。
Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.
由我带大的她的女儿已经开始工作了。(及物动词短语；被动、完成)
Those repeated efforts are still not enough.
那些反复的努力仍然不够。(及物动词；被动)
The wind swept away the fallen leaves.
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风刮走了落叶。(不及物动词；完成)
[巧学活用1]——过去分词作定语有三种情况
A．只表被动 B．只表完成 C．既表被动又表完成
请选择下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况
①On the other hand，I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.B
②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.A
③It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.C
二、过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的词后面，此时，可转化成相应的定语从句。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognized home of the soup dumpling...
上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡……
(2022·全国乙卷) “It can help to build a community with a shared future for mankind，” he said.
“它有助于建立人类命运共同体，”他说。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden dotted with vibrant colors.(which is dotted with vibrant colors)
我选择画美丽的花园，那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩。
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(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
There has been nothing changed in London since I left it two years ago.
自从我两年前离开伦敦后，它就一直没有什么变化。
[温馨提示] 1.有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。
the room left所剩的空间
the people concerned有关人士
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2．某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。
well-behaved children规规矩矩的孩子
a widely-traveled businessman一个游历广泛的商人
newly-arrived visitors新来的参观者
[巧学活用2]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The beautiful long branches covered (cover) with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone.
(2)同义句转换
③He is a teacher loved by his students.
→He is a teacher who is loved by his students.
④The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
→The student dressed in white is my daughter.
三、过去分词、动词-ing形式和动词不定式作定语的区别
过去分词 | done | 被动关系、动作已经完成 | used books用过的书 cooked food熟食 |
动词-ing 形式 | doing | 主动关系、动作正在进行 | a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子 |
being done | 被动关系、动作正在进行 | the house being built正在建设的房子 | |
动词 不定式 | to do | 主动关系、动作尚未发生 | the guests to come即将到来的客人 |
to be done | 被动关系、动作尚未发生 | the problem to be solved有待解决的问题 |
As we all know，China is a developing country.
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