Unit 3 Delving into History A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（沪外版）

高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册Unit3 Delving into History A部分 单元词汇总览 canal /ka'nel/n.运河：灌溉渠，variety(n.多样性) wool /w/n.毛料：毛织物：绒， 核心词 relocate/ri:loo'ketv.(使)转毛，核心词 infrastructural/,mfra'strAkt∫arl/移，搬迁，口拓展词 f1our/'flaa(r)/n.(尤指小麦的) adj.基础设施的，基础建设的，口devise/dr'vaz/v.设计；想出：发面粉；谷物磨成的粉，核心词 拓展词 明，口拓展词 operate/'DpareIt/.V.操作；控制： extend/k'stend/v.涉及（范围)；support/sap3t/v.养，养活（全使运行，核心词，变形：operation 延伸（距离）：延续（时间），核家、一群人)，核心词 (n.操作) 心词，变形：extension(n.延伸)elect/'lekt/v.选择，决定（做某barge /ba:d3/n.驳船，口拓展词 connect/ka'nekt/v.把（物体、机事）：选举，核心词，变形：election route /ru:t/n.常规路线；固定线 器等)连接起来，核心词，变形：(n.选举) 路，核心词 connection(n.连接) appoint./Ap3mt/v.任命：委任，核port /po:t/n.港口；避风港；港口 province/'prDVIns/n.省份；一级心词，变形：appointment(n.任城市，核心词 行政区，核心词 命) primary/'praimari/adj.最重要 stretch/stretf/v.延伸：绵延；拉hydraulic /har'dro:lk/adj.(水、的：首要的：主要的，核心词 长，核心词 油等)液压的，水力的，☐拓展thrive /Orarv/v.兴旺发达；繁荣： merchandise/'m3 tfondarz/n.商词 茁壮成长，口拓展词 品：货品，口拓展词 improvement/m'pu:vmant/.n.fery/feri/n.渡船，口拓展词 select/sr'lekt/v.选择；挑选，核 改进处；改善，核心词，变形：in-pawnshop/'pnDp/n.当铺，核 心词，变形：selection(n.选择)prove(v.改进) 心词 artificial/.a:tr'fufl/adj.人造的：enable/'nerbl/v.允许：使有可prove /pru:v/linking verb证明：证 非天然的，口拓展词 能，核心词 实，核心词 waterway/wo:tawer/n.水道；航ambitious/en'bus/adj.费力的：economy/i'kpnami/n.经济：经济 道：电视台，核心词 耗资的：有雄心的，核心词，变情况，核心词，变形：economic navigation/,nevI'gejn/n.水路：形：ambition(n.雄心) (adj.经济的) 航道，☐拓展词，变形：navigate large-scale/,la:d'skerl/adj..大规expansion/k'span fn/n.扩张；扩 (V.航行) 模的：大批的，核心词 展：扩大，口拓展词，变形：ex foundation /faon'deun/n.地基：lifeline/'larflam/n.命脉：生命线，pand(v.扩张) 房基；基础，核心词 口拓展词 aim/em/n.目的：目标，核心词 undergo/,nd'ga/V.经历，经empire/'empara(r)/n.帝国，口拓divert/dar'v3t/v.使转向；使绕 受（变化、不快的事等），口拓展展词 道：转移，口拓展词 词，过去式underwent,.过去分词income/'mkm/n.收入；收益：arid/'erId/ad.(土地或气候)干 undergone 所得，口拓展词 旱的；干燥的，口拓展词 various/'vearias/adj.各种不同cotton/'kotn/n.棉织物：棉布：棉be based on短语以…为基础（或 的：各种各样的，核心词，变形：花，核心词 根据) 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册 寒假专版 易错词汇精讲 1.canal/ka'nel/n.运河：灌溉渠 ·易错点：易误写为”canel'(漏写中间的a):发音易误读为/kaenael,重音应在第二音节k3'nel/。 ·精讲：指人工开凿的水道，如the Grand Canal(大运河)：与'channel',(自然形成的海峡/水道) 不同，canal强调人工性。 ·例句：The ancient canal has been used for irrigation for hundreds of years. ·真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：The workers spent ten years building the to connect the two rivers.(答案：canal) 2.connect/ka'nekt/v.把（物体、机器等）连接起来 ·易错点：易混淆介词搭配，误接with”或'to”,正确搭配为connect A with B(强调关联)和 connect A to B(强调物理连接)。 ·精讲： 被动语态为be connected to/.with:名词形式为connection,固定短语have a connection with。 ·例句：(I)This wire connects the computer to the printer..(物理连接)(2)The two events are closely connected with each other..(关联) ·真题链接：（沪外版高中同步练习）：The new bridge will the island with the mainland. (答案：connect) 3.select/sr'lekt/v.选择；挑选 ·易错点：易与”choose”混淆，select强调'精心挑选'，比choose更正式：易误写为过去式'selectted (双写错误，正确为selected)。 ·精讲：常用搭配select..fom.(从…中挑选)：名词形式selection,指”挑选的过程或结果”。 ·例句：She selected a red dress from the wardrobe for the party ·真题链接：（沪外版高中单元测试）：We need to (选择)five students to join the English speech contest.(答案：select) 4.support/s3'p3t/V.养，养活（全家、一群人） ·易错点：易忽略”养活”这一含义，仅理解为”支持”；易误接”sb.todo”,正确用法为support sb.in doing sth.(支持某人做某事)。 ·精讲：作”养活”时，搭配support a family(养家)；作”支持”时，可接名词或从句。 ·例句：(I)He works hard to support his wife and three children..(养话)(2)My parents support me in studying abroad.(支持) ·真题链接：（沪外版高中期中考试）：The old man has to his sick wife by working as apat-time driver..(答案：support). 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册 寒假专版 5.operate/pparert//v.操作；控制；使运行 ·易错点：易混淆含义，误用作手术”时搭配错误，”给某人做手术”应为operate on sb.,不可 直接接宾语。 ·精讲：名词形式为operation,固定短语in operation(运行中)：作”操作，时，搭配operate a nachine。 ·例句：(I)The doctor will operate on the patient tomorrow.(手术)(2)He can operate this new equipment skillfully.(操作) ·真题链接：（沪外版高中模拟题）：It took the engineer two hours to make the machine again.(答案：operate) 6.primary/'pramri/adj.最重要的：首要的 ·易错点：易误写为"primery'(字母顺序错误)：易与”primitive”(原始的)混淆，primary强调 首要的'，如primary school(小学)。 ·精讲：固定搭配primary school(小学)：primary cause(主要原因)，比main更正式。 ·例句：The primary goal of this project is to improve people's living conditions. ·真题链接：（沪外版高中期末测试）：Safety is the concern for all workers in the factory. (答案：primary) 7.economy'konami/n.经济：经济情况 ·易错点：易与形容词economic'”(经济的)和'economical'”(节俭的)混淆；发音易误读为 'ikn3mi,重音在第二音节。 ·精讲：指宏观经济时为不可数名词，如national economy(国民经济)：”经济的”用economic, ”节俭的”用economical。 ·例句：The government has taken measures to develop the local economy. ·真题链接： (沪外版高中月考)： growth is important for improving people's living standards..(答案：Economic) 8.route/ru:t/n.常规路线；固定线路 ·易错点：易与road(道路)、”path”(小径)混淆，route强调”规划好的路线”；易误读为rat/ (美式发音)，英式发音为ut/。 ·精讲：常用搭配take a route(走某条路线)；动词形式为route,,指”按路线发送”。 ·例句：We took a different route to avoid the traffic jam. ·真题链接：（沪外版高中练习册）：The tour guide will tell us the to the museum tomorr'ow morning.（答案：route) 9.foundation /faun'dern/n.地基；房基；基础 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册 寒假专版 ·易错点：易漏写中间的d',误写为founation”;易与base”混淆，foundation强调？抽象基础 (如理论、事业)，base强调”具体基础'（如基地）。 ·精讲：固定短语lay the foundation for(为…奠定基础)：形容词形式为fundamental(基本的)。 ·例句：Hard work is the foundation of success.. ·真题链接：（沪外版高中单元复习）：Early education lays the for a child's future development..(答案：foundation) 10.enable'nebl/v.允许：使有可能 ·易错点：易误接”sb.do sth.”,正确用法为enable sb.to do sth.(使某人能够做某事)：易与'able (形容词，有能力的)混淆。 ·精讲：由en-(使)+able(能够的)构成，强调'赋予能力'；被动语态为be enabled to do。 ·例句：The new technology enables farmers to harvest crops more efficiently ·真题链接：（沪外版高中模拟卷）：This software will us to finish the task in half an hour.(答案：enable) l1.appoint/为'point//v.任命；委任 ·易错点：易误接”sb.as sth.”中的'as”,正确搭配为appoint sb.(as)sth.(as可省略)：过去分词 易误写为”appointed,(正确)，但易漏写'ed”。 ·精讲：名词形式为appointment(约会；任命)，固定短语make an appointment（预约)。 ·例句：The manager appointed her(as)the head of the sales department, ·真题链接：（沪外版高中期末卷）：The president will a new director to lead the research team.(答案：appoint) 12.thrive/raIv/v.兴旺发达；繁荣 ·易错点：易混淆过去式和过去分词，正确形式为thrived或throve(美式常用thrived);易误 接”in'或'on”,正确搭配为thrive in(在…环境中繁荣)和hrive on(靠…成长)。 ·精讲：不及物动词，无被动语态；形容”生意繁荣，可用thrive,如The company thrived in the 1990s. ·例句：Plants thrive in warm and wet conditions. ·真题链接： (沪外版高中练习)：With the development of tourism,the small town began to (答案：thrive) 13.undergo/,nd'ga/v.经历，经受（变化、不快的事等） ·易错点：易混淆过去式和过去分词，正确形式为underwent(过去式)和undergone(过去分 词)，易误写为'undergone”作过去式。 ·精讲：主语通常为”事物”或”人”，搭配undergo changes/surgery(经历变化/手术)。 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册 寒假专版 ·例句：The city has undergone great changes in the past decade. ·真题链接：（沪外版高中测试）：The patient three operations before he recovered. (答案：nderwent) 14.various/'vearias/adj.各种不同的；各种各样的 ·易错点：易与”variety”（名词，多样性)混淆，various为形容词，后接可数名词复数；易误写 为”varyous'”(字母顺序错误)。 ·精讲：固定短语various kinds of(各种各样的)：副词形式为variously,名词形式为variety(a variety of various). ·例句：There are various ways to solve this problem. ·真题链接： (沪外版高中复习题)：We need to collect information to support our argument..(答案：various) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The workers spent years building the to connect the two cities. ●A.channel ·B.canal ●C.road ●D.path 2.My parents always me in pursuing my dreams of becoming a doctor. ·A.support ●B.select ·C.appoint ●D.thrive 3.The new bridge will the village with the main town. ●A.connect 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册 寒假专版 ●B.operate 。C.enable 。D.undergo 4.Safety is the concern for all passengers on the plane. 。A.primitive ●B.primary ●C.economic ●D.various 5.This software users to edit photos easily. ●A.makes 。B.lets ·C.enables ●D.allows 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The government has taken measures to develop the local (经济). 2.Early education lays the (基f础for a child's future learning. 3.The tour guide showed us the best (路线)to the ancient temple. 4.The doctor will (手术)on the patient tomorrow morning. 5.We need to ()three students to represent our class in the competition. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The company began to t after introducing new management strategies. 2.It's important to e children to think independently from an early age. 3.The country'se growth depends on technology innovation 4.Please s a book from the shelf for our reading class. 5.The old man works hard to s his disabled daughter. 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册 寒假专版 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The city has (undergo)great changes in the past five years. 2.She was (appoint)as the head of the department last month. 3.The new policy will (enable)more people to afford housing. 4.We need to collect (variety)data to support our research. 5.He is good at (operate)complex machines. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3.A4.B5.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.economy 2.foundation 3.route 4.operate 5.select ·三、首字母填空 1.thrive 2.enable 3.economic 4.select 5.support ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.undergone 2.appointed 3.enable 4.various 5.operating