专题3 素养培优(1) 词汇新要求题——一词多义、熟词生义与词类活用（题型强化练）（Word练习）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

(十八)完形之词汇新要求题专练1(一词多义、熟词生义与词类活用) A (2025·南昌高三模拟测试)CRACK！ BOOM！ I sat up in my hotel room，my heart pounding in my chest.I had been sleeping a few seconds before.The 　1　 made it hard for me to fall back asleep again. The next day I saw it had wrapped around an oak tree，burning the 　2　 and spliting(劈开) the trunk.To a teenager，a(n) 　3　 like this was not normal.I felt 　4　 about the tree knowing that it was done for.The next year，　5　，I noticed that the tree hadn’t died.In fact，it had fresh new，green leaves growing on it and the burnt bark was starting to grow back too.I was amazed at the 　6　 of this tree and couldn’t believe that it had 　7　 such damage. A scientific study I was reading recently 　8　 that tree.It showed the forest floor is 　9　.When one tree is damaged，the other trees will 　10　 their own nutrients through their root system.I felt a renewed 　11　 for the Earth.And I was grateful for this beautiful world we all live in. Looking back at my own life I realize I’ve 　12　 countless lightning strikes myself，and they’ve 　13　 me that love is around，through life’s ups and downs.When one of us gets hurt，others are always there to help us 　14　.We are a part of a greater forest，one created in 　15　. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。(引入背景)作者在酒店房间被巨响惊醒，次日发现一棵橡树遭闪电击中；(发展变化)作者起初以为这棵树必死无疑，次年却惊喜发现它长出了新叶，烧焦的树皮也在恢复；(科学解释)作者读到的科学研究表明，森林树木根系相连，一棵树受损，其他树会分享养分助其恢复；(情感升华)作者联想到自己的生活，意识到自己也是因爱相连的“森林”一员。 1.A.dream B.scream C.burden D.lightning D　[上文“CRACK！ BOOM！ I sat up in my hotel room，my heart pounding in my chest”提到巨大声响，结合第二段中树干被劈开的描述以及最后一段中的“countless lightning strikes”可知，此处指闪电(lightning)，故选D。] 2.A.bark B.branches C.root D.leaves A　[根据下文“and the burnt bark was starting to grow back too”(烧焦的树皮也开始重新长出来了)可知此处指树皮(bark)，故选A。此处是bark的熟词生义用法。] 3.A.sound B.adventure C.sight D.place C　[上文描述了作者看到(saw)树被闪电击中后树皮被烧焦，树干被劈开了。根据空后的“like this”可知，此处是说像这样的景象(sight)，故选C。] 4.A.embarrassed B.frustrated C.curious D.concerned D　[由下文“knowing that it was done for”(知道它活不成了)可知，作者感到担心，故选D。] 5.A.meanwhile B.instead C.though D.indeed C　[上文“knowing that it was done for”(知道它活不成了)与下文“I noticed that the tree hadn’t died...starting to grow back too”(作者注意到树没有死，反而长出新叶，树皮也在恢复)之间是转折关系，故用though表示“然而”。故选C。] 6.A.outlook B.toughness C.value D.influence B　[上文提到树遭受严重伤害后却没有死，反而长出新叶，树皮也在恢复，所以作者对树的坚韧(toughness)感到惊讶，故选B。] 7.A.suffered B.survived C.reduced D.caused B　[上文“it had fresh new，green leaves growing on it and the burnt bark was starting to grow back too”描述了树在遭受闪电伤害后存活下来并恢复生机，所以这里是说树在这样的伤害中幸存(survived)了下来，故选B。] 8.A.took account of B.ran tests on C.kept track of D.cast light on D　[下文提到“It showed the forest floor is 　9　”可知，这项科学研究说明了森林中树木之间的关系，此处是说这项研究使这棵树(被闪电击中后重新焕发生机)更容易理解，故cast light on“(提供新资料)使某事物更容易理解”符合语境，与“showed”意思相近，选D。] 9.A.nutritious B.connected C.well-developed D.highly-organized B　[根据下文“their root system”可推断，森林地面上的树是相互连接的(connected)，故选B。] 10.A.stop B.keep C.absorb D.share D　[上文提到那棵树重新焕发生机和森林地面上的树是相互连接的，所以当一棵树受损时，其他树会通过根系分享(share)它们的养分，故选D。] 11.A.inspiration B.expectation C.appreciation D.resolution C　[上文提到了作者了解到树木之间相互帮助的情况，下文提到作者感激(grateful)我们生活的这个美好世界，And连接的是作者同一范畴的感受，所以作者对地球产生了新的感激(appreciation)之情，故选C。] 12.A.braved B.learned C.avoided D.considered A　[上文作者将树的经历与自己的生活相联系，再结合下文“love is around，through life’s ups and downs”(生活起起落落，爱始终围绕在身边)可知，作者意识到自己像那棵树一样，也勇敢面对(braved)了无数次像闪电袭击一样的挫折，故选 A。brave常用作形容词，表示“勇敢的”，此处是其动词用法。] 13.A.reminded B.warned C.promised D.comforted A　[上文提到作者回顾自己的生活经历“Looking back at my own life”，这些经历让作者明白了无论生活中遇到什么困难，爱始终在身边。所以，这些经历起到了提醒(reminded)作者的作用，故选A。] 14.A.stay B.change C.recover D.plan C　[结合上文对树木之间相互帮助的描述可知，当有人受伤时“When one of us gets hurt”，其他人总是会帮助受伤的人恢复(recover)，故选C。] 15.A.awe B.love C.pride D.relief B　[上文提到“and they’ve 　13　 me that love is around，through life’s ups and downs”(并且它们提醒我，生活起起落落，但爱始终围绕在身边)，强调了爱在生活中的重要性。所以，我们是一个因为爱而紧密相连的更大的森林的一部分，故选B(love)。] B (2025·济南市高三学习质量检测)To me，my father，Frank Driscoll，was just a teacher，who seldom spoke of his work.I　1　paid much attention to his profession. He was always　2　when I needed him，so like most children，I took him for granted.At 65，he retired，and while we frequently talked about my job we rarely touched upon the　3　of his teaching.Even in his final days，I did not　4　him in conversation about his career. At the funeral(葬礼)，I listened as my father’s friends shared stories about their time together and what my father 　5　to them.I then noticed six young individuals lined up to　6　the guest registry.Initially，I assumed they had　7　arrived at the wrong funeral.I　8　them and politely explained that this was the　9　for Frank Driscoll.One young woman told me they were my father’s students a decade ago and wished to pay their　10　. I had never expected my father’s students would come.Though I was　11　，I invited them into the wake.They shared how my father had significantly influenced their lives.One man recalled how my father 　12　him to get a better education as a safety net instead of coasting on his athletic ability.He was grateful later when his athletic career didn’t　13　 as expected. Their stories about my father deeply affected me and I now 　14　 my father in a new light.I will no longer consider him as “just a　15　”.He touched the lives of countless young individuals and quietly transformed their futures. [语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者的父亲是一名老师，在父亲生前，作者几乎没有和父亲聊过任何与他职业相关的事情，并认为父亲就是一个普通的老师。直到父亲去世，作者在父亲的灵堂里见到了父亲10多年前的学生自发来送行，并讲述作者的父亲对自己的人生所产生的影响，作者才发现了父亲的伟大。 1.A.luckily B.openly C.often D.never D　[根据上文中的“my father，Frank Driscoll，was just a teacher，who seldom spoke of his work”和下文中的“we rarely touched upon the　3　of his teaching...I did not　4　 him in conversation about his career”可知，作者从未太注意父亲的工作。] 2.A.busy B.content C.silent D.present D　[根据下文中的“I took him for granted”(我把这当作理所当然)可知，在作者需要父亲的时候，父亲总是在他身边。] 3.A.reflection B.subject C.nature D.capacity B　[根据上文中的“while we frequently talked about my job”可知，父子二人经常聊作者的工作，相比之下，二人很少谈论作者父亲教学的话题(subject)。] 4.A.engage B.monitor C.interrupt D.avoid A　[结合上题解析可知，二人很少谈论作者父亲教学的话题，甚至是在父亲的弥留之际，二人也没有过关于父亲工作的对话。] 5.A.promised B.meant C.lent D.assigned B　[根据上文中的“I listened as my father’s friends shared stories about their time together”和常识可知，在一个人的葬礼上，人们可能会追忆往昔，谈论逝者对他们的影响，即对他们来说意味着(meant)什么。] 6.A.mark B.check C.copy D.sign D　[根据宾语“the guest registry”(来宾登记表)和常识可知，来参加追思会的宾客需要在来宾登记表签名(sign)。] 7.A.publicly B.barely C.accidentally D.specially C　[根据上文中的“I then noticed six young individuals”可知，作者并不认识这六个人。再结合本句“I assumed they had　7　 arrived at the wrong funeral”可知，作者以为他们意外地(accidentally)来错了地方。] 8.A.warned B.refused C.discovered D.approached D　[根据上文中的“I then noticed”和下文中的“politely explained”可知，作者注意到这六个人，并向他们解释，在这两个动作中间，作者需要先走到他们身边。] 9.A.wake B.celebration C.gift D.comfort A　[根据下文中的“I invited them into the wake”可知，作者本以为他们走错了地方，因此，有礼貌地向他们解释这是自己父亲Frank Driscoll的灵堂。wake 在此处为熟词生义，意为“(葬礼前的)守夜，守灵”。] 10.A.claims B.dues C.respects D.debts C　[根据上文中的“they were my father’s students a decade ago”和下文中的“They shared how my father had significantly influenced their lives”可知，他们六个人是来向作者的父亲表达敬意(respects)的。] 11.A.excited B.astonished C.confused D.relieved B　[根据空前的“I had never expected my father’s students would come”可知，作者没有想到自己父亲的学生会来参加葬礼，因此，这让他感到很惊讶(astonished)。] 12.A.sponsored B.challenged C.convinced D.forced C　[根据下文中的“get a better education as a safety net instead of coasting on his athletic ability”可以推断，这名学生在作者父亲的劝说(convinced)下才改变了自己的人生方向，所以他才会来葬礼上表达敬意。] 13.A.get through B.work out C.come up D.break off B　[根据上文中的“He was grateful later”可以推断，作者父亲的劝说是对的。由此可见，他的运动员生涯进展得(work out)并不如预期。] 14.A.perceive B.forgive C.remember D.introduce A　[根据下文中的“I will no longer consider him as”可知，作者改变了对父亲的看法，作者现在以一种新的角度看待(perceive)父亲。] 15.A.father B.friend C.coach D.teacher D　[根据全文开头“To me，my father，Frank Driscoll，was just a teacher”可知，作者最初认为父亲只是一个普通的老师(teacher)，父亲的朋友和学生使作者改变了看法。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $