UNIT 10 SECTION Ⅱ LESSON1（学生版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂同步复习（北师大版）

英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 SECTION I LESSON 1 HOW CLOSE 课文。对照鼎 [教材原文] Research shows the average person only has regu- lar communication with between seven and fifteen peo- ple,and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.However,per- haps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think."Six Degrees of Separation"refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other per- son through a chain of no more than five other people. The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s.The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929,in which he introduced the idea of friendship net- works and his ideas influenced many of our early im- pressions of social networks. In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two scien- tists to prove the theory mathematically;but after twenty years,they still had not had any success.In 1967,an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory,which he called the "small-world problem".He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.The people sending the packages only knew the name,job and general location of the stran- ger.Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger.Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.Amazingly,it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels deliv ered,and once released,the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.It was this research that inspired the phrase "Six Degrees of Separation”. ·6… LY CONNECTED ARE WE? 泽疑 [汉语译文 研究表明，普通人只与7至15个 人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的 交流实际上只发生在5到10个最亲 近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界 上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。 “六度分隔”理论(theory)说的是地球 上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个 人一连串(chain)与一个陌生人联系 起来。 这个概念早在20世纪20年代就 被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考 林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》 一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概 念，许多早期关于社交网络（net- work)的构想(impression)都受到他 思想的影响。 20世纪50年代，两位科学家试 图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年 过去了，仍未成功。1967年，美国社 会学家(sociologist)斯坦利·米尔格 兰姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理 论，他称之为“小世界问题”。米尔格 兰姆在美国中部随机(random)抽取 一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸 塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄 送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓 名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格兰姆 告诉这些人先把包裹寄给他们认为 有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。一 旦此人收到包裹(parcel),他或她就 会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹 被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶 的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人 就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经 公布(release),便发表在双月(bi monthly)刊《今日心理学》上。正是 这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说 法(phrase习语)。 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS In the last few decades,the theory and the phrase 在过去的几十年里，这一理论和 have appeared again.Its name was used as the title of a 说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标 play and then a film.Then,more films and TV pro- 题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一 grammes based on the concept were made and broad- 理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例 cast.For example,the Oscar-winning film Babel is 如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基 based on the concept of "Six Degrees of Separation". 于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所 The lives of all the characters were closely connected, 有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他 although they did not know each other and lived thou- 们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连 sands of miles apart.The television series Lost also ex- 续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的 plored the idea of "Six Degrees of Separation",as al- 理论，刷中失事飞机上几乎所有人物 most all the characters had randomly met each other, 此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认 or had met someone the other characters knew,before 识的人。上世纪90年代中期，美国 they were all in the same plane crash.In the mid- 两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这个 1990s,two college students in the United States inven- 游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将 ted a game.The idea of the game was to link any actor 任意一个演员与著名美国演员、音乐 to Kevin Bacon,a famous American actor and musici- 家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏 an,through no more than six links.Soon the game was 很快在美国的大学里流行起来。 being played in universities across the United States. 2003年，哥伦比亚大学试图在互 In 2003,Columbia University tried to recreate 联网上重现米尔格兰姆的实验，被称 Milgram's experiment on the Internet.This became known 为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实 as the "Columbia Small-world Project".The experi- 验涉及24163个电子邮件链接，覆盖 ment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target peo- 了来自13个国家的18个目标人物。 ple in 13 different countries.The results confirmed 实验结果证实，联络串上的连接平均 that the average number of links in the chain was six. 数量是6个。 Most recently,an experiment in 2011 at the Uni- 最新的是2011年米兰大学的一 versity of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交 million social media users and found that 92 percent 媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用 were connected by only four stages,or five degrees of 户只需通过四个阶段（即五度分隔）， separation. 就可建立联系。 So,think about it for a minute:How might you be 所以，思考一下这个问题：你与 connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or 你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送 the person who delivers your parcels? 包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？ 新知。点点突破 重点词汇 ●拓展单词 ●基础单词 1. t.给…留下印象；使钦佩；使 1. n.学说，理论 敬仰→ n.印象，感想→ 2. n.一连串，一系列；链子，链条 adj.令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的；印 3. adj.随机的，随意的 象深刻的 4 n.包裹；邮包 2.month n.月，月份→ adj.每 t.&.n.发表，发布；释放 月的，每月一次的→ adj.两 6. n.成语，习语；警句 月一次的，一月两次的 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 核心短语 1.communicate 与/和…交流，联系 2.be close 与……亲近 3.refer 指的是…；参考/参阅… 4.a chain 一连串的 5.make an attempt sth.尝试做某事 6.test theory验证一个理论 7.be delivered 被递送到… 8.be based 以…为依据 9.link... 把…与…连接/联系起来 10.no more 仅仅：只有 框架句型 l.“Six Degrees of Separation”refers to the theory that any person on earth can be con- nected to any other person.... “六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何一个人 都能…与一个陌生人联系起来。 that引导的同位语从句。 ● 课文。 I.Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph. A.Stanley Milgram tested the theory suc- cessfully. B.Who invented the theory? C.What does“Six Degrees of Separation” refer to? D.The result of Columbia University's study. E.How did the theory influence the enter- tainment industry? F.The result of the Milan University's study. G.How closely connected are you? Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 Para.6 Para.7 2.Amazingly,it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered,and once released,the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology To- day. 令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个 人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公 布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 (1)It takes sb.to do sth.句型 (2)get sth.十宾语补足语句型 (3)省略的状语从句：连词十-ed分词 3.It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”. 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 强调句：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/ who+剩余部分。 篇章理解 Il.Read the texts and finish the following exercises. 1.Who invented the theory "Six Degrees of Separation"? A.Stanley Milgram. B.Two college students. C.Frigyes Karinthy. D.Columbia University. 2.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.The result of Columbia University's study confirmed that the average num- ber of links in the chain was six. B.The result of the Milan University's study inspired the phrase "Six Degrees of Separation”. C.In the 1950s,more films and TV pro- grammes based on the concept were made and broadcast. D.The concept“Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about as long ago as in the 1930s. 3.What does the concept "Six Degrees of Sep- aration'”mean? A.People can be connected by six degrees. B.People can be separated by six degrees. C.People can be connected through a chain of no more than five other people. D.People can be separated through six oth- er people. 核心词汇 1.impression n.印象，感想 (1)give an impression of 给人…的印象 leave/make a ..impression on sb. 给某人留下…的印象 have a(n)...impression of 对…有…的印象 be under/have the impression that... 认为/记得… (2)impress ut.使（人）印象深刻 be impressed by/with 对…印象深刻 impress sb.with sth. 使某人对某事印象深刻 impress sth.on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事 ◆[经典佳句 My first impression of him was favourable. 他给我的第一印象不错。 The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me. 老师让我铭记英语的重要性。 Actually,I have a good impression of him. 实际上，我对他印象非常好。 Students often have the impression that English is very difficult to learn. 学生常常觉得英语很难学。 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS 4.Who tested the theory by using a new method and inspired the phrase "Six De- grees of Separation"? A.Frigyes Karinthy. B.Stanley Milgram. C.Kevin Bacon. D.Psychology Today. 5.How many methods or experiments are mentioned to confirm the theory in the pas- sage? A.3. B.4. C.5. D.6. 层层精析 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 单句语法填空 DIt's a wise choice to wear the traditional Chinese dress which can leave a good (impress)on the ex- change students. 2Her words impressed themselves my memory. 3I'm quite sure that you will be impressed the beauty of the city. ◆[“四翼”考查]—一创新性 一句多译 ④他的讲座给学生们留下了深刻的印象。 a.His lecture b.The students c.The students d.He 2.random adj.随机的，随意的；奇怪的，不同 寻常的n.随意，任意 (l)a random sample随机抽样 (2)at random随便地；任意地 (3)randomly adv..任意地；随便地 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 ◆[经典佳句] The interviews were given to a random sample of students. 随机抽选出部分学生进行了采访。 The librarian took a book at random from the shelf. 图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。 The winning numbers are randomly select- ed by computer. 中奖号码是由电脑随机选取的。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 ①They were (random)di- vided into four groups and exposed to va- rious noise levels in the background. 2 We received several answers,and we picked one random. ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 完成句子 3It's better to read a few books carefully than to read many (随便地). ④The survey used (一 份随机抽样)of two thousand people across the Midwest. 3.release vt.&n.发表，发布；释放 release from 把…从…解脱出来 release to向…发行 ◆[经典佳句] Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and re- lease oxygen. 植物可以吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。 Now,many films aim to release at the same time around the world. 现在，许多电影都是在世界范围内同时发 行的。 He felt relieved for his son had been re- leased from prison. 他感到如释重负，因为他的儿子从监狱里放 了出来。 [辨析比较] relieve,release 着重指减轻或暂时解除（痛苦、负 relieve 担等) release 指从根本上免除、解除 ◆[“四翼”考查]—基础性 写出下列句子中release的汉语意思 DIt's reported that Taylor Swift's new al- bum is to be released in 2024. 2She burst into tears,releasing all her de- pressed emotions. 3He refused to release her arm. 4He was released from prison yesterday. ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 完成句子 ⑤That movie is January. 那部电影将在1月份上映。 重点句型 1.(教材P,)Amazingly,it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels deliv- ered,and once released,the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psy chology Today. 令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个 人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布， 便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 (1)It takes sb.to do sth.句型 [句式结构]It takes sb.to do sth.做某事 需要某人… ◆汇规律总结] (1)It takes (sb.sth.to do sth. (某人)花费某物做某事 (2)sb.spends some time/money on sth. 某人在某事物上花一些时间/钱 sb.spends some time (in )/money (on)doing sth. 某人花一些时间/金钱做某事 (3)sb.pays some money for sth 某人花一些钱买某物 (4)sth.costs sb.some money. 某物花某人一些钱 ◆[经典佳句] This student seems to have spent much time on this piece of writing. 这名学生似乎在这篇文章上花了很多时间。 She spent a good deal of time going over your paper. 她花了许多时间反复研究你的论文。 I have to pay 150 yuan for the sewing ma- chine. 我得花150元买这台缝纫机。 The repairs to the computer cost me over 200 yuan. 修这台电脑花了我200多元。 ◆[“四冀”考查]一基础性 单句语法填空 ① takes two pupils to lift up the desk. 2They spent the rest of the morning (wander)in the streets. 3It took me quite a long time (understand)the meaning of the painting. ◆[“四冀”考查]一应用性 选词填空：take/spend/pay/cost 4The writing of the book her ten years of hard work. 5 We got to the hotel,and I twenty yuan for the taxi. ⑥He a small fortune on impro- ving his property. ⑦It several programmers to de- velop the program. ◆[“四冀”考查]—创新性 翻译句子 ⑧建一所房子需要10个工人花半个月的 时间。 (2)get sth.十宾语十宾语补足语 [句式结构]get/have sth.done sth.与 done构成动宾关系。 ◆[规律总结了 (1)get sth.done使某事被做；请/让别人 做某事；遭遇某事 (2)get sb./sth.to do sth.让某人/某物 去做某事 (3)get sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物 一直做或保持某动作 (4)get sth./sb.adi.使某人或某物处于 某种状态 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS ◆[经典佳句] You must get the work done by Friday. 你必须在星期五以前把工作做完。（主 语做) John got his bad teeth pulled out yesterday. 约翰昨天把他的坏牙拔掉了。（别人做） The barber got his finger cut while shaving for his customer. 理发师在为顾客刮胡子时把手指割伤了。 If you are late again,I'll get you standing there. 如果你再迟到，我就叫你站在那儿。 ◆[误区规避]一语法填空 The woman wanted to get her novel (publish)but in vain. (可能失误)填to publish (正确表达)填published (火眼金睛)novel与publish构成动宾关系， 故publish应为被动。故填published ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 单句语法填空 DMy father is really stubborn.I can't get him (change)his mind. 2Claire had her luggage (check)an hour before her plane left. 3Even if it is hot,you had better not get the air-conditioning (run) all the time. 4My brother got his left leg (break)while playing football yesterday. ◆[“四冀”考查]—应用性 完成句子 ⑤You should (让你的朋友来帮你). 6They tried their best to (让校园变得更美丽). ⑦I found my letters (被撕成了碎片)after I opened the drawer. 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 (3)once released [句式结构]状语从句的省略 ◆汇规律总结] 当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的 主语与主句主语一致（或者从句主语是 it),且从句谓语含有be动词时，为了简 练，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起 省略。 状语从句省略后的结构模式： 连词十现在分词/过去分词/介词短语 名词/代词/形容词/副词 ◆[经典佳句] Once opened,the museum will be very pop- ular with the citizens. 一旦开放，博物馆将非常受市民欢迎。 While at college,I began to know him,a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有 能力的学生。 He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were)to take charge. 即使他来负责，他也解决不了这个问题。 She looked anxious as though (she was)in trouble. 她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。 While (he was)a young boy,he was always ready to help others. 他在孩提时代就总是乐于助人。 [名师点津] 主从主语一致时，从句含有be动词；为了简 练皆省去，剩下表语和分词。 已形成固定结构的省略： if possible如果可能的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 ifso如果是这样的话if not如果不；不然 的话 if ever如果曾经（做过）if any如果有 ·12 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 单句语法填空 ①Once (see),it can never be for- gotten. 2The resident stood up as if (say)something. ③Though very (tire),he kept on working 4No matter how much stress you have, stop and have a rest for a while possible. ⑤Work hard young,or you'll re- gret. 2.(教材P,)Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the par cel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 一旦此人收到包裹，他/她就会将包裹发送 到他们的联系人处，直到包裹被送到目标收 件人手中。 [句式结构]once引导时间状语从句，意 为“一…便，一旦，一经”。从句中常用一 般现在时代替一般将来时。 ◆规律总结] once在本句中引导时间状语从句，意 为“一旦…就…”。如果once引导 的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从 句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形 式时，或从句为“itbe..”形式时，从 句中的“主语十be”或“itbe”可以省略。 ◆[经典佳句] They made up their mind that they would buy a new house once Larry changed jobs. 他们下定决心，一旦拉里换了工作他们就买 新房子。 Once broadcast,the TV play will be very popular with young people. 一旦开播，这部电视剧将会为年轻人所 喜欢。 ◆[“四翼”考查]—基础性 单句语法填空 ①Once I (get)him a job,he'll be fine. 2Once you understand this rule,you (have)no further difficulty. ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 完成句子 ③ a bad habit is very hard to get rid of.(状语从句的省略)》 一旦形成，坏习惯将很难改掉。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 补全句中的省略成分 DOnce heard,the song will never be for- gotten. the song will never be forgotten. 3.(教材P。)It was this research that inspired the phrase“Six Degrees of Separation”. 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 工句式结构] 本句中Itis,,that,,是强调句型，此句强 调了主语this research。 ◆[规律总结] (1)陈述句形式：Itis/was+被强调成分 +that/who+其他成分 (2)一般疑问句形式：Is/was it+被强调 成分+that/who+其他成分？ (3)特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is was it that-+其他成分？ (4)not until强调句式：Itis/was not until ..that十其他成分 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS ◆[经典佳句] It was in the narrow street that he met his old classmate. 他是在这条狭窄的街道上遇见老同学的。 It is biological age that determines our health. 生物年龄决定我们的健康。 It was not until yesterday that I realized what trouble he was in. 直到昨天我才意识到他有什么麻烦。 ◆[误区规避]一语法填空 It (be)five experts who will inter- view the applicants. (可能失误)填are。 (正确表达)填is。 (错误分析)谨记此规律：此类强调句中be 只有is或was。其时态要根据谓语动词的 时态来判断。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 完成句子 ① he got seri- ously ill he knew the impor- tance of health. 直到他生了重病，他才知道健康的重 要性。 ②When ap- plied for your visa? 你是什么时候申请的签证？ ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 句式转换 3Tom recognised this crime at this site. recog nised this crime at this site.(强调主语) Tom recognised at this site.(强调宾语) Tom recognised this crime..(强调状语) C温馨提 学习至此，请完成配套训练UNIT10 SECTIONⅡ参考 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS SECTION I TOPIC TALK 新知点点突破 重点词汇 基础单词 1.clinic 2.gallery 3.grocery 4.stadium 5.suburb 6.intervention 7.envy 8.friction 拓展单词 1.agreement agreeable disagree disagreement 2.encouragement 3.disturbing disturbed disturbance 4.apology 核心短语 1.to 2.of 3.out 4.on 5.for mankind 6.with 7.in 8.come up 9.sort out 10.with 要点层层精析 核心词汇 1.①out②down③on④around/,about⑤挂出 ⑥闲逛 2.①conflicted with②in conflict with③John of- ten comes into conflict with his boss.You should avoid conflicting with your neighbors. 3.①disagreement②disagreements③in④with ⑤in complete disagreement⑥disagree with 4.①encouragement②to become③an④en couraging⑤encouraged⑥without the encour agement of DHer encouragement and support 5.DHe apologised to the customer for making fun of her.2He made an apology to the customer for making fun of her.3He said sorry to the custom- er for making fun of her. 6.①of②out③you your good health having good health is the envy of us 重点句型 ①am staying/will stay ②is helping ③has been working SECTIONⅡLESSON1 新知点点突破 重点词汇 基础单词 1.theory 2.chain 3.random 4.parcel 5.release 6.phrase 拓展单词 1.impress impression impressive 2.monthly bimonthly 核心短语 1.with 2.to 3.to 4.of 5.to do 6.a 7.to 8.on 9.to 10.than 参考答案 答案 课文篇章理解 I.1.C2.B3.A4.E5.D6.F7.G Ⅱ.1-5 CACBB 要点层层精析 核心词汇 l.①impression②on③by/with④a.made a deep impression on the students b.are deeply im- pressed with his lecture c.have a deep impression of his lecture d.impressed the students deeply with his lecture 2.①randomly②at③at random ④a random sample 3.①发行；发布②发泄；宣泄③放开；松手 ④释放⑤to be released 重点句型 l.(l)①It②wandering③to understand④cost ⑤paid⑥spent⑦took⑧It will take ten workers half a month to build a house. (2)①to change②checked③running④broken ⑤get your friend to help you⑥get the campus more beautiful Dtorn into pieces (3)①seen②to say③tired④if⑤when 2.①get②will have③Once formed④Once it is heard 3.①It was not until that②was it that you③It was Tom that It was this crime that It was at this site that SECTION II GRAMMAR 语法体悟精析 即学活用1 ①A new house was built②I was disturbed by the neighbour upstairs 3 My father was taken good care of by the nurses 即学活用2 ①all the work had been finished②five new schools had been set up 3the injured driver had been sent to the hospital 即学活用3 ①was being decorated②was being questioned ③was being repaired 即学活用4 ①would be published②A new bridge was going to be built 3was to be carried out