UNIT 10 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR（教师版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂同步复习（北师大版）

英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 SECTIONⅢGRAMMAR 语法。体悟精析 对应学生讲义P14 几种过去时态的被动语态 语境美文 语法感悟 Once when I was a child,I 1.was cheated by my younger (1)被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承 brother. 受着或受事者。 One day in a winter,I 2.was given some cherries by my (2)被动语态都必须有be和done。 neighbor,Aunt Li.At that time,no cherries,which 3.were (3)被动语态与时态融合使用，不会独立 thought to be rare and very expensive,4.were not planted in 存在。 our area,especially in winter.They 5.had been transported (4)从美文中可以看出： from the south.My brother told me that cherries 6.couldn't 1,2,3,4,7和8是过去时的被动 be eaten before they 7.were washed and cleaned with river wa- 语态。 ter.So I 8.was told to fetch some clear water from the river 5和9是过去完成时的被动语态。 not far from home.I was happy to go to the river and soon came 6是含有情态动词的过去时被动 back.But when I got home,all the cherries 9.had been eaten up. 语态。 ◆[语境感悟] 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动 The concept was first talked about as long ago as in 词之间是“施事”还是“受事”关系，分为主动语态和 the 1920s. 被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所 早在20世纪20年代，人们开始谈论这个概念。 表示动作的施事者、执行者；而被动语态表示主语 Soon the game was being played in universities 是谓语动词所表示动作的受事者、承受者。主动句 across the United States. 变为被动句时，其宾语在被动语态句子中一般成为 很快，这项活动就在美国各大学内举行。 主语。动词的语态和时态融合在一起，不可分离、 He said the work would be finished in a week. 不可独立存在。 他说这项工作将在一周后完成。 过去时态的被动语态主要有四种： She told me that a wonderful play was going to be 一般过去时的被动语态 put on at this theatre. 过去进行时的被动语态 她告诉我这家剧院将上演一出精彩的戏剧。 过去完成时的被动语态 She did so well that she was to be rewarded. 过去将来时的被动语态 她做得很好，应该得到奖励。 Ⅱ.基本用法 1.一般过去时被动语态的用法 1.基本构成 ①一般过去时的被动语态，其基本用法是：表示 时间 构成 过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性 般过去时 的被动动作。 was/were done ◆[语境感悟 过去进行时 was/were being done A new shop was built last year. would be done 去年新建了一家商店。 过去将来时 was/were to be done His seat was given to an old man. was/were going to be done 他的座位让给了一位老人。 过去完成时 had been done The boy was brought up in the welfare institute. 这个男孩是在福利院被抚养大的。 ·20· UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS She was called her nickname when she was young. ◆[语境感悟] 她小时候有人叫她的绰号。 The electricity supply had been cut off for ten ②一般过去时被动语态的肯定句、否定句、一般 hours before it was restored. 疑问句和特殊疑问句： 供电中断了十个小时才恢复。 ◆[语境感悟] The flowers had not been watered for a week by The computers were bought last week. yesterday. 这些电脑是上周买的。 到昨天为止，已经一个星期没有浇花了。 The computers were not bought last week. The bridge had been damaged several times by 这些电脑不是上周买的。 the enemy before it was finally built. Were the computers bought last week? 这座桥在最终建成之前已被敌人破坏了好 这些电脑是上周买的吗？ 几次。 When were the computers bought? ◆[即学活用2]一完成句子 这些电脑是什么时候买的？ ◆[即学活用1]一句型转化 1When I got there,all the work had been fin- DThey built a new house at the foot of the hill. ished(所有的工作已完成). -A new house was built at the foot of the 2By the end of last year,five new schools had hill. been set up(建起了五座新校). 2 The neighbour upstairs disturbed me last 3 Before the ambulance arrived,the injured night. driver had been sent to the hospital(受伤的司 I was disturbed by the neighbour upstairs 机已被送往医院). last night. 3.过去进行时被动语态的用法 3The nurses took good care of my father in the 过去进行时被动语态的基本用法如下： hospital. (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，即某 -My father was taken good care of by the 事正在被做。 nurses in the hospital. 句中往往含有表示过去的时间状语then,at 2.过去完成时被动语态的用法 that moment,at that time,at the time,this (1)表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的被动动作， time yesterday等。句子没有时间状语时，需要 即某事在此之前已经被做。 根据上下文判断是否使用过去进行时的被动 过去完成时的被动语态可以表示在过去某一时 语态。 间或动作之前被完成的动作。这个过去的时间 ◆[语境感悟] 常用by,before等介词短语或时间状语从句来 The road was being repaired when I got there. 表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或上下文 我到那儿时，路正在修理。 中得到提示。 The house was being cleaned yesterday morning. ◆[语境感悟] 昨天上午房子正在打扫。 The forest had been destroyed just before the The flowers were being watered then. law was passed. 就在法律通过之前，森林已经被毁坏了。 当时正在浇花。 (2)表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行的被动 It was reported that several people had been ar- 动作。 rested. 据报道已有数人被捕。 ◆[语境感悟] How many English words had been learned by The plan was being discussed by them the whole the end of last term? morning yesterday. 到上学期末已经学了多少个英语单词？ 昨天整个上午他们一直在讨论这项计划。 (2)表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间 Corn was being harvested all autumn. 过去完成时的被动语态可以表示从过去某一时 整个秋天都在收割玉米。 间开始、一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作。 He realised that he was being cheated. 主句中常含有for引出的“时间段”状语。 他意识到自己正在受骗中。 ·21 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 ◆[即学活用3]一语法填空 I believed that Jack was going to write a letter DAfter school we went to the reading room to to Tom. do some reading,only to be told that it was 我相信杰克会给汤姆写信的。（主动） being decorated(decorate). -I believed that a letter was going to be written 2We didn't get into the room.A thief was being to Tom by Jack. questioned(question)then. 我相信有封信会由杰克写给汤姆。 (3)was/were to be done 3I had to walk to work because my car was be- ◆[语境感悟] ing repaired(repair). The transportation department said the line was 4.过去将来时被动语态的用法 to be opened to traffic next week. (1)would be done 交通部门说该线路将在下周通车。 ◆[语境感悟] She did so well that she was to be rewarded. I knew that the books would be given to the 她做得很好，应该得到奖励。 students. All the questions were to be answered at once. 我知道这些书将发给学生。 所有问题都应该立即回答。 She asked whether their plan would be consid- ◆[即学活用4]一语法填空/句型转换 ered with great care. DHe told me that his book would be published 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。 (publish)the next month. (2)was/were going to be done 2We were going to built a new bridge across ◆[语境感悟] the river. -A new bridge was going to be built across I thought Sally was going to make a big dinner. 我认为萨莉会做一顿丰盛的晚餐。 the river. 3The government was to carry out a great pro- -I thought a big dinner was going to be made gram. by Sally. -A great program was to be carried out by 我认为一顿丰盛的晚餐会由萨莉来做。 the government. 课时。素养提升 对应学生课时P9 [基础性] 6.I was sent to the village last month to see how I,单句语法填空 the development plan had been carried (carry) 1.When the results of our research were analysed (ana- out in the past two years. lyse),we noticed something very surprising. 7.Steam engines were used (use)to pull the carri- 2.Because this experiment had been attempted(at- ages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for tempt)before,we were able to use some of the the passengers,with all the smoke and noise. work those researchers did to help us with our 8.It was the first time that he had been bitten experiment. (bite)by a dog. 3.The positive effects of this community on its 9.Li Ping said that his bike was being repaired people were confirmed(confirm)by the results (repair)then. of the research we did last year. 10.The flowers were so lovely that they were sold 4.My parents were being looked after (look after) (sell)in no time. in a care home in the community where they had [应用性] always lived. Ⅱ.完成句子 5.I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived 1.This kind of computer was made in that compa- here for five years and I was shocked (shock) ny last year. when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that 这种电脑是去年那家公司生产的。 2.She was unaware that she was being filmed. time. 她不知道有人在拍摄她。 ·22· UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS 3.I received the sad news that he had been killed in "There's a huge need for this.I could really a motorcycle accident. relate to a lot of the women who reached out,and 我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事 it made me realize that what I was doing was really 故中丧生。 important,.”said Starks..“What got me the most 4.I had to go to work by taxi because my car was was seeing the kids smile."Given that there was being repaired at the garage. less than two weeks before the start of school, 我得乘出租车去上班，因为我的车正在修理厂 Starks knew she needed to enlist help. 修理。 [语篇解读]本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了单 5.He said his son was not allowed to use the com- 亲妈妈Brittany Starks为那些支付不起孩子编头 puter without permission. 发辫子费用的单亲家庭的孩子免费编辫子的故事。 他说在没有许可的情况下他的儿子不能使用这 1.What got Brittany Starks to offer her hair braid- 台电脑。 ing service? [综合性] A.A post on Facebook. I.阅读理解 B.Her friend's timely help. A C.Her mother's advice. "Anyone knows single parents who can't af- D.A trip to her kids'school. ford to get their child's hair done for school?I will 解析：B[细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句 braid(编辫子)it for free!”Brittany Starks wrote "She decided to offer her hair braiding service on a Facebook post. after a family friend delivered backpacks full of She decided to offer her hair braiding service school supplies,clothing and shoes for Cayden after a family friend delivered backpacks full of and Ceniyah in early August.”和第三段第一句 school supplies,clothing and shoes for Cayden and "The unexpected gift made a big difference to Ceniyah in early August."At the time,I didn't Starks and her children,and it motivated her to have anything for my kids to start school,"said pay it forward.”可知，朋友的及时帮助对Britta Starks,who is in between homes and staying with her mother.“It meant so much to me.” ny Starks产生了重大影响，促使她为孩子提供 免费编辩子服务。故选B。] The unexpected gift made a big difference to Starks and her children,and it motivated her to 2.What does Starks say about hair braiding? A.It's a bit dear. pay it forward.Starks,who works two reception- ist jobs,also braids hair part-time."The hair- B.It's time-wasting. braiding process involves washing,blow-drying, C.It's an easy job. and finally dividing the hair into small sections and D.It's a mother's duty. braiding it.It also requires multiple supplies-in- 解析：A[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的 cluding combs,brushes,hair jam and additional ".The hair-braiding process involves wash- pieces of hair to weave in.It costs anywhere from ing,...It costs anywhere from 150 to $400 at $l50to$400 at a salon(美发厅)，depending on a salon(美发厅)，depending on the style,..” the style,"Starks explained."But it can last for 可推知，编辩子并不是一件简单的事情，还有一 months and is a huge timesaver in the mornings." 点儿贵。故选A。] When she wrote the Facebook post,she as- 3.How does Starks feel about the response to her sumed only a handful of people would reach out, Facebook post? but before she knew it,she had 35 appointments A.Rather disturbing. booked.Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of B.Beyond expectation. messages from single parents,whose stories of C.Far from satisfactory. hardship and financial challenges mirrored her own. D.Very disappointing. ·23· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 解析：B[推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When have.He triggered my compassion-I found myself she wrote the Facebook post,she assumed only feeling empathy for him.I had the choice to move a handful of people would reach out,but before towards separation or connection.Were there many she knew it,she had 35 appointments booked. ways in which he and I are very different?Abso- Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of messa- lutely!Are there many ways in which we are a- ges from single parents,..”可知，Starks认为 like?Absolutely!I can reflect on times when I Facebook上的回应出乎意料。故选B。] was in a situation I had never expected,times when 4.What can we infer about Brittany Starks from I felt broken,times when I felt at a low point,and the text? times when I needed someone to stop and acknowl- A.She is single with one child. edge me as he may have been feeling this morning. B.She is ambitious and arbitrary. [语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过 C.She is in need of helping hands. 作者在晨跑中遇到的流浪汉这件小事，明白了人需 D.She is free from financial worries. 要与外界保持联系。 解析：C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中 5.Why did the author stop under a bridge? 的“There's a huge need for this.”和“Given that A.To greet two homeless people. there was less than two weeks before the start B.To take a break. of school,Starks knew she needed to enlist C.To get a water bottle. help.”可推知，Starks需要寻求帮助来进行自己 D.To ask for help. 的服务。故选C。] 解析：B[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When B I stopped under a bridge for a moment of shade" I was out for my usual morning run and found 可知，作者在晚夏时跑步，炎热难耐，希望喝一杯 myself in the late summer heat,wishing I had 水。所以，其在桥下停下来是为了躲避炎热，进 taken a water bottle.When I stopped under a 行短暂的休息。故选B。] bridge for a moment of shade,I saw two young, 6.What does the underlined word "crave"in Para- scruffy men standing next to their sleeping bags. One smiled and gently raised his hand as if motio- graph 2 mean? ning "hello"but didn't say a word.He wasn't ask- A.Praise. B.Describe. ing for anything.I smiled and made the same mo- tion back to him. C.Have a desire for. As I started back on my run,I thought about D.Develop a dislike in. how much we all crave a connection.In that mo- 解析：C[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的 ment,this homeless man seemed to want to con- 下文“In that moment,this homeless man seemed nect more than he wanted food or money.We have to want to connect more than he wanted food or all had experiences of feeling separate and lonely.I money.”可知，作者感慨人类渴望与他人联系， have felt lonely being in a relationship that was 画线词表示“渴望”。故选C。] void of emotional connection.Feeling separation 7.Which word can describe the author's feeling doesn't have anything to do with being alone.Be- after meeting the homeless people? ing with people is about the human desire to feel A.Sorrowful. B.Relieved. connected by being seen and valued by another C.Embarrassed. D.Thankful. person.If your tendency is to spend time alone, 解析：D[观点态度题。根据文章第三段中的 practice saying yes to invitations.Practice moving "After encountering him,I felt more grateful- towards rather than away from people. appreciating all that I have.He triggered my We all benefit from connections.That home- compassion-I found myself feeling empathy for less man impacted my day.After encountering him.”可知，在遇见他之后，作者更加珍惜感恩 him,I felt more grateful-appreciating all that I 所拥有的。故选D项。] ·24· UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS 8.What is the best title of the passage? 1.A.responsibility B.burden A.Connection!We Need It! C.dream D.career B.Homeless People Need Care 解析：D[句意为：我选择这个职业是因为我小 C.A Meaningful Day 时候去医院的经历。根据下文中的“Although D.Ask for Separation the doctors and nurses did a great job,hospitals 解析：A[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主 weren't really designed for 2.I stayed 要说明了人需要与外界保持联系。故选A。] there feeling_3 and a little bored.”和第 Ⅱ.完形填空 三段中的“Being a clown doctor means I can help Scientific studies show that laughter produces people by 4 them.”可知，儿时去医院 chemicals to make people feel better,which means 时体验到的害怕和无聊使作者选择小丑医生这 clown doctors can be helpful. 个能让病人心情变好的职业。故选D]。 I chose this 1 because of my experience of 2.A.patients B.clowns going to hospital when I was a kid.Although the C.children D.parents doctors and nurses did a great job,hospitals 解析：C[句意为：尽管医生和护士做得很好，但 医院的确不是为儿童设计的。根据空前的“I weren't really designed for 2.I stayed there 1 feeling 3 and a little bored. chose this because of my experience After years'special training,I work as part of of going to hospital when I was a kid.”和空后一 a programme known as "hospital clowning".Being 句“I stayed there feeling3 and a little bored.”以及常识可知，孩子喜欢去开心的地方， a clown doctor means I can help people by 4 作者小时候觉得医院是个令孩子们害怕和无聊 them. 的地方，不是给孩子们设计的。故选C。] One day,5 my curly rainbow wig and big 3.A.frightened B.absorbed red nose,I walked into the waiting area,where C.tired D.confused there was a familiar atmosphere of 6 and ten- 解析：A[句意为：我待在那里感到害怕，有点 sion.At that time I spotted a small girl 7 in 无聊。根据下文中的“I walked into.,a famil- pain,with her ankle was twice its 8 size.Her iar atmosphere of_6_and tension.”可推 9 parents were sitting uncomfortably on plas- 知，作者小时候去医院会有紧张和害怕的感觉。 tic chairs,trying their best to comfort the nervous 故选A。] and crying girl. 4.A.teasing B.entertaining While the doctor concentrated on 10 her C.comforting D.educating ankle,I got her 11 by doing a magic trick.Al- 解析：B[句意为：作为一个小丑医生意味着我 though she was clearly still in some pain,her 可以通过逗人们开心来帮助他们。根据第五段 scared and anxious look had been 12 -first by 中的“Although she was clearly still in some a small smile and then by loud laughter as I magi- pain,her scared and anxious look had been cally produced her sock from out of my pocket. 12 -first by a small smile and then by loud Seeing their daughter so much happier 13 laughter as I magically produced her sock from made her parents more relaxed.My magic medicine out of my pocket..”可知，作者作为小丑医生的职 did indeed seem to do the trick. 责就是逗人们开心。tease意为“戏弄”；entertain Even today,I still 14 a big smile as I re- 意为“使快乐；娱乐”。故选B。] member all the fun and laughter of the day.After 5.A.putting on B.working on all,it is true that 15 is the best medicine. C.taking on D.relying on [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作 解析：A[句意为：有一天，我戴上我的彩虹卷 者从事小丑医生这个职业的原因和作者给患者与 假发和大红鼻子，走进等候区，那里有一种熟悉 自己带来的快乐。 的无聊和紧张的气氛。根据下文中的“my curly ·25· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 rainbow wig and big red nose”可知，为了达到搞 解析：C[句意见上一题解析。根据下文中的 笑效果，小丑医生工作之前会戴上彩虹卷假发和 "Although she was clearly still in some pain, 红鼻子。put on意为“穿上；戴上”；take on意为 her scared and anxious look had been 12 “承担；呈现”；rely on意为“信赖”。故选A。] -first by a small smile and then by loud laugh- 6.A.sacrifice B.embarrassment ter as I magically produced her sock from out of C.boredom D.criticism my pocket..”可知，作者用魔术吸引了孩子的注 解析：C[句意见上一题解析。根据第二段中的 意。故选C。] "I stayed there feeling 3 and a little 12.A.replaced B.relieved bored.”可知，作者熟悉这种无聊的气氛。sacri- C.removed D.reflected fice意为“牺牲”；embarrassment意为“尴尬”； 解析：A[句意为：虽然她显然还有些疼痛，但 boredom意为“无聊”；criticism意为“批评”。故 她恐惧和焦虑的神情首先被一个微笑取代了， 选C。] 然后当我魔法般地从我的口袋里拿出她的袜子 7.A.crying B.running 时，她发出了响亮的笑声。根据空后的“first by C.reading D.standing a small smile and then by loud laughter'”可知， 解析：A[句意为：那时，我注意到一个小女孩 孩子原来的恐惧和焦虑被开心取代了。故 痛苦地哭着，她的脚踝是正常脚踝大小的两倍。 选A。] 根据下文中的“trying their best to comfort the 13.A.in return B.in turn nervous and crying girl'”可知，小女孩在哭泣。 C.in vain D.in question 故选A,] 解析：B[句意为：看到他们的女儿如此快乐， 8.A.normal B.formal 相应地，也让她的父母更放松。根据上文中的 C.accurate D.appropriate “Seeing their daughter so much happier”可推 解析：A[句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知， 知，看到孩子开心，家长也会感到放松。n 小女孩是来医院看脚踝的，她的脚踝应是肿到正 return意为“作为回报”；in turn意为“相应地”； 常脚踝的两倍大。故选A。] in vain意为“徒劳”；in question意为“讨论中 9.A.ambitious B.anxious 的”。故选B。] C.careful D.disappointed 14.A.stick B.strengthen 解析：B[句意为：她焦急的父母不安地坐在塑 C.enter D.wear 料椅子上，正尽力安慰这个紧张的、正在哭泣的 解析：D[句意为：即使在今天，当我想起那天 女孩。根据上文中的“At that time I spotted a 所有欢乐和笑声时，我仍然面带笑容。根据下 small girl 7 in pain,with her ankle was 文中的“as I remember all the fun and laughter twice its 8 size”和下文中的“trying of the day”可知，作者想到那天的欢乐和笑声 their best to comfort the nervous and crying 时，自然也会面露笑容。故选D。] gl”可知，小女孩脚踝肿得很厉害，一直在哭，她 15.A.pain B.magic 的父母此时应是感到焦虑。故选B。] C.laughter D.behaviour 10.A.operating B.experiencing 解析：C[句意为：毕竟，笑确实是最好的良药。 C.controlling D.examining 根据文章第一段“Scientific studies show that 解析：D[句意为：当医生集中精力检查她的 laughter produces chemicals to make people 脚踩时，我用一个魔术吸引了她的注意。根据 feel better,which means clown doctors can be 语境可知，孩子脚踝出问题了，医生应给她检查 helpful..”由文章内容可知，小丑医生通过逗人 脚踝。故选D项。] 们开心帮助孩子和家长，给他们带来了笑声，抚 11.A.attraction B.admission 慰了他们紧张不安的心灵，所以，笑是灵丹妙 C.attention D.assumption 药。此处为原词复现。故选C。] ·26·