Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 语法串烧 我的发现 　　The Amber Room was given this name because of several tons of amber ①used to make it.The ②selected amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The government had the room ③designed in the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure ④decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. 　　Later，Catherine Ⅱ got the Amber Room ⑤moved to a palace outside St.Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly，the Amber Room，⑥considered one of the wonders of the world，is now missing. 1.①②④⑥在句中作定语，其中②为前置定语，①④⑥为后置定语。 2．③⑤在句中作宾语补足语。 3．过去分词作定语时与它所修饰的名词构成被动关系，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，单个的过去分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的前面。过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成被动关系。 NO.1　过去分词作定语 一、过去分词作定语时的意义 通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。 Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work. 由我带大的她的女儿已经开始工作了。(及物动词短语；被动、完成) Those repeated efforts are still not enough. 那些反复的努力仍然不够。(及物动词；被动) The wind swept away the fallen leaves. 风刮走了落叶。(不及物动词；完成) [巧学活用1]——过去分词作定语有三种情况 A．只表被动　B．只表完成　C．既表被动又表完成 请选择下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况 ①On the other hand，I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.B ②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.A ③It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.C 二、过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的词后面，此时，可转化成相应的定语从句。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognized home of the soup dumpling... 上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡…… (2022·全国乙卷) “It can help to build a community with a shared future for mankind，” he said. “它有助于建立人类命运共同体，”他说。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden dotted with vibrant colors.(which is dotted with vibrant colors) 我选择画美丽的花园，那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩。 学生用书第100页 (2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 There has been nothing changed in London since I left it two years ago. 自从我两年前离开伦敦后，它就一直没有什么变化。 [温馨提示]　1.有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。 the room left所剩的空间 the people concerned有关人士 2．某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。 well-behaved children规规矩矩的孩子 a widely-traveled businessman一个游历广泛的商人 newly-arrived visitors新来的参观者 [巧学活用2] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The beautiful long branches covered (cover) with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations. ②(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone. (2)同义句转换 ③He is a teacher loved by his students. →He is a teacher who is loved by his students. ④The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. →The student dressed in white is my daughter. 三、过去分词、动词-ing形式和动词不定式作定语的区别 过去分词 done 被动关系、动作已经完成 used books用过的书 cooked food熟食 动词-ing 形式 doing 主动关系、动作正在进行 a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子 being done 被动关系、动作正在进行 the house being built正在建设的房子 动词 不定式 to do 主动关系、动作尚未发生 the guests to come即将到来的客人 to be done 被动关系、动作尚未发生 the problem to be solved有待解决的问题 As we all know，China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 The visitor came from a developed country. 这位游客来自一个发达国家。 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 [巧学活用3] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The cars being sold (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou. ②Tsinghua University，founded (found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. ③There are still many problems to be solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. (2)用分词作定语完成句子 ④尽管仍是夏天，但地上有很多的落叶。 Even though it is still in summer，there are many fallen leaves on the ground. ⑤如今在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。 Nowadays there are a lot of man-made satellites flying in space． 学生用书第101页 NO.2　过去分词作宾语补足语 一、过去分词和宾语之间的关系 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语通常为被动关系；少数不及物动词(如fall，go，change等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时仅表示动作的完成；seat，hide，dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的状态，不表示被动或完成。 I had my watch repaired.我让人修了我的手表。 When she woke up，she found the world changed. 她醒来后，发现世界变了个样。 When I came in，I found the boy hidden behind the door.我进来时发现那个男孩藏在门后面。 二、过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等后面，构成“keep/leave＋名词/代词＋过去分词”形式。 With English words getting popular，a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them，leaving the public divided into two opposing groups：“For” and “Against”．随着英语单词越来越流行，一部汉语字典收集了239个，这让公众分成了相反的两组：一组支持，另外一组反对。 2．用在表示“致使”意义的动词后面，构成“have/get/make＋名词/代词＋过去分词”形式。 They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。(表示“让某事被别人做”。) He is trying to make himself understood. 他在努力把自己的意思说清楚。 3．用在感官动词或表示心理状态的动词后面。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等，构成“see/watch/...＋名词/代词＋过去分词”形式。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 她觉得心里轻松多了。 4．用在表示爱憎、意愿等动词后面，如like，hate，want，wish等，构成“like/hate/...＋名词/代词＋过去分词”形式。 I wish the problem settled at the meeting. 我希望这个问题在会议上被解决。 5．用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around it，her house looks like a beautiful garden. 由于周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，她的房子看上去就像一个漂亮的花园。 [巧学活用4]——用所给词的适当形式填空 ①They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. ②Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed (wash). ③Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused (amuse) with her stories. ④With the problem solved (solve)，the quality has been improved. ⑤The boss wouldn't like the topic discussed (discuss) at the meeting. ⑥He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed (notice). 学生用书第102页 核心词汇练全 charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电 (教材原句)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square，where we could get our car battery charged. 朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给车的电池充电。 (1)in charge of... 主管/看管/负责…… in the charge of 在……主管/看管/负责之下 take charge of... 主管/看管/负责…… free of charge 免费 (2)charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with sth 指控某人某事　　 【佳句】 As for the money you charge，I'm wondering if it covers the entrance fees for visiting the places listed? (应用文写作之询问信) 关于你收取的费用，我想知道它是否包含了参观所列景点的入场费？ 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译/熟词生义 ①She was charged (charge) with speeding after being caught driving over the limit. ②They offered to repair my watch free of charge(免费)since it was still under guarantee. ③The hotel will charge you for(向你收费)any item you consume from the minibar in your room. ④丽莎负责组织活动。 →Lisa was in charge of organizing the activities. →Lisa took charge of organizing the activities. →Organizing the activities was in the charge of Lisa. ⑤If only he had charged his phone before leaving the office，but it was too late.充电 [温馨提示]　1.in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”； 2．in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某事由某人主管”。 announce vt.宣布；通知；声称(announcement n．宣布；通告) (教材原句)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides，we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.当我们最后来到服务台要求提供几台音频导游机的时候，我们听到广播上宣布说音频导游机已经没有剩余的了。 announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事 announce (to sb ) that... (向某人)宣布…… It is announced that... 据宣布……　　 【佳句】 When the host announced that she won the prize，her heart was thumping with excitement.(读后续写之心理描写) 当主持人宣布她获奖时，她激动得心怦怦跳。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①One of the chief leaders is making an important announcement (announce) at the moment. 学生用书第103页 ②Please announce to(宣布)students that the holidays will begin next Monday. ③据宣布，屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。 It was announced that Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine. amount n．金额；数量 (教材原句)We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.我们发现自己被这么多游客和国家美术馆入口处大量的噪音惊呆了。 (1)the amount of... ……的数量 a large/small amount of＋名词[U]＋谓语动词(单数形式) large/small amounts of＋名词[U]＋谓语动词(复数形式) (2)amount to 共计，总计；等于，相当于　　 【佳句】 A small amount of effort each day can lead to significant improvements over time.(应用文写作之建议信) 每天付出一点点努力，随着时间的推移可以带来显著的进步。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换 ①Large amounts of money were spent (spend) on the bridge last year. ②It's estimated that the cost amounts to(总计)10，000 dollars. ③A large amount of money was spent on the bridge last year.(用a large amount of改写句①) approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 (教材原句)Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh's Sunflowers.It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. 朱迪注视着梵高的《向日葵》，但很难接近这幅画，因为周围有那么多人。 (1)an approach to (doing) sth 　　　　　　　 (做)某事的方法/途径；接近，靠近 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 (2)be approaching 正在/将要接近 with ...approaching 在……快到的时候　　 【佳句】 When approaching the finish line，he burst into a big toothy smile and waved to me with excitement.(读后续写之动作、神情描写) 当接近终点线时，他露出灿烂的笑容，兴奋地向我挥手。 【练透】——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①At the meeting，they discussed three different approaches (approach) to the study of maths. ②China's approach to protecting (protect) its environment offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. ③在假期即将到来的时候，人们开始装饰他们的房子。 →People start decorating their houses at the approach of the holiday．(介词短语) →People start decorating their houses when the holiday is approaching．(时间状语从句) →People start decorating their houses with the holiday approaching．(with复合结构) [温馨提示]　an approach to中的to为介词，后面要跟名词或动词-ing形式或代词作宾语。 学生用书第104页 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的(generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 generously adv.宽大地；慷慨地) (教材原句)Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade. 卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里，这个家庭给他们提供自制的黄油和蜂蜜面包。 be generous to sb　　 对某人慷慨/大方 be generous with sth 在某方面慷慨/大方 It is generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方　　 【佳句】 I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your generous help.(应用文写作之感谢信) 我要对你的慷慨帮助表示衷心的感谢。 【练透】——完成句子 ①He is generous with(慷慨)his time，which we all appreciate. ②The old man is generous to(慷慨)those in need. ③你来信对我如此关心，真是太慷慨了。 It's generous of you to write to show me so much consideration. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $