Unit 1 Science and Scientists 二-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲选择性必修第二册（人教版）

高中选修2人教 核心考点专版 高中选修2词汇核心考点精讲 【核心考点专版】 高中·人教·选修2Unit1 Science and Scientists二 单元词汇总览 substantial/sab'staenfl/adj.大量thinking/omk/n.思想：思维； 框架 的：价值巨大的：重大的 见解 solid/'sDlId/adj.可靠的：固体 decrease/'diki:sn.减少；降低；proteir/'prauti:n/n.蛋白质 的：坚实的n.固体 减少量d'ki:st.&vi.(使大cell/se/n.细胞：小房间；单间cast /ka:st/t.(cast,cast)投射： 小、数量等)减少：减小：降低牢房 向…投以（视线、笑容等）：投 thanks to短语幸亏：由于 irus/'varras/n.病毒 掷 statistic/st'tistrk/n.pl.]统计数finding/famdu)/n.发现：调查shadow/'∫eda/n.阴影：影子： 字：统计资料；统计学 结果；（法律）判决 背光处 transform /traens'fbm/t.使改initial'nu/adj.最初的：开始 rainbow/'remba/n.彩虹 观：使改变形态vi.改变：转变的：第一的 pour /p3)/t.倒出：倾泻：斟 epidemiology /epI,di:mi'plad3i/vaccine /'vaeksi:n/n. (饮料) n.流行病学 framework/'fremmw3k/n.框架；concrete/'kpnkri:t/n.混凝土adj microscope/'maikraskaop/n.显结构 混凝土制的：确实的：具体的 微镜 theoretical framework短语理论 plasma/'plazm/n.血浆 词汇核心考点精讲 1.substantial/sb'sten/adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 3个核心义：大量的（数量）、价值巨大的（程度）、重大的（影响） ·必记搭配与例句：●substantial increase/decrease(大幅增加/减少)：There has been a substantial decrease in crime. ●substantial support(大力支持)：The project received substantial financial support.. ●substantial difference(显著差异)：There's a substantial difference between the two theories. ·重点派生词：·substantially(副词)：The cost has increased substantially.（成本大幅增加) ●substance(名词)：chemical substances(化学物质) 2.decrease/'diki:sn.减少；降低：减少量/d'kis/t.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少：减小；降低 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v.)/名词(n) 动词义：减少：降低(vit):名词义：减少量；降低幅度 ·必记搭配与例句：●decrease by(减少了)：The population decreased by 10%.(人口减少了l0%) 高中选修2人教 核心考点专版 ●decrease to(减少到)：Temperatures decreased to-5C.(气温降到零下5度) ·on the decrease(在减少中)：Crime is on the decrease.(犯罪率在下降) ·词汇辨析：·decrease(侧重数量/程度逐步减少)vs reduce(强调人为主动减少)：e need to reduce costs.(需主动降低成本) 3.transform/trans'fm/t.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变 ·核心考点：词性：动词(twi.) 核心义：使改观：使改变形态：转变 ·必记搭配与例句：●transform.into..(把…转变成…)：The Internet has transformed our lives into a digital world. ●transform from.to..(从…转变为…)：The city has transformed from a small town to a modern metropolis. ·重点派生词：●transformation(名词)：social transformation(社会变革) ●transformative(形容词)：a transformative experience(改变人生的经历) 4.initial'nu/adj.最初的：开始的：第一的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：最初的：开始的：第一的 ·必记搭配与例句：●initial stage(初始阶段)：We are still in the initial stage of the project. ●initial reaction(第一反应)：HIer initial reaction was surprise. ●initial letter(首字母)：Please sign your initials here.(请在此处签首字母) ·重点派生词：●initially(副词)：Initially,I disagreed with his plan.(起初我不同意他的计划) ●initiate(动词)：initiate a reform(发起改革) 5.solid/'splid/adj.可靠的；固体的：坚实的n.固体 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 形容词义：可靠的；坚实的：固体的：名词义：固体 ·必记搭配与例句：·solid evidence(确凿证据)：They have solid evidence to prove his guilt. ●solid foundation(坚实基础)：A good education provides a solid foundation for life. ●solid support(坚定支持)：She has the solid support of her family.. ·词汇辨析：·solid(物质固态/观点坚定)vs firm(立场/态度坚决)：a firm decision（坚决的决 定) 6.concrete/konkri:t/n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的：具体的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj)/名词(n.) 形容词义：具体的：确实的：名词义：混凝土 高中选修2人教 核心考点专版 ·必记搭配与例句：·concrete examples(具体例子)：Please give concrete examples to explain your theory. ●concrete plans(t切实计划)：We need concrete plans instead of empty promises. ·词汇辨析：·concrete(具体的，可感知的)vs specific(特定的，明确的)：specific requirements (具体要求) 7.framework/'fremw3kn.框架；结构：体系 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 核心义：框架；结构：体系 ·必记搭配与例句：。theoretical framework(理论框架)：This paper builds a theoretical framework for analysis. ●legal framework(法律体系)：The new policy provides a clear legal framework ·固定短语：●within the framework of(在…框架内)：We must work within the framework of the law. 8.finding/'fand/n.发现：调查结果：（法律）判决 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 核心义：发现：调查结果；（法律）判决 ·必记搭配与例句：●research findings(研究发现)：The research findings were published in a top journal. ●key findings(主要结果)：The report summarizes the key findings of the survey. ·词汇变形：●find(动词)：find out(查明)：finder(名词：发现者) 9.cast/ka:st/t.(cast,cast)投射：向…投以（视线、笑容等）：投掷 ·核心考点：词性：动词(t) 核心义：投射；投以（视线/笑容）：投掷（不规则动词：cast-cast-cast) ·必记搭配与例句：●cast a shadow(投下阴影)：The building casts a long shadow in the sun ·cast a glance(瞥一眼)：She cast a quick glance at the clock ·cast light on(阐明；使明白)：The new evidence casts light on the mystery. 10.pour /p3:(r)/t.倒出：倾泻；斟（饮料 ·核心考点：词性：动词(vit.) 核心义：倾泻：倒出：斟（饮料) ·必记搭配与例句：●pour down(倾盆大雨)：Rain poured down all night:. ●pour into(大量涌入)：Tourists poured into the city during the holiday. ●pour out(倾诉)：She poured out her troubles to her friend,. 固定短语：·it's pouring(下大雨)：Hurry up!It's pouring outside. 高中选修2人教 核心考点专版 11.hanks to短语幸亏；由于 ·核心考点：词性：介词短语 核心义：幸亏：由于（后接名词/代词/动名词） ·必记搭配与例句：●thanks to sth.sb.(多亏…)：Thanks to your help,we finished on time. ●thanks to doing sth.(由于做了某事)：Thanks to working hard,.he passed the exam ·词汇辨析：●thanks to（正面原因，多亏)vs because of(中性原因，因为)：He was late because of the traffic.(因交通迟到) 12.thinking/k/n.思想；思维；见解 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 核心义：思想：思维：见解 ·必记搭配与例句：●critical thinking(批判性思维)：We should develop students'critical thinking: ●way of thinking(思维方式)：Different cultures have different ways of thinking. ·词汇变形：·think(动词)：think over（仔细考虑)：thought(名词：想法) 13.epidemiology/,epl,di:mi'l3din.流行病学 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 核心义：流行病学（医学生物学核心词汇） ·必记搭配与例句：·epidemiology study(流行病学研究)：The epidemiology study focuses on disease transmission. ·重点派生词：●epidemiological(形容词)：epidemiological data(流行病学数据) ·epidemiologist(名词)：a leading epidemiologist(J顶尖流行病学家) 14.plasma/'plazma/n.血浆 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 核心义：血浆（生物/医学高频词汇) ·必记搭配与例句：●blood plasma(血浆)：Plasma is the liquid part of blood. ·plasma membrane(细胞膜)：The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances. 15.statistic/sta'tistik/n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 核心义：[pl]统计数字：统计资料：统计学 ·必记搭配与例句：·statistics show(统计显示)：Statistics show that crime rates are falling, ●official statistics(官方统计数据)：The report is based on official statistics. ·词汇变形：·statistical(形容词)：statistical analysis(统计分析) ·statistician（名词：统计学家) 高中选修2人教 核心考点专版 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The project receivedfinancial support from the government. ●A.initial ●B.substantial ·C.concrete 。D.solid 2.The temperature_to 0C last night,causing the water pipes to freeze. ●A.decreased ●B.transformed ·C.poured ●D.cast 3.The Internet has_the way we communicate with each other. ●A.decreased ●B.transformed ●C.poured ●D.cast 4.In thestage of the experiment,we need to collect basic data. ·A.initial ●B.substantial ●C.concrete ●D.solid 5.The police have found_evidence to prove the suspect's guilt. ●A.initial 高中选修2人教 核心考点专版 ·B.substantial ●C.concrete 。D.solid 6.Please provide-examples to support your argument. ·A.solid ·B.concrete 。C.initial ●D.substantial 7.This research is based on a theoretical-developed by previous scholars. ●A.framework 。B.finding 。C.thinking ●D.statistics 8.The key_of the survey show that most people are satisfied with the new policy. ●A.frameworks 。B.findings ●C.thinkings ●D.statistics 9.The new evidence-light on the cause of the accident. ●A.casts ·B.pours ●C.transforms ●D.decreases 10.the teacher's help,I passed the difficult exam. 高中选修2人教 核心考点专版 ·A.Because of ●B.Thanks to ●C.Instead of ●D.Apart from 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The cost of living has increased(substantial)in recent years. 2.The(transform)of the city has attracted many tourists 3.(initial),I thought the task was easy,but it turned out to be quite challenging. 4.We need to make a(decide)based on solid evidence. 5.The(epidemiology)data shows a trend of decreasing infection rates. 6.She(pour)out her feelings to her best friend yesterday. 7.Critical(think)is an important skill for students to develop. 8.The _(statistic)analysis reveals a correlation between the two factors. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The company has laid a s foundation for future growth. 2.Within the f of the law,we can find a solution to this problem. 3.The patient'sblood p needs to be tested before the operation. 4.Different cultures have different ways of t_. 5.R poured down during the storm,causing flooding in some areas. 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3B4.A5D6.B7.A8.B9.A10.B ·二、根据提示补全句子 1.substantially 2.transformation 3.Initially 4.decision 5.epidemiological 6.poured 7.thinking 8.statis- tical ·三、首字母填空 1.solid 2.framework 3.plasma 4.thinking 5.Rain