Unit 3 Food and ethics 二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（沪教版）

高中沪教版（上海教育出版社） 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·沪教版（上海教育出版社)·选择性必修第四册Unit3 Food and ethics二 单元词汇总览 monitor'mpnita(r)/v.监视：检的 extract/k'straekt/.v.提取：提炼 查；跟踪调查：n.班长 destruction/d'strk/n.摧毁；fetch /fet/v.售得，卖得（某 sympathy/'smpaθi/n.同情 毁灭；破坏 价)：（去）拿来：（去）请来 numerous/'nju:mar3s/adj.众多arouse/月'raUz/v.激起，引起（感expansion/k'spaenfn/n.扩张：扩 的：许多的 情、态度) 展：扩大 cruel /kru:a/adj.引起痛苦的：残nineral/'mineral/n.矿物：矿物cuisine /kwI'zin/n.烹饪；风味： 酷的：冷酷的；残忍的 质 饭菜：菜肴 nest /nest//n.鸟巢；鸟窝 shortage/'btd/n.不足；缺少： urban/'3bn/adj.城镇的：城市短缺 易错词汇精讲 1.monitor/'mDnt(r)/v.监视；检查：跟踪调查：n.班长 ·易错点：易混淆动词含义与名词含义；作名词指“班长”时，易误写为monitor student或class leader. ·精讲：作动词时，搭配monitor sb.'s behavior(监视某人行为)：作名词时，英式英语中“班长” 常用monitor,美式英语常用class president。 ·例句：(I)The teacher asked Tom to monitor the class while she was away.(v.)(2)Our monitor is always the first to arrive at school.(n.) ·真题链接：Who will_(监视)the students during the exam?(答案：monitor) 2.sympathy/'smpa0i/n.同情 ·易错点：易漏写中间的p,误写为symathy;常用搭配feel sympathy for sb.易误加冠词a,应 为不可数名词。 ·精讲：固定搭配express sympathy for sb.(向某人表示同情)：形容词形式为sympathetic,搭配 be sympathetic to sb. ·例句：I felt great sympathy for the homeless children after reading the report.. ·真题链接：We should show_(同情)to people in trouble..(答案：sympathy) 3.numerous/'nju:mer3sadj.众多的；许多的 高中沪教版（上海教育出版社） 寒假专版 ·易错点：易与many/a lot of混淆，numerous更正式，且只能修饰可数名词复数，不可修饰不可 数名词。 ·精讲：常用搭配numerous people/books(许多人/书)，相当于a large number of;位于句首时， 可用于numerous are.倒装结构。 ·例句：Numerous students have joined the English club this term. ·真题链接：There are._(众多的)reasons why we need to protect the environment..(答案：numerous) 4.destruction/d'strAkfn/n.摧毁；毁灭；破坏 ·易错点：易与动词destroy/d'stro/混淆，词性和拼写差异易出错：易误写为destruct(动词，破 坏)。 ·精讲：destruction是名词，常用搭配the destruction of sth.(某物的毁灭)：destroy是动词，搭 配destroy a building。 ·例句：The storm caused great destruction to the village. ·真题链接：The_(毁灭)of the ancient city made many people sad.(答案：destruction) 5.arouse /a'raoz/v.激起，引起（感情、态度） ·易错点：易与ise/raise混淆，arouse指“激起抽象情感”，如兴趣、怀疑等：rise是不及物动 词，raise是及物动词“举起” ·精讲：固定搭配arouse one's interest/curiosity/suspicion(激起某人的兴趣/好奇心/怀疑)。 ·例句：The speaker aroused the audience's enthusiasm with his exciting speech, ·真题链接：The movie_(激起)my interest in history.(答案：aroused) 6.extract/ik'straekt/v.提取：提炼 ·易错点：易忽略重音位置，误读为/'ekstraekt/(此时为名词，提取物)；作动词时，易误加from, 应为extract sth.from sth.。 ·精讲：作动词时，搭配extract oil from plants(从植物中提取油)：名词形式为extract/'ekstraekt/, 指“提取物：选段”。 ·例句：Scientists are trying to extract a new medicine from this plant ·真题链接：We can_(提取)juice from oranges.(答案：extract) 7.fetch /fetf/v.售得，卖得（某价)：（去)拿来；（去）请来 ·易错点：易与bring/take混淆，fetch强调“去某地拿回来”，双向动作；bring是“带来”，take 是“带走”。 ·精讲：常用搭配fetch sb.sth.=fetch sth.for sb.(为某人去拿某物)；表示“售得”时，搭配 fetch a high price(卖得高价)。 高中沪教版（上海教育出版社） 寒假专版 ·例句：(I)Please fetch me a glass of water from the kitchen.（去拿来)（②）The old painting fetched 10,000 yuan at the auction.(售得) ·真题链接：Can you_(去拿来)my book from the classroom?(答案：fetch) 8.expansion/k'spnm/n.扩张：扩展：扩大 ·易错点：易与动词expand /ik'spaend/混淆，词性和拼写差异易出错；易误写为expanssion(多 写s)。 ·精讲：expansion是名词，常用搭配the expansion of a company(公司的扩张)；expand是动词， 搭配expand business。 ·例句：The rapid expansion of the city has caused traffic problems. ·真题链接：The_(扩张)of the factory will create more jobs.(答案：expansion) 9.cuisine/kwI'zin/n.烹饪：风味；饭菜：菜肴 ·易错点：发音易错读为/kwi'zin/,正确发音为kw'zi:n/;易与food/dish混淆，cuisine更强调 “烹饪风格或某地区的菜系”。 ·精讲：常用搭配Chinese/French cuisine(中餐法国菜)：指“饭菜”时，为不可数名词。 ·例句：I love Italian cuisine,especially pizza and pasta. ·真题链接：This restaurant is famous for its local_(风味).（答案：cuisine) 10.shortage/b:td3/n.不足；缺少；短缺 ·易错点：易与shot(形容词，短的；缺少的)混淆，忽略名词后缀-age:常用搭配shortage of sth.,易漏写of。 ·精讲：固定搭配a shortage of water/food(水/食物短缺)动词形式为shorten(缩短)，与shortage 无直接关联。 ·例句：There is a serious shortage of doctors in this area. ·真题链接：The_(短缺)of energy has become a global problem.(答案：shortage) 11.urban/'3bn/adj.城镇的；城市的 ·易错点：易与url(农村的)混淆，拼写和含义易记反：首字母易小写，位于句首或特指“城 市地区”时无需大写。 ·精讲：常用搭配urban area/culture（城市地区/文化)；反义词为ural,搭配ural life(农村生 活)。 ·例句：Urban development has changed the appearance of the small town. ·真题链接：More and more people are moving from_(农村的)areas to urban areas..(答案：rural) 12.cruel /kru:a/ad.引起痛苦的；残酷的：冷酷的：残忍的 高中沪教版（上海教育出版社） 寒假专版 ·易错点：易误写为cue(漏写I):常用搭配be cruel to sb./sth.易误加with,应为to。 ·精讲：副词形式为cruelly,搭配treat sb.cruelly(残酷地对待某人)：名词形式为cruelty,.指 “残忍的行为”。 ·例句：It's cruel to kill animals for their fur. ·真题链接：Don'tbe_(残酷的)to animals..They are our friends.(答案：cruel) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The teacher asked Mary to-the class while she was out. ●A.monitor ·B.sympathy 。C.fetch ●D.arouse 2.We should express_for people who lost their homes in the disaster. ·A.cuel ·B.destruction ●C.sympathy ●D.shortage 3.students attended the school meeting yesterday. ●A.Numerous 。B.Urban ●C.Cuisine ·D.Expansion 4.The storm caused great to the small village. 。A.destroy 高中沪教版（上海教育出版社） 寒假专版 ·B.destruction ·C.destruct ●D.expanding 5.The exciting story my interest in reading. ●A.IoSe ●B.raised ●C.aroused ·D.fetched 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The_()of the company will bring more job opportunities. 2.This restaurant is famous for its local(). 3.There is a serious()of fresh water in this area. 4._(城市的)development has changed the appearance of the town, 5.It's_(残酷的)to laugh at people with disabilities. 6.We can_(提取)oil from plants to make perfume. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The old painting f a high price at the auction 2.The dof the ancient temple made many people sad. 3.My English teacher always eus to practice speaking. 4.Nare the students who joined the volunteer club this month. 5.The doctor advised us to mour blood pressure regularly. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The company is planning the(expand)of its business in Asia. 2.She showed great(sympathetic)to the homeless children. 3.The scientist spent years_(extract)useful substances from herbs 4.(numerous)people have benefited from the new policy 高中沪教版（上海教育出版社） 寒假专版 5.It's important to avoid(cruel)to animals. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.C3.A4.B5.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.expansion 2.cuisine 3.shortage 4.Urban 5.cruel 6.extract ·三、首字母填空 1.fetched 2.destruction 3.arouses 4.Numerous 5.monitor ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.expansion 2.sympathy 3.extracting 4.Numerous 5.cruelty