Unit 4 Space Exploration 二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第三册（人教版）

高中人教 必修三 B版易错词汇精讲 【必修三专版】 高中·人教·必修三Unit4 Space Exploration二 单元词汇总览 atmospher'e/aetmasfia(r)/m.大气…的风险 关卡 层：大气：气氛 take risks(a risk)冒险 breakthrough /'breikeru:/n. 突 atmospheric./,aetmes'ferik/adj.大survive/sa'vaIv/wi.&vt.幸存；破；重大进展 气的：大气层的：有氛围的 存活：继续存在：比…活得长achieve /a'tivt.实现；达到： oxygen/'DksId3an/h.氧气：氧 survival/sa'varvl/n.生存；存活：完成 oxygen tank氧气罐 幸存事物 achievement/A'ti:vment/h.成就： vacuum/'vaekjuam/n.真空：真survivor/sa'vaIva(r)/m.幸存者：成绩：达到 空状态：adj.真空的：利用真空生还者：残存物 accomplish/a'kAmplif/vt.完成； 的 challenge/'t [aelid3/n.挑战：艰实现；达到 radiation/rerdi'enh.辐射：放巨任务：t.怀疑；向…挑战goal/g3lh.目标；球门：射门 射物；辐射能 challenging/tfaelmd3/adj.具有aim/emm.目标；目的；瞄准： radioactive/,reidiau'ektrv/adj.挑战性的；困难的 vi.&t.瞄准；旨在；致力于 放射性的：有辐射的 overcome/,Uv3km/t.(over-aim at瞄准；旨在；致力于 hazard/'hazad/n.危险；危害；came,overcome)克服；战胜；解attempt/A'tempt/vt.企图；试图： t.冒…的危险 决 尝试；n.尝试：努力 dangerous/'dend3 aras/adj.危险obstacle/'bstakl/n.障碍；阻碍：make an attempt to do sth.试图 的：不安全的 障碍物 做某事 risk /risk/n.风险；危险；t.冒barrier/baeria(r)n.障碍；屏障； 易错词汇精讲 1.atmosphere/'aetmasfia()/h.大气层；大气；气氛 易错点：易误写为atmoshere(漏写字母p):发音易将重音错放在第二个音节。 ·精讲：表示“大气层”时为不可数名词：表示“气氛”时可与不定冠词a连用，如a friendly atmosphere。 ·例句：The atmosphere of the earth is essential for life. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：The hotel has a warm and welcoming (答案：atmosphere) 2.oxyger/'DksId39n/h.氧气；氧 ·易错点：易误写为oxigen(字母顺序错误，应为oxy-而非oxi-);注意为不可数名词，无复数 形式。 高中人教 必修三 ·精讲：化学符号为O,常见搭配oxygen tank(氧气罐)、oxygen level(氧气含量)。 ·例句：Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：Astronauts need to carry tanks when they walk in space.(答案：oxygen) 3.vacuum/vaekjuam/n.真空；真空状态；adj.真空的：利用真空的 ·易错点：易混淆名词发音/'vaekjuam/与动词发音/vaekju:m(作动词时意为“用真空吸尘器打 扫"”)：复数形式易误写为vacuums(正确复数为vacua或vacuums,教材中常用vacuums)。 ·精讲：作名词时，固定搭配in a vacuum(在真空中；脱离实际)。 ·例句：Sound cannot travel in a vacuum. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：The machine creates a to suck in the dust.(答案：vacuum) 4.radiation/reidi'eIn/h.辐射：放射物；辐射能 ·易错点：易与radioactive(adj.放射性的)混淆词性；拼写易漏写中间的i(误写为radiaton)。 ·精讲：为不可数名词，常用搭配nuclear radiation(核辐射)、solar radiation(太阳辐射)。 ·例句：Excessive exposure to radiation is harmful to health, ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：The workers wear special suits to protect themselves from (答案：radiation) 5.risk /risk/n.风险：危险；t.冒…的风险 ·易错点：作动词时易漏写宾语（需接具体风险内容）：固定搭配take risks(a risk)中ris前易误 加the。 ·精讲：作名词时，常用搭配at risk（处于危险中)：作动词时，搭配risk doing sth.(冒险做某 事)，不可接todo。 .(1)He took a risk to climb the high mountain.(2)You shouldn't risk losing your job for this. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：You have to (冒…风险)failing the exam if you don't study hard.(答案：risk) 6.survive /sa'varv/vi..&t.幸存：存活：继续存在；比…活得长 ·易错点：易与survival(n.生存)、survivor(n.幸存者)混淆词性：作“比…活得长”时，后 需接宾语（如sb.)。 ·精讲：及物动词时直接接宾语，如survive the accident（从事故中幸存)；不及物动词时表示 “存活”，如survive on sth.(靠某物生存)。 ·例句：Only a few people survived the plane crash. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习)：He managed to (幸存)in the desert for a week with limited water..(答案：survive) 高中人教 必修三 7.challenge/'tfaelmd3/h.挑战；艰巨任务；t.怀疑：向…挑战 ·易错点：作动词“向…挑战”时，易漏写介词to(正确搭配challenge sb.to sth.):易误写为 challange(字母顺序错误)。 ·精讲：作名词时，常用搭配face a challenge(面对挑战)：作动词时，如challenge sb.to a game (向某人挑战比赛)。 ·例句：She challenged me to a tennis match. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：It is a big for him to finish the task in two days.(答案：challenge) 8.overcome/,ava'kn/t.(overcame,.overcome)克服；战胜；解决 ·易错点：易混淆过去式和过去分词（均为overcome,非overcame+-d);易误写为overcom(漏 写末尾e)。 ·精讲：常用搭配overcome difficulties/obstacles(克服困难/障碍)，主语通常为人。 ·例句：She overcame her shyness and gave a speech. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：We need to (克服)many problems before we succeed.(答案：overcome). 9.obstacle/'pbstakl/n.障碍；阻碍：障碍物 ·易错点：易误写为obsticle(字母顺序错误，应为obstacle):与barrier易混淆，obstacle侧重具 体或抽象的“阻碍物”，barrier侧重“屏障、关卡”。 ·精讲：常用搭配overcome an obstacle(克服障碍)：an obstacle to sth.(某事的障碍)。 ·例句：Lack of money is the main obstacle to his project. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：Fear of failure is a common for many students.(答案：obstacle) l0.achieve/a'ti:vt.实现；达到；完成 ·易错点：易误写为acheive(字母顺序错误，应为achieve);作“实现”时，宾语通常为 goal/ream/aim等抽象名词，不可接人。 ·精讲：与accomplish近义，但achieve更侧重通过努力达到目标，如achieve success(取得成 功)。 ·例句：She finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：We can (实现)our goals if we work hard. (答案：achieve) 11.aim/em/n.日标：目的；瞄准；vi.&t.瞄准；旨在；致力于 ·易错点：固定搭配aim at中at为介词，后接名词或动名词，易误接动词原形；易与goal混淆， aim侧重“短期意图”，goal侧重“长期目标”。 高中人教 必修三 ·精讲：作动词时，aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)：aim at doing sth.(瞄准/旨在做某事)。 ·例句：The program aims at helping poor children ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：Our team to win the championship this year.(答案：aims) l2.attempt/A'tempt/.t.企图；试图；尝试；n.尝试；努力 ·易错点：作名词时，固定搭配make an attempt to do sth.(试图做某事)，易误接doing;作动词 时，搭配attempt to do sth.(尝试做某事)，不可接doing。 ·精讲：比y更正式，强调“努力尝试但可能失败”。 ·例句：He made an attempt to solve the problem. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：They (尝试)to climb the mountain but failed due to bad weather..(答案：attempted) 13.hazardous/'haezadas/adj.危险的 ·易错点：易忽略hazard的形容词形式为hazardous,误写为hazardful:与dangerous相比，hazardous 更侧重“潜在危险”。 ·精讲：常用搭配hazardous materials(危险材料)：a hazardous journey(危险的旅程)。 ·例句：Working with radioactive substances is hazardous, ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习)：The area is marked as (危险的due to high radiation levels..(答案：hazardous) 14.breakthrough/breik0ru:/h.突破：重大进展 ·易错点：易误写为break through(动词短语，突破)，注意该词为合成名词，需连写：易漏写 中间的e(误写为breakthru)。 ·精讲：常用搭配make a breakthrough(取得突破)，后接in sth.（在某方面)。 ·例句：Scientists have made a major breakthrough in cancer research ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习）：The new technology has led to a in space exploration..(答案：breakthrough) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The Earth's protects us from harmful solar radiation. ●A.atmoshere 高中人教 必修三 ●B.atmosphere ·C.oxygene ●D.radiaton 2.Astronauts must carry tanks to breathe in space. ●A.oxygen ·B.oxigen ●C.vacuums ●D.vacua 3.Sound cannot travel in a ●A.vacuum ·B.vacuums ●C.adiaton ●D.hazardous 4.Excessive exposure to may cause health problems. ●A.radioactive ●B.radiation ●C.radiate 。D.radiating 5.You shouldn't losing your job for such a small matter. ●A.risk ●B.take the risk 。C.risk to lose ●D.at risk 6.Only three people the terrible accident last year 高中人教 必修三 ·A.survived ●B.survival ●C.survivor ●D.survive 7.She me to a game of chess after class. ·A.challenged ·B.challanged 。C.challenge 。D.challenging 8.We need to all difficulties to achieve our goals. ●A.overcame 。B.overcom ●C.overcome ·D.overcoming 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The team faced many (挑战)during the project. 2.It took her years to (克服)her fear of heights. 3.Lack of experience is a major (障碍)for new graduates, 4.His main (目标)this year is to learn English well, 5.They made an (尝试)to climb the mountain but failed. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The hotel has a warm and friendly a_ 2.Working in this factory may involve some h tasks. 3.The scientists have made a major b in cancer research. 4.Don't work in a v you need to communicate with others. 高中人教 必修三 5.You should a to practice English every day. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He took a risk (climb)the steep mountain alone.(risk) 2.The program at helping students improve their writing skills.(aim) 3.She finally her dream of becoming a scientist.(achieve) 4.They」 to solve the problem,but it was too difficult.(attempt) 5. materials should be handled with special care.(hazard) 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3.A4.B5.A6.A7.A8.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.challenge 2.overcome 3.obstacle 4.aim 5.attempt ·三、首字母填空 1.atmosphere 2.hazardous 3.breakthrough 4.vacuum 5.aim ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.climbing 2.aims 3.achieved 4.attempted 5.Hazardous