Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking Step One：Pre-reading If you plan to visit London，what would you like to learn about it? The location，the famous buildings，British history and culture，and so on. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What is the text mainly about? A．Learning about British English. B．The origin of the British name. 学生用书第88页 C．Learning about a country through its history. D．The geography of the United Kingdom. 答案：C Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1　A．The UK is a country that is well worth visiting. Para.2 B．The similarities and differences of the four countries that make up the UK. Para.3 C．The four groups of people that influenced the history and traditions of the UK. Para.4 D．People's confusion about the different names of the UK. Para.5 E．How the UK came into being. 答案：Paras.1～5　DEBCA Ⅲ.Read for the structure Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Read Paras. 1－2 and answer the following questions. (1)What happened in the 19th century? A．The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. B．The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. C．The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. D．The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK. 答案：C (2)True (T) or false (F). ①All people are confused by what these different names mean.(F) ②Getting to know a little bit about British history will be helpful.(T) ③In the 18th century，Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.(F) 2．Read Paras. 3－4 and answer the following questions. (1)Which of the following is the different area of the four countries? A．Flag.　　　　　　 B．Currency. C．Military defence. D．Legal systems. (2)Who conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings? A．The Romans. B．The Anglo-Saxons. C．The Normans. D．The Vikings. 答案：(1)D　(2)C (3)Why is each part of the UK called “a country”？ Although they cooperate in some areas，they have some differences，including education systems，legal systems and so on. 3．Read Para.5 and answer the following questions. (1)What's the author's attitude towards studying the history? A．Neutral. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 答案：C (2)Why should we learn about the history of a country? Because studying the history of a country will help solve your puzzle and make your visit much more enjoyable. (3)Why is London a great place to start your visit? Because it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 学生用书第89页 4．Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) To make your visit much more enjoyable and joyful. 5．If an Englishman plans to visit China in the coming winter vacation，what do you think he should know about China in advance？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) A detailed plan，necessary objects and learning about local culture and traditions. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 结构分析：此句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。 汉语翻译：最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天我们所知的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 2．People from the UK are called“British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. 结构分析：此句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容；means后面是省略了that的宾语从句。 汉语翻译：联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 3．Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 结构分析：此句是复合句。everywhere意为“无论哪里，到处”，引导地点状语从句；who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 4．The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 结构分析：此句是复合句。as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰an ancient port city；dating all the way back to Roman times是动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰history。 汉语翻译：以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以一直追溯到罗马时代。 5．If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 结构分析：此句是复合句。if引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：如果用心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。 Ⅱ.写作佳句 1．教材佳句　...many people are confused by what these different names mean.(心理描写——困惑) 学后仿写　坐在教室里，被同学们的喧闹声包围，她感到困惑。 Sitting in the classroom，surrounded by the chatter of her classmates，she felt confused． 2．教材佳句　They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.(动作链描写) 学后仿写　她走进了教室，坐在自己的桌子边，打开书本，开始读书。 She came into the classroom，sat down at her desk，opened her book and began to read. 学生用书第90页 Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Many people are confused about the 1.meaning (mean) of the names：the United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain and England.2.To solve (solve) this puzzle，knowing a little bit about British history will help. In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales 3.was joined (join) to the Kingdom of England，followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.4.Finally (final)，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away 5.from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”．People from the UK are called “British”，6.which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. Even though the four countries which 7.belong (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas，such as using the same flag，sharing the same currency and military 8.defence (defend)，they also have some differences.Anyhow，the United Kingdom has 9.a long and interesting history to explore，which can help you understand much more about the country and 10.its (it) traditions. ◎ ①solve a puzzle解开谜/难题 puzzle/'pʌzl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 ②nearby/ˌnɪə'baɪ/adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近 ③join... to...把……和……连接或联结起来 ④break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱 ⑤shorten vt.&vi.(使)变短，缩短 (此处shorten与name之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name) shorten... to... 把……简化为…… [构词法]后缀-en可用于构成动词，常用于名词或形容词后，表示“使具有某种特性”。 ⑥refer to... as...把……称为…… ⑦belong to属于 belong/bɪ'lɒŋ/vi.应在(某处)；适应 ⑧area n．熟词生义领域，方面 ⑨as well as同(一样也)；和；还 ⑩currency/'kʌrənsi/n.通货；货币 [拓展]英国的货币是英镑(pound)，符号是￡ ⑪military defence国防 military/'mɪlətri/adj.军事的；军用的 defence/dɪ'fens/n.防御；保卫 ⑫legal systems法律制度 legal/'liːɡl/ adj.法律的；合法的 [派生构词]il-(否定前缀，“不，非，无”)＋legal→illegal(adj.非法的，违法的) ⑬surround/sə'raʊnd/vt.围绕；包围 ⑭evidence of/for sth某事的证据 evidence/'evɪdəns/n.证据；证明 ⑮take over控制，接管(政党、国家等)；接替，接任，接手 ⑯introduce vt.熟词生义首次引入(某物)，使转入 ⑰beginnings n．前兆；起源；开端 ⑱leave behind留下；落下 ⑲location/ləʊ'keɪʃn/n.地方；地点；位置 [词链]locate(vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点)→location(n.)→located(adj.位于，坐落在) ⑳conquer/'kɒkə(r)/vt.占领；征服；控制 conqueror n．征服者，占领者，胜利者 ㉑battle/'bætl/n.战役；搏斗 vt.&vi.搏斗；奋斗 battle against与……战斗 battle for为……而战 ㉒make changes/a change to...对……做出改变 ㉓enter into...成为……的一部分 ㉔port/pɔːt/n.港口(城市) [联想]ex-(动词前缀，“出，向外”)＋port→export(vt.&vi.出口) im-(动词前缀，“内，进入”)＋port→import(vt.进口) ㉕all the way 一直 ㉖date back to 追溯到(＝date from) [语用]常用于一般现在时，无进行时和被动语态。常用动词-ing形式作定语或状语。 [区别]date from/date back to＋表示具体时间的名词 date back＋表示一段时间的名词 ㉗countless adj.无数的，数不尽的 [构词法]-less是否定后缀，表示“不可能……的；无，没有”，常跟在名词的后面，构成形容词。 ㉘fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 [词链]fascinate(vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住)→fascinating(adj.)→fascinated(adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的) ㉙keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意 文化采风 1．the Union Jack英国国旗 英国国旗的正式名称是“the Union Flag”，常常被称为“the Union Jack”，由英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的旗帜组成。Jack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜，英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗，因而得名。 2．the Anglo-Saxons盎格鲁—撒克逊人 盎格鲁—撒克逊人是欧洲古代日耳曼人的一支。由盎格鲁和撒克逊人融合而成。公元9世纪，西撒克逊国打败诸国，建立统一的英格兰王国。此后，不列颠岛上的部落逐渐发生融合，形成盎格鲁—撒克逊人，成为后来英格兰人的主要部族。 3．the Vikings维京人；北欧海盗 维京人，斯堪的纳维亚人的一支。大约8世纪入侵不列颠，来自北欧的挪威和丹麦。 4．the Normans诺曼人 诺曼人来自欧洲西北部，1066年诺曼底公爵威廉入侵英国并实现了诺曼王朝对英国的统治。 ◎ WHAT'S IN A NAME? [标题赏析]该标题用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为文章标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容——名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。 　　The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean．So what is the difference between them，if any？ Getting to know a little bit about British historywill help you solve this puzzle① . what引导宾语从句，作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。 省略句。补充完整为if there is any difference。 单个动词-ing形式短语作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。 　　In the 16th century，the nearby② country of Wales was joined to③ the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally，in the 20th century, the 学生用书第91页 southern part of Ireland broke away from④ the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the shortened⑤ name：“the United Kingdom”or“the UK”．People from the UK are called “British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as⑥ Britain or Great Britain. which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；we have today为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the full name。 which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语。 　　The four countries that belong to⑦ the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑧. They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as⑨ share the same currency⑩and military defence⑪. However, they also have some differences. For example，England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems⑫. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰flag，相当于非限制性定语从句　which is known as the Union Jack。 　　The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history. Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded⑬ by evidence of⑭ four different groups of people who took over⑮ at different times throughout history.The first group, the Romans, came in the first century.They built the first towns and good roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced⑯ the beginnings⑰ of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind⑱ lots of new vocabulary，as well as the names of many locations⑲ across the UK.The 学生用书第92页 last group were the Normans.They conquered⑳ England after the well-known Battle㉑ of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built10 all around England, and made changes to㉒ the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into㉓ the English language. everywhere在此作连词，引导地点状语从句。 省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。 10 “have sth done”结构，表示“使某事被做”。 　　There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom．11 Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable．12The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port㉔ city that has a history dating all the way㉕ back to ㉖ Roman times．13 There are countless㉗ historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating㉘ mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open㉙14, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 11 there be句型，to learn为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰much more。 12 “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词的比较级more enjoyable作宾语补足语。 13 as引导的原因状语从句，包含that引导的定语从句(that has a...times)，修饰先行词an ancient port city。dating all the way back to Roman times为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰history。 14 “keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 学生用书第93页 ◎ 名为何物？ 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称确有不同含义的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天我们所知的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域通力合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即大家都熟悉的米字旗。然而，他们之间仍有一些区别。例如：英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律制度。他们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。他们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ 英国历史源远流长、别有趣味。探索它可以帮助你更加深入地了解这个国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入(英国)。他们建立了第一批城镇、修建了良好的道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达(英国)。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，他们征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并改革了法律制度。他们即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。 英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是个古老的港口城市，其历史可以一直追溯到罗马时代。市内可供探索的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融、新旧传统并存，引人入胜。如果用心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。 ◎核心单词——练通 1．the United Kingdom　 联合王国 2．the chief causes 最重要的原因 3．the college nearby 附近的大学 4．fishing ports 渔港 5．a field of battle 战场 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的；令人费解的 2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫；辩护 3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.非法的 4．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.显而易见的 6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.完成；达到 学生用书第94页 7．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点 8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．吸引 1．规律：动词去掉字母e＋-ion构成名词 示例：locate vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点→location n．地方；地点；位置 如：communicate v．交流→communication n．交流 2．规律：动词＋后缀-ment构成名词 示例：achieve vt.完成；达到→achievement n．成就；成绩；达到 如：move v．移动；运动→movement n．移动；运动　　 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．currency exchange　 货币兑换 2．military training 军事训练 3．conquer a country 征服一个国家 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．把……和……连接或联结起来 　　　　　　　　　 join...to... 2．脱离；背叛；逃脱 break away (from sb/sth) 3．属于 belong to 4．同(一样也)；和；还 as well as 5．留心；留意 keep your eyes open (for) 第二组　英译汉 6．make changes to 对……做出改动 7．solve this puzzle 解决这个谜题 8．the full name 全称 9．at different times 在不同时代 10．across the UK 遍布全英国 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　动词-ing形式短语作主语 教材原句　Getting to know a little bit about British history (稍微了解一下英国历史) will help you solve this puzzle. 2．句型公式　have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　They had castles built (他们修建城堡) all around England，and made changes to the legal system. Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑(puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的) (教材原句)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 (1)a puzzle to sb　　　 对某人来说是个谜/难题 (2)puzzle over/about sth 苦苦思索 puzzle sth out 琢磨出……的答案　　 【佳句】 Everybody was puzzled and asked why but Jenny again was speechless.(读后续写之心理、动作描写) 大家都很困惑并问为什么。但是珍妮又一次沉默不语。 【练透】——选词填空/完成句子 ①To explain the puzzling findings，he offers two theories.(puzzled/puzzling) ②The student was puzzled about what to do next.(puzzled/puzzling) ③The sudden change in her best friend's behavior was a puzzle(谜)to Emily. ④Jane spent hours puzzling over/about(苦苦思索)the riddle her teacher had given the class. 学生用书第95页 ⑤面对如此多的困难，我感到有点困惑，但是与此同时，我也很高兴。 Faced with so many difficulties，I am a little bit puzzled but happy at the same time. [词汇助记]　It puzzled me that the boy was not puzzled about the puzzling question，which was also a puzzle to my classmates. 那个男孩对那个令人困惑的问题并不感到困惑，这令我困惑，对我的同学来说也是个谜。 [温馨提示]　puzzled常用来修饰人或人的表情等；puzzling常用来修饰事物 join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 (教材原句)In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。 join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部 join in 参加(比赛、活动等) join sb in... 和某人一起……　　 【佳句】 We joined our chorus to another chorus，making a huge singing group.(应用文写作之活动介绍) 我们的合唱团加入了另一个合唱团，组成了一个巨大的合唱团。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In the evening there was a barbecue，with the whole village joining (join) in the fun. ②Every individual or group is joined to the world(和世界连接)by the Internet. ③得知你对中国武术感兴趣，我真诚地邀请你参加这个活动。 Learning that you are interested in Chinese martial arts，I sincerely invite you to join in the activity． break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱 (教材原句)Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天我们所知的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 break down　　 失败；发生故障；垮掉 break in 打断；插嘴；闯入 break into 闯入…… break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up 终止；分解；解散；破裂　　 【佳句】 She broke away from the choral room，torn between expectation to show her remarkable talent and anxiety of being teased.(读后续写之心理描写) 她从合唱室里出来，在展示自己非凡才华的期待和被嘲笑的焦虑之间徘徊。 【练透】——用break的相关短语填空/同义句转换 ①His car broke down on the way home this afternoon. ②He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke out． ③She is trying to break away from the bad habit，which makes her parents happy. ④Tom had a bitter quarrel with his friend，which broke up their friendship forever. ⑤Tom had a bitter quarrel with his friend，breaking up their friendship forever. (用非谓语动词短语作结果状语改写句④) 学生用书第96页 belong vi.应在(某处)；适应(belongings n．财物；财产) (教材原句)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域通力合作。 belong to　　 属于　　 【佳句】 The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.(读后续写之主旨升华句) 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换 ①To pay for training and equipment，he has sold his house and most of his belongings (belong). ②A tiger is a large fierce animal which belongs to(属于)the cat family. ③A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging to the cat family. (把句②中的定语从句改为非谓语动词短语作定语) [温馨提示]　1.belong to不用于进行时与被动语态。2.belong to的动词-ing形式可作后置定语。 as well as同(一样也)；和；还 (教材原句)They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即大家都熟悉的米字旗。 (1)as well as相当于in addition to，是一个连词结构，通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致。 (2)as well表示“也”，相当于too，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。　　 【佳句】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youth is of great help to me，offering me inspiration as well as encouragement in time.(应用文写作之事物介绍) 《青春》对我帮助很大，及时给我提供了灵感和鼓舞。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①English，as well as Chinese and maths，is (be) of great importance. ②Through these courses you will have a good understanding of the Chinese language as well as Chinese culture (中文和中国文化). ③老师表扬了玛丽亚出色的作文，她的同学们也同样鼓掌。 The teacher praised Maria for her excellent essay，and her classmates applauded as well． [中国元素]　Chinese chess dates back to ancient times，through which we possess the opportunity to develop patience as well as wisdom. 中国象棋源远流长，通过下象棋，我们有机会培养耐心和增长智慧。 defence n．防御；保卫(defend v．保护；保卫；为……辩护) (1)in defence (of...) 为了保卫(……) (2)defend...from/against... 防御/保卫……免受……　　 【佳句】 They kept breaking our defences and kept scoring goals.(读后续写之动作、场景描写) 他们不断突破我们的防线并且不断进球。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Qin Dynasty constructed the Great Wall in defence of the safety of the nation. ②It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child from/against harm and danger. ③她退了几步，显得很吃惊，举起了手，好像要自卫。 She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence． 学生用书第97页 surround vt.围绕；包围(surrounding adj.周围的，附近的surroundings n．环境，周围的事物) (教材原句)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded with/by... 被……包围/环绕　　 【佳句】 On my birthday，my family surrounded me with love and warmth，making it one of the most memorable days of my life.(读后续写之心理描写) 在我的生日那天，家人的爱和温暖包围了我，使这一天成为我一生中最难忘的日子之一。 【练透】——单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①The village is surrounded (surround) by the forest，and looks very beautiful. ②In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings (surround) soon. ③Surrounded by the forest，the village looks very beautiful. (把句①改为“分词短语作状语”的简单句) [词汇助记]　We find ourselves surrounded by many strange plants，and the surrounding scenery is really amazing.This is the very surroundings of nature we have been dreaming of. 我们发现自己被许多陌生的植物包围着，周围的景色令人赞叹，这正是我们梦寐以求的大自然的环境。 evidence n．证据；证明(evident adj.明显的；显而易见的 evidently adv.明显地；显然) It is/was evident that... 显然……(＝evidently)　　 【佳句】 She walked slowly down the road，evidently in serious pain.(读后续写之人物描写) 她沿路慢慢地走着，显然十分痛苦。 【练透】——单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①Evidently (evident)，the policy is a great success. ②There is convincing evidence (evident) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing. ③It is evident that the policy is a great success. (用it作形式主语改写句①) achievement n．成就；成绩；达到(achieve vt.完成；达到 vi.成功) (1)a sense of achievement　 成就感 make an achievement 取得成就 (2)achieve one's goal 达到目的　　 【佳句】 He was delighted to receive such impressive recognition for his achievements.(读后续写之心理描写) 他的成就获得大家的认可，他很开心。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I took part in the knowledge competition on garbage sorting，which brought me a great sense of achievement (achieve). ②We've had a good start，but next，more work needs to be done to achieve (achieve)our final success. ③她在工作中取得了巨大成就，赢得了学生们的尊敬。 She has made great achievements in her work and has won respect from her students. 学生用书第98页 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：动词-ing形式短语作主语 (教材原句) Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 (1)动词-ing形式作主语时往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 (2)动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词常常使用第三人称单数。 (3)动词-ing形式作主语可以用it作形式主语，常见句型有： It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/是在浪费时间。 It is useless/worth/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没有用的/是值得的。　　 【佳句】 Besides，making a schedule is a must，for good time management will contribute to our efficiency.(应用文写作之倡议书) 此外，制定一个时间表是必须的，因为良好的时间管理将有助于我们的效率。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Travelling (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. ②In our darkest hour，their coming to help was (be) a great encouragement to us. ③作为一个外向的学生，我能和别人相处得很好。 Being an outgoing student enables me to get along well with others. 句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材原句)They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并改革了法律制度。 本句中built是动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，与宾语castles之间是被动关系，构成“have＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”结构。 “have＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”结构具有以下几种含义： (1)(主语)请别人做某事。 (2)(主语)遭受不愉快的事情或不测。 (3)(主语)做了或参与做某事。　　 【佳句】 But now，because I have my left foot injured，I cannot go with you as planned.(应用文写作之道歉信) 但是现在，因为我的左脚受伤了，我不能按计划和你一起去。 【练透】——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①I usually have my clothes washed (wash) on Sundays. ②She had her wallet stolen (steal) on her way home yesterday. ③Unfortunately，his right leg was injured during the training. →Unfortunately，he had his right leg injured during the training. (用“have sth done”改写) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $