Unit 4 Disaster Survival B部分-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第二册（沪外版）

高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册 易错词汇专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【易错词汇专版】 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册Unit4 Disaster Survival B部分 单元词汇总览 devotion/d'van/n.奉献 minority /mar'nprati/n.少数；少现；确认，认出 miracle/'mrak/n.奇迹，意外的数派 restor'e/I'st:/v.恢复；修复；使 幸运事 harmonious /ha:'maunias/adj..和复原 twin/twIm/adj.双胞胎的 谐的，融洽的 abnormal/eb'nml/adj.反常的， ward /w3:d/n.病房 affect/A'fekt/v.影响：侵袭，使畸形的 compensate/'kDmpenseit/.V.补感染：深深打动 fundamental fAnde'mentl/adj. 偿，弥补 contract /ken'traekt/v.感染疾病：十分重大的，根本的：n.基本规 collaborate /k3'laebareIt/V.合作，与…订立合同：n./kpntraekt/律，根本法则 协作 合同，合约 resistance /rI'zIstans/n.抵抗力： mankind/men'kamnd/n.人类 cancer/'kaensa/n.癌症：邪恶，毒抵制，反对：抵抗，反抗 realistic/,Ia'lrstrk/adj.(目标、希瘤 望)能够实现的 identify/ar'dentifa/v.找到，发 易错词汇精讲 l.affect/a'fekt/v.影响：侵袭，使感染：深深打动 ·易错点：易与effεct1fkt/(n.影响)混淆，词性和搭配不同：作“影响”时易误用为不及物 动词。 ·精讲：affect为及物动词，直接接宾语：effect为名词，常用搭配have an effect on。“影响”含 义时，affect=have an effect on。 ·例句：The bad weather affected our plan to go hiking ·真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Thenew policy will.一the lives of millions of people..(答案：affect) 2.contract /kan'traekt/v.感染疾病；与…订立合同；n./kontraekt/合同，合约 ·易错点：词性不同时发音易混淆（动词kn'traekt/vs名词/'kpntraekt/):作“感染疾病”时易 误接with,直接接疾病名称。 ·精讲：作动词“感染疾病”时，搭配contract a disease(无需with):作名词时，常用sign a contract(签合同)。 ·例句：(I)She contracted a cold after walking in the rain.(v.感染)(2)We need to read the contract carefully before signing.(n.合同) 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册 易错词汇专版 ·真题链接：He一（感染）COVID-l9 last month and had to stay in hospital.(答案：contracted) 3.minority /mar'npr ati/n.少数：少数派 ·易错点：易误写为minory,漏写中间的r;“少数”含义时，谓语动词单复数易混淆（强调整 体用单数，强调个体用复数)。 ·精讲：表示“少数群体”时，谓语动词单复数取决于语境，如The minority is/are against the plan.; 固定搭配in the minority(占少数)。 ·例句：Only a minority of students agree with this proposal. ·真题链接：In this country.,the一（少数派）has the same rights as the majority.(答案：minority) 4.fundamental/fnds'mentl/adj.十分重大的，根本的：n.基本规律，根本法则 ·易错点：易混淆形容词和名词用法；形容词搭配易误用为be fundamental for,正确搭配为be fundamental to(对…至关重要)。 ·精讲：作形容词时，后接介词to,如Fresh air is fundamental to good health.;作名词时常用复 数形式fundamentals。 ·例句：Understanding grammar is fundamental to learning a language. ·真题链接：Hard work is一to success..(答案：fundamental) 5.resistance/r'zIstans/n.抵抗力：抵制，反对：抵抗，反抗 ·易错点：易与动词resist'zIst/混淆：“抵抗力”含义时，易误接against,.正确搭配为resistance to(对…的抵抗力)。 ·精讲：resistance是不可数名词，常用搭配build up resistance to.(增强对…的抵抗力)：resist 是动词，搭配resist doing sth.(抵制做某事)。 ·例句：Regular exercise can improve your resistance to diseases. ·真题链接：The body's natural_(抵抗力)helps fight off infections.(答案：resistance) 6.realistic/,rIa'lstk/adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的 ·易错点：易误写为realistc,漏写中间的i;易与practical(实际的)混淆，realistic强调“符合 现实”，practical强调“实用”。 ·精讲：固定搭配be realistic about sth.(对某事持现实态度)：反义词为unrealistic(不切实际的)。 ·例句：It's important to set realistic goals for yourself. ·真题链接：You need to be_about your chances of winning the competition.(答案：realistic) 7.collaborate/k3'laebareit/v.合作，协作 ·易错点：易误写为collaberate,字母顺序错误(a与b顺序)：固定搭配易误用为collaborate with doing sth.,正确搭配为collaborate with sb.on sth.(与某人在某事上合作)。 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册 易错词汇专版 ·精讲：不及物动词，需加介词with引出合作对象，on引出合作内容，如They collaborated with us on the project. ·例句：Scientists from different countries collaborate on this research, 真题链接：The two companies decided to_(合佾on the development of new technology.(答案： collaborate) 8.restore/rI'sto:/v.恢复；修复；使复原 ·易错点：易与recover /rI'kAva/混淆，restore强调“使某物恢复原状”（需接宾语），recover强 调“自身恢复”（可不及物）：易误写为reastore,字母顺序错误。 ·精讲：常用搭配restore sth.to.(将某物恢复到…状态)，如restore the old building to its original beauty;recover常用recover from.(从…中恢复)。 ·例句：The doctor used medicine to restore his eyesight.. ·真题链接：It took her three months to一（恢复）her health after the illness..(答案：restore) 9.abnormal/eb'n3ml/adj.反常的，畸形的 ·易错点：易误写为abnomal,漏写中间的r;反义词易误用为unnormal,正确反义词为normal (abnormal not normal) ·精讲：前缀ab-表示“偏离”，normal(正常的)+ab-→abnormal(反常的)：常用搭配abnormal behavior(反常行为)。 ·例句：The test results showed some abnormal changes in his blood. ·真题链接：His一（反常的）)actions attracted the attention of the police..(答案：abnormal) 10.identify/ar'dentrfar/v.找到，发现：确认，认出 ·易错点：易误写为identfy,漏写中间的i:固定搭配易误用为identify sb.sth.,正确搭配为identify sb./sth.as..(确认某人/某物为…)或identify with sb.(认同某人)。 ·精讲：及物动词，“确认身份”时用identify sb.as.,如The victim was identified as a missing student ·例句：Can you identify the man in the photo? ·真题链接：The police are trying to一（确认）the body found in the river..(答案：identify) 11.compensate/'kompenseit/.V.补偿，弥补 ·易错点：易误写为compansate,漏写中间的e:固定搭配易误用为compensate sb.for doing sth., 正确搭配为compensate sb.for sth.(因某事补偿某人)或compensate for sth.(弥补某事)。 ·精讲：compensate为及物或不及物动词，作及物时接人，作不及物时接for+事物，如She compensated him for the loss./Nothing can compensate for the loss of a child. ·例句：The company promised to compensate us for the delay. 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册 易错词汇专版 ·真题链接：The government will一the farmers for their losses caused by the flood..(答案：com- pensate) 12.devotion/d'vaun/n.奉献 ·易错点：易与动词devote/d'vawt/混淆；固定搭配易误用为devotion for,正确搭配为devotion t0（对…的奉献)。 ·精讲：devotion是名词，搭配devotion to sth./sb.,如her devotion to teaching;devote是动词，搭 配devote oneself to doing sth.(致力于做某事)。 ·例句：His devotion to his family is well-known. ·真题链接：Mother Teresa is famous for her一（奉献to the poor.(答案：devotion) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The sudden change in temperature will your health if you don't take care. ●A.affect ·B.effect ·C.influence ●D.impact 2.It is to our daily life that we maintain a balanced diet. ●A.fundamental for ●B.fundamental to ·C.basic for ●D.basic to 3.The team decided towith a foreign company on the new project. ●A.collaborate ●B.collaberate ●C.cooperate 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册 易错词汇专版 ·D.work 4.The company promised to_customers for the delayed delivery. 。A.compensate ●B.compansate 。C.pay ·D.reward 5.Her-to helping the homeless earned her great respect from the community. 。A.devotion ●B.devote ·C.dedication ●D.contribute 6.Only a of the students in our class prefer online learning to traditional classes. ●A.ninority ●B.minory ●C.najor ●D.1 ninor 7.The doctor said regular exercise can build up our_to diseases. ●A.resistance ●B.resist ●C.resistant ·D.resistence 8.You need to be more about your chances of winning the competition. ●A.realistic ●B.realistc 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册 易错词汇专版 ·C.practical ●D.actual 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The new policy will have a great一（影响）on the local economy.(提示：名词) 2.He_()a serious illness while traveling abroad last year 3.The_(少数派)in the group holds different opinions from the majority.. 4.Fresh air and clean water are一（根本的）to human survival. 5.The police are working hard to(the identity of the victim. 6.The government plans to _(the farmers for their crop losses. 7.Her(to teaching has inspired many young teachers. 8.The test results showed some _(changes in his physical condition. 3.三、首字母填空 1.Parents should teach their children torthe rights of every individual,including those in theminority. 2.It's important to set rgoals instead of unrealistic ones in order to avoid disappointment. 3.The engineer spent months trying to rthe old machine to its original working condition. 4.The company's success is f dependent on the hard work of its employees 5.She has a strong rto any form of authority,which sometimes causes problems. 6.The contract requires both parties to cclosely on the project implementation. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The bad weather has seriously_(affect)our travel plans for the weekend. 2.He showed great(devote)to his career,often working late into the night. 3.The team needs to identify the(fundamental)causes of the problem before making a decision. 4.Regular exercise and a healthy diet can improve your(resist)to common colds. 5.The company apologized and offered to_(compensate)us for the poor service. 6.Only a small-(minor)of people in the survey supported the new policy. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第二册 易错词汇专版 ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.effect 2.contracted 3.minority 4.fundamental 5.identify 6.compensate 7.devotion 8.abnormal ·三、首字母填空 1.respect 2.realistic 3.restore 4.fundamentally 5.resistance 6.collaborate ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.affected 2.devotion 3.fundamental 4.resistance 5.compensate 6.minority