专题1 第4讲 主旨大意题——去芜存菁，速抓文章主旨（题型强化练）（Word练习）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

(六)主旨大意题专练1(标题归纳题) A (2025·太原高三年级模拟考试)Many people encourage competition and focus on success.“ Giving up” is frowned upon.We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded.Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying.“If at first you don’t succeed，try，try again.” “Follow your dream！ Winners never quit！” Perseverance is indeed important，to a limit.However，never take it too far.For one thing，goals and dreams might be beyond reach.Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting，but they suffer from “selection bias”.Put simply，they are not informative，because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives.It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream.For another，every road taken means another road is not taken.An unrealistic goal means missing out on other opportunities.What if everybody with the childhood dream of becoming an astronaut persistently kept trying forever？ Winners always wisely choose what to quit and what to pursue. Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term.The psychological term is “goal disengagement”.If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an unattainable goal，here are some hints that might help. First，do not tie a goal to your identity.Nobody can be defined by a single goal or interest.Besides，disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort.It’s called “turning it into a hobby”.Few stamp and coin collectors desire to become professionals，yet many enjoy collecting.Last and most important，do not think of giving up as a failure，but as a choice.Your time is limited.Try new activities，rediscover previous interests，and revise your ambitions.Be honest with yourself about your chances，and choose the goals that best suit you.And remember that，when you give up a goal，you do not fail.You make a choice to free up your time for other possibilities. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。坚持不懈固然重要，但不能过度，因为有些目标可能遥不可及，坚持不切实际的目标意味着错过其他机会。研究表明，能够放弃一些目标并将精力转向更合理的目标对心理健康和提高生活质量很重要。 1.What result may “selection bias” bring to people？ A.Setting self-limitation. B.Giving up more easily. C.Misjudging the situation. D.Ignoring successful stories. C　[推理判断题。根据题干中的“selection bias”将答案定位在第二段。第二段的“Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting...It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream”讲通过坚持不懈实现童年梦想的故事可能会令人振奋，但这存在“选择偏倚”；简单来说，这些故事并没有提供有用的信息，因为没人会讲述许多人浪费了生命中相当一部分时间去坚持却最终失败的故事，如果你追随一个不切实际的梦想，那确实会令人沮丧。这意味着“选择偏倚”会让人们只看到成功的故事，从而错误判断形势，认为只要坚持就能成功，故选C。] 2.How can people benefit from “goal disengagement”？ A.By motivating their desire for success. B.By gaining a sense of self-satisfaction. C.By telling easy goals from difficult goals. D.By saving energy to focus on practical goals. D　[细节理解题。根据题干中的“goal disengagement”将答案定位在第三段。第三段前两句讲最近的研究表明，能够放弃一些目标和梦想，将精力转向更合理的目标对心理健康很重要，从长远来看会带来更高质量的生活，这在心理学上叫“目标脱离”。所以人们通过节省精力专注实际目标从“目标脱离”中受益，故选D。] 3.Which of the following may the author agree with？ A.Accepting failure with ease does make sense. B.One can make a hobby out of an unattainable goal. C.Turn to professionals when realizing personal goals. D.Choosing a goal is more challenging than realizing it. B　[观点态度题。第四段的“disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort.It’s called ‘turning it into a hobby’”讲从一个目标中脱离出来，但仍保留一些努力，这被称为“把它变成一种爱好”，接着作者以集邮者和钱币收藏者为例来进行说明。所以作者可能同意一个人可以把无法实现的目标变成一种爱好，故选B。] 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A.Identity Crisis：Be True to Yourself B.Goals or Hobbies：Make Your Choice C.Never Say Never：The Key to Success D.Winners Do Quit：Be Wise About Your Goals D　[主旨大意题。文章开篇提到人们鼓励竞争和坚持，接着指出坚持要有限度，过度坚持不切实际的目标会带来问题，然后说明“目标脱离”的重要性，并给出相关建议。所以文章主要讨论的是要明智地对待目标，懂得放弃不切实际的目标，故D项“成功者会放弃：明智地对待你的目标”最适合作本文标题。] B (2025·武汉高中毕业生四月调研)Heidi Tait，co-founder of Tangaroa Blue Foundation，an organization committed to beach cleaning，was puzzled when she and her teammates started finding strange tire-shaped capsules washed ashore along the Cape York coast，near Australia’s northeastern tip.But Tait eventually connected with Satlink—a Spanish satellite communications company.Satlink’s CPS-enabled buoys (浮标)，the ones the beach cleaners kept finding，help commercial fishers track their nets，lines etc.Tait had a brainwave that would see the buoys not just recycled but reused. For more than a decade，boat crews working farther west，in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria，had been telling Tait about how abandoned fishing nets were circling the gulf，hurting sea creatures.These so-called ghost (幽灵) nets had either broken free from commercial fishing boats and gotten lost，or were cut loose by fishers after getting caught on rocks.Weighing a few tonnes each，the nets that boat crews had chanced upon in the gulf were often too big for them to pull out of the water.They’d typically report the finds to the authorities，but by the time anyone with an appropriately equipped boat could head out to get one，the mass of messy rope had often gone from sight. However，once one of the GPS-enabled buoys is attached，it sends its location every few hours to a website，which lets Tangaroa Blue Foundation monitor the nets’ movements and warns the organization of danger.So far，the reused GPS trackers have helped Tangaroa Blue Foundation recover three ghost nets from Australian waters. Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s idea to track ghost nets isn’t entirely new； researchers with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)，Australia’s national science agency，suggested it a decade ago.Taking the idea on board，the authorities tried using battery-powered trackers to monitor a few ghost nets.Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s approach differs in that its recycled buoys are solar-powered and require less upkeep. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。Tangaroa Blue Foundation组织将原本被冲到岸上的带有全球定位系统功能的浮标回收再利用，用其来追踪幽灵渔网，从而保护海洋生物。 5.What were the tire-shaped capsules originally used for？ A.Removing beach waste. B.Recycling vehicle tires. C.Locating fishing equipment. D.Strengthening satellite signals. C　[细节理解题。文章第一段首句提到Tait和她的队友们在海岸上发现了一些奇怪的、轮胎形状的小塑料容器，接着Tait联系了西班牙卫星通信公司Satlink，得知这些小塑料容器是Satlink的产品，即带有全球定位系统功能的浮标。根据第一段的“Satlink’s GPS-enabled buoys(浮标)...help commercial fishers track their nets，lines etc”可知，这些浮标帮助商业渔民追踪他们的渔网、鱼线等设备，故选C。选项中的Locating对应文中的track，“fishing equipment”对应文中的“their nets，lines etc”。] 6.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2？ A.Illustrate a future possibility. B.Describe a technical process. C.Present a practical solution. D.Frame a problem context. D　[推理判断题。第二段主要讲在澳大利亚的卡奔塔利亚湾，废弃的渔网，即幽灵渔网，在海湾中转圈，伤害海洋生物，而且这些渔网太大以至于船员们无法将其从水中拉出，在报告给官方后，等有人带着合适设备的船去打捞时，渔网往往又不见了。作者在第二段描述了幽灵渔网造成的问题以及处理这些问题所面临的困境，也就是构建了一个问题背景，故选D。] 7.How do Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s buoys outperform earlier trackers？ A.They need less maintenance. B.They monitor broader regions. C.They receive government funding. D.They provide precise tracking data. A　[细节理解题。最后一段讲官方早期使用的追踪器是电池供电的。再根据最后一段的“Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s approach differs in that its recycled buoys are solar-powered and require less upkeep”可知，Tangaroa Blue Foundation使用的浮标与早期追踪器的不同之处在于这些回收的浮标是太阳能供电的，且需要更少的维护。故选A。选项中的 maintenance与文中的upkeep是同义词。] 8.What is the best title for the text？ A.Turning Waste into Treasure： A Fix to Ghost Nets B.Fighting Threats： The Hidden Harm of Ghost Nets C.Financing Change： Innovative Ocean Cleanup Plans D.Protecting Seas from Waste： An Activist of Conservation A　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Tangaroa Blue Foundation 组织使用回收的带有全球定位系统功能的浮标追踪幽灵渔网，故A项“变废为宝：解决幽灵渔网的方法”最适合作本文标题。] C (2025·石家庄普通高中毕业质检)King Shahryar，betrayed (背叛) by his wife，decides to marry a new woman each night and have her killed by morning to ensure he is never betrayed again.Scheherazade volunteers to marry the king.Each evening，she begins an engaging story but stops at dawn，leaving him eager for more.Night after night，she keeps him attracted with new tales，and over 1，001 nights，the king falls in love with her and abandons his cruel ways. This ancient tale from One Thousand and One Nights highlights storytelling’s impact.Our recent research shows that strong storytelling skills can dramatically improve someone’s well-being. At its core，storytelling helps people find meaning from life’s chaos.Studies show we shape our identities by turning experiences into personal stories.Skilled storytellers excel at two key skills： They need to connect events logically and they must learn to see the world through the eyes of their characters，understanding the “why” of what drives people.Applying these two skills to their own lives，skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning，while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”. To illustrate this point，we conducted studies with 800 participants.We measured storytelling ability through self-reports，friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words.In addition to these assessments of storytelling skills，we asked participants questions to get a sense of how meaningful they found life and whether they approached decisions with a “why” mindset rather than a “how” mindset. Results consistently linked storytelling skills to stronger life meaning and goal clarity.Personality also mattered： People open to new experiences collected more interesting life stories，while shy people used storytelling to balance out their limited social interaction. A strong “why” mindset connects with reduced stress and extended life.Storytelling also builds social connections.By helping people express their purpose and build relationships，stories may indirectly strengthen both mental and physical health. Storytelling workshops，now popular globally，may do more than teach communication—they could help participants redefine their life’s direction. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文通过《一千零一夜》中的一个古老故事引出对讲故事的影响力的阐述。最近的研究表明，强大的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感，帮助人们从生活的混乱中找到意义，并建立社交联系。 9.Why does the author mention Scheherazade’s stories in the first paragraph？ A.To show Scheherazade’s cleverness. B.To entertain readers with a classic tale. C.To introduce the topic of storytelling. D.To compare ancient and modern stories. C　[推理判断题。文章第一段讲述了Scheherazade的故事，接着第二段首句讲这个来自《一千零一夜》的古老故事突显了讲故事的影响力，然后说最近的研究表明，强大的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感，下文围绕此研究结果具体阐述了讲故事的影响力。由此可推知，作者在第一段提到Scheherazade的故事是为了引出讲故事这个话题，故选C。] 10.What does the “why” mindset primarily focus on？ A.Completing daily tasks efficiently. B.Avoiding stressful situations. C.Memorizing random life events. D.Understanding life’s purpose. D　[推理判断题。第三段介绍了熟练的讲故事者擅长的两大关键技能，即逻辑连贯地串联起各个事件、通过故事中人物的视角理解驱动人们行动背后的“为什么”；讲故事者将其运用到自己的生活中，形成一种优先考虑行动背后的“为什么”而非仅仅“如何做”的思维模式。再结合第五段的“Results consistently linked storytelling skills to stronger life meaning and goal clarity”可知，讲故事的技能与更强的生活意义感和更清晰的目标感相关联。由此可知，“为什么”思维模式主要关注理解行动背后的原因，即生活的意义和目标，故选D。] 11.What were participants asked to do in the lab experiment？ A.Share personal interests in a group. B.Tell a story with words provided. C.Reflect on the “why” behind their actions. D.Connect events into a meaningful story. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words”可知，在实验室实验中，每位参与者要讲一个关于自己的故事，另一个故事则要用随机给出的三个单词来讲述。由此可知，参与者被要求用给定的单词讲一个故事，故选B。] 12.Which can be the best title for the text？ A.Scheherazade’s Survival in an Ancient Tale B.How People’s Storytelling Abilities Develop C.Living a Meaningful Life through Storytelling D.Why Shy People Attend Storytelling Workshops C　[主旨大意题。文章开篇用Scheherazade的故事引出本文话题——讲故事的影响力，表明强大的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感；第三段从理论层面阐述讲故事的两大关键技能及其帮助人们从生活的混乱中找到意义的核心作用；第四段介绍研究过程和方法；第五段呈现研究结果，即讲故事的技能与更强的生活意义和更清晰的目标相关；第六段进一步阐述讲故事的其他积极影响；第七段总结讲故事讲习班的价值。由此可知，本文主要强调了讲故事帮助人们找到生活的意义，提升人们的幸福感。故C项“通过讲故事过有意义的生活”最适合作本文的标题。] 核心 单词 A篇 Para.2：bias n.偏见，成见，偏心　unrealistic adj.不现实的，不切实际的　pursue v.追求，致力于，执行；继续探讨(或追究、从事)　Para.4：revise v.改变，修正；(考试前)温习，复习 B篇 Para.1：track v.跟踪，追踪　Para.2：abandoned adj.被离弃的，被遗弃的，被抛弃的　 Para.3：attach v.系，绑，贴，固定，连接，附上 C篇 Para.1：abandon v.放弃，中止；抛弃，遗弃(某人)；离弃，逃离(某地方、交通工具等)　 Para.2：highlight v.突出，强调　identity n.身份；(区别人或群体的)特性；(两件事物的)相同，一致　pursue v.追求，继续进行　Para.5：consistently adv.一致地　clarity n.清楚，清晰，明确 核心 短语 A篇 Para.2：put simply简单地说　Para.3：in the long term长期来看 B篇 Para.1：be committed to 致力于……　Para.2：break free from sth./sb.逃脱……，挣脱…… chance upon/on 偶然发现，碰巧遇到　Para.4：take sth.on board 接受，采纳(建议、想法等) C篇 Para.1：at dawn 在黎明　Para.3：apply...to...把……运用到……　Para.5：balance out 抵消，相抵 熟词 生义 B篇 wash (Para.1)常用义：v.洗，洗涤　文章义：v.冲击，冲刷，冲向 词缀 变形 A篇 Para.1：compete v.竞争，对抗；参加比赛(或竞赛)→competition n.竞争，角逐；比赛，竞赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的　persevere v.坚持，孜孜以求→Para.2：perseverance n.不屈不挠，坚持不懈　frustrate v.使懊丧，使懊恼，使沮丧→frustrated adj.懊丧的，懊恼的，沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人懊丧的，令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的 B篇 Para.2：appropriate adj.恰当的，合适的→appropriately adv.恰当地，合适地 C篇 Para.1：engage v.参加，参与；吸引；雇用，聘请→engaging adj.动人的，迷人的→engagement n.参加，从事，卷入；约会，约定，安排；订婚，婚约　Para.3：priority n.优先事项，最重要的事，首要事情；优先，优先权，重点→prioritize v.优先处理；按重要性排列，划分优先顺序 (七)主旨大意题专练2(文章大意题＋段落大意题) A (2025·武汉高中毕业生调研考试)A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots，but some varieties，including many used for developing high-output corn in the U.S.，appear to have lost part of that ability，according to a Stanford-led study.With climate change increasing droughts，the findings hold potential for developing more drought-resistant varieties of corn. The study，published in the journal Science，uncovers genetic mechanisms (遗传机制) behind root “hydropatterning”，or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil.In particular，the researchers discovered that ethylene，a plant hormone (激素) known to help bananas ripen，also influences how roots grow to seek water. For this study，the researchers developed a new，simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots.They found corn varieties adapted to hot and wet regions like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas.In contrast，the varieties adapted to moderate regions of North America frequently grew roots randomly without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. “Interestingly，the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems，” said lead author Johannes Scharwies.“One idea is that if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients，then it has more energy to grow deeper down where water is more likely.” Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones，auxin and ethylene，play a role in how corn roots respond to water.While auxin was already known to help control this process，ethylene’s involvement was a new discovery.In experiments with thale cress—a model plant often used in research—the researchers found auxin signaling promotes root branch development toward water，while ethylene stops branching when the root is exposed to air. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems，but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips，researchers said. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学主导的一项研究揭示了植物根系如何通过遗传机制寻找水分。研究发现，乙烯和生长素这两种植物激素在玉米根系对水分的反应中起作用。这些发现为培育更具抗旱性的玉米品种提供了潜力。 1.What is the primary focus of the Stanford-led study？ A.Drought-resistant corn varieties. B.Ethylene’s effect on fruit ripening. C.Genetic regulation of root branching. D.Impact of climate change on plant roots. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“The study...uncovers genetic mechanisms(遗传机制)behind root‘hydropatterning’，or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil”可知，这项研究揭示了根系“向水性模式”背后的遗传机制，即植物根系如何朝着水分生长并避开土壤中的干燥区域。故研究的主要焦点是根系分支的遗传调控，故选C。] 2.What can be inferred from Johannes Scharwies’ remarks？ A.Plant hormones make a big difference to root growth. B.Nutrients guarantee better water-seeking root systems. C.Root branching conserves energy for higher production. D.Stronger hydropatterning is linked to greater root depth. D　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“Interestingly，the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems”可知，Johannes Scharwies说那些更善于感知水源位置的植物，其根系系统也更深。由此可知，植物根系的“向水性模式”越强大，其根越深，故选D。] 3.What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about？ A.Model plants in research. B.Hormones’ role in root growth. C.Genetic analysis methods. D.Findings of previous research. B　[主旨大意题。第五段首句是本段的主旨句，即基因分析显示，两种植物激素——生长素和乙烯——在玉米根系对水分的反应中发挥着作用，接着分别介绍两种植物激素所发挥的不同作用。所以第五段主要讲激素在根系生长中的作用，故选B。] 4.What does the last paragraph suggest future research do？ A.Prioritize development of new corn varieties. B.Work out the mechanisms of genetic interactions. C.Concentrate merely on localized root responses. D.Expand practical applications of hydropatterning. B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems”可知，在培育出更具抗旱性根系的玉米品种之前，人们还需要进一步研究，以更好地了解这些遗传神经通路之间的相互作用。由此可知，未来的研究应该弄清楚遗传相互作用的机制，然后才能开发出更具抗旱性根系的玉米品种，故选B。] B (2025·郑州高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)Duncan Jurman became interested in butterflies when he was around 5 years old.He noticed a couple of caterpillars (毛虫) in his backyard and was attracted by the different ways that caterpillars can disguise (伪装) themselves to stay safe in potentially dangerous surroundings.From there，he started to learn more about caterpillars and butterflies. Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems.They’re very low on the food web，so they support a lot of different species that rely on them.They’re an indicator species for the health of the environment.Once they disappear，everything else is soon to follow. Jurman’s goal is to transform the landscape of Florida’s Broward County by turning a weedy suburb into a lively butterfly reserve at a time when insect populations are decreasing quickly worldwide.Jurman believes that every flower planted is a potential home and source of food for caterpillars and butterflies.He eventually developed a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching the different plants that butterflies prefer.He has already raised and released more than 5，000 butterflies from his garden. Jurman also launched the Bring Butterflies Back campaign to educate people about butterflies and invite them to join his cause of protecting butterflies.He said that a lot of people are surprised to learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate，largely because the decline has been so gradual.This phenomenon helps to explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions to save the environment. In 2018，Jurman helped to build a butterfly garden at his high school.The garden has had a regenerative effect on the surrounding environment—birds，native lizards，and other insects have returned in great numbers.Other schools have been inspired to start gardens.“I don’t know if we can ever reach the point that we were once at with butterflies，but I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden，they can make their own impact，” Jurman said. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文主要讲述了Duncan Jurman在保护蝴蝶方面的努力，包括发起“让蝴蝶回归”的运动，在他的后院开发了一个蝴蝶友好型的花园，在他学校建立蝴蝶花园等。他还呼吁人们都参与到蝴蝶保护中来。 5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？ A.The food chain of insects. B.The competition between species. C.The potential danger to butterflies. D.The vital role of butterflies in nature. D　[主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，首句“Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems”(Jurman认为蝴蝶在我们的生态系统中扮演着至关重要的角色)为段落主旨句，后面内容(蝴蝶在食物网的位置很低，所以它们养活了很多依赖它们的不同物种。它们是环境健康的指示物种。一旦它们消失，其他的东西很快就会跟着消失)都是对这一句话的解释。所以本段主要讲述了蝴蝶在自然中的重要角色，故选D项。] 6.Why did Jurman create a butterfly-friendly garden？ A.To teach people about butterflies. B.To study butterflies’ favorite plants. C.To increase the number of butterflies. D.To improve the beauty of his backyard. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段可知Jurman的目标是改变佛罗里达州布劳沃德县的景观，在全世界昆虫数量迅速减少的时候，把杂草丛生的郊区变成一个令人兴奋的蝴蝶保护区。他最终在他的后院创建了一个蝴蝶友好型的花园。他已经在自己的花园里饲养并放飞了5 000多只蝴蝶。所以可以推测他创建蝴蝶友好型的花园是为了增加蝴蝶数量，故选C项。] 7.Which shows the phenomenon mentioned in the text？ A.People’s unawareness of environmental changes. B.The impact of human activities on insect habitats. C.The rapid decline of butterfly populations worldwide. D.The process of transforming natural landscapes into reserves. A　[推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Jurman说许多人发现昆虫数量正以惊人速度减少时是很惊讶的，主要是因为下降是逐渐的，这种现象帮助解释为什么人们不愿意采取重大行动保护环境。所以推断文中提到的现象是人们没有注意到自然环境的变化。故选A项。] 8.What can be inferred from Jurman’s words in the last paragraph？ A.More gardens are built to increase the number of other insects. B.Jurman is pessimistic about the future of the butterfly population. C.It’s impossible to restore butterflies’ population to their previous levels. D.People’s joint efforts can have a great impact on the butterfly population. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段Jurman说的话(我不知道我们是否能达到我们曾经对蝴蝶的保护程度，但我认为，如果每个人都参与进来，开始自己的花园，他们就能产生自己的影响)可推知，人们的共同努力可以对蝴蝶种群产生很大的影响。故选D项。] C (2025·郑州高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)Just as damaged teeth can be replaced with gold crowns (人造冠)，scientists are exploring how gold can be used to repair damaged parts of the brain. Scientists at Linköping University in Sweden said that a “brain of gold” might just be what we need to fight nervous system diseases.The plan is to put gold electrodes (电极) into the affected part of the brain.They will act as “telephone operators” between nerve cells and electronic medical devices，enabling communication so that the nervous system can function normally. Treatment plans that involve connecting medical devices to the brain already exist.However，the electrodes used are usually made of hard metals，while the brain is like a jelly that “shakes” at the body’s slightest movement. “As the body is constantly in motion，achieving close contact between something that is hard and something that is soft and breakable becomes a problem，” explained Klas Tybrandt，one of the scientists. This is why the Swedish scientists are using a new material called “gold nanowires” (金纳米线).As the name suggests，these are long，extremely thin gold threads—1，000 times thinner than human hair.By putting them into rubber，the scientists have successfully created electrodes that are soft enough to connect comfortably with the human brain. Gold can be made into structures as small as nanowires.According to Live Science，gold can be stretched，pressed or even rolled into all kinds of shapes without breaking.What’s more，gold doesn’t react with other chemicals in the human brain，making it a safe choice.Once placed in the brain，gold nanowires can last for at least three years，which is longer than many materials currently in use. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。瑞典科学家研发了新材料“金纳米线”来探索黄金在人类神经系统治疗方面的潜在应用。用这种新材料产生的金电极治疗大脑的方法解决了传统电极材料的硬度难题，更安全、长效。 9.What role will gold electrodes play in treating nervous system diseases？ A.Replacing damaged nerve cells. B.Serving as a communication link. C.Activating different brain regions. D.Protecting the brain’s unaffected parts. B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They will act as ‘telephone operators’...enabling communication so that the nervous system can function normally”可知，金电极将充当神经细胞和电子医疗设备之间的“电话接线员”，使沟通成为可能，这样神经系统就能够正常运作。所以金电极充当了沟通连接物，故选B。] 10.What can we learn about gold nanowires？ A.They are harder than rubber. B.They are as thin as human hair. C.They can be placed into the brain. D.They are in the final stage of development. C　[细节理解题。第二段讲到方案是把金电极置于大脑的受影响区域；再根据第五段可知，瑞典科学家正在使用一种名为“金纳米线”的新材料，通过将其置于橡胶中，科学家成功创造出了足够柔软的电极(即第二段中的金电极)，可以舒适地与人类大脑连接。所以可知“金纳米线”可以被放入大脑中。故选C项。] 11.Why is gold a safe choice for use in the brain？ A.It can be stretched by the brain. B.It can be made into various shapes. C.It is being used to create soft electrodes. D.It has no negative impact on the brain’s functions. D　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“gold doesn’t react with other chemicals in the human brain，making it a safe choice”可知，黄金不会与人脑中的其他化学物质发生反应，因此它是一个安全的选择，故选D项。] 12.What is the main idea of the passage？ A.The unique properties of gold nanowires. B.The history of gold use in the medical field. C.The current applications of gold in the brain. D.The potential use of gold in nervous system treatment. D　[主旨大意题。第一段引出话题——科学家们正在探索如何利用黄金来修复大脑受损的部分；第二段讲述黄金修复大脑的原理；第三、四段讲述现有治疗方案的弊端及寻找新方案的必要性；第五段讲述新材料“金纳米线”及其工作原理；第六段讲述黄金这种材料的优势。所以本文主要讲述了黄金在人类神经系统治疗方面的潜在应用。故选D。] 核心 单词 A篇 Para.1：drought-resistant adj.抗旱的　Para.2：uncover v.发现，揭露　Para.3：distinguish v.区分，辨别，分清　Para.4：nutrient n.养分，营养物　Para.6：highlight v.突出，强调 B篇 Para.2：ecosystem n.生态系统　Para.3：transform v.使改变外观(或性质)，使改观　reserve n.(动植物)保护区；自然保护区　release v.释放，放出，放走　Para.4：campaign n.(有计划的)活动，运动　phenomenon n.现象　Para.5：impact n.影响 C篇 Para.2：function v.起作用，正常工作，运转　Para.3：involve v.包含，需要，使成为必然部分(或结果)　Para.4：motion n.运动，移动，动　Para.6：stretch v.拉长，拽宽，撑大，抻松 核心 短语 A篇 Para.3：in contrast相比之下 B篇 Para.2：play a role in 在……中扮演角色/发挥作用　rely on依靠，依赖　Para.5：have an effect on 对……有影响 词缀 变形 A篇 Para.3：simple adj.简单的，简易的，容易的→simplify v.使简易，使简单，简化→simplification n.简化　Para.4：sense v.感觉到，意识到n.(对某事物的)感觉；理解力，判断力；感官→sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的→Para.3：sensitivity n.敏感性；灵敏度　Para.5：involve v.包含，需要；涉及，影响→involvement n.参与，介入，卷入；投入，沉迷 B篇 Para.1：potential adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.可能地　Para.5：inspire v.鼓舞，激励；赋……以灵感，给……以启示→inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $