Unit 3 Delving into History A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（沪外版）

高中·沪外版 核心考点 词汇核心考点精讲 【核心考点】 高中·沪外版·选择性必修第四册Unit3 Delving into History A部分 单元词汇总览 canal /ka'ne/n.运河；灌溉渠移，搬迁 面粉：谷物磨成的粉 infrastructural/,nfr'strt∫oral/devise/d'vaIz/v.设计：想出：发operate/'ppareit/v.操作；控制： adj.基础设施的，基础建设的 明 使运行 extend/k'stend/v.涉及（范围）：support/sept/v.养，养活（全barge /ba:d3/n.驳船 延伸（距离）：延续（时间） 家、一群人) route /ru:/tn.常规路线：固定线 connect/ka'nekt/v.把（物体、机 elect/'lekt/v.选择，决定（做某路 器等)连接起来 事)：选举 port /p3tn.港口；避风港：港口 province/'pons/n.省份：一级appoint/A'pont/v.任命；委任 城市 行政区 hydraulic /har'dro:lrk/adj..(水、primary/'prammori/adj..最重要 stretch/stretf/v..延伸；绵延；拉油等)液压的，水力的 的：首要的：主要的 长 improvement/m'pu:vmant/n.thrive/raIv/v.兴旺发达；繁荣； merchandise/'m3 tfandaz/n.商改进处：改善 茁壮成长 品：货品 enable /I'nebl/v.允许：使有可fery/'feri/n.渡船 select/sr'lekt/v.选择：挑选 能 pawnshop/'po:nJbp/n.当铺 artificial/.ati'fl/adj.人造的；ambitious/en'b3s/ad.费力的；prove /pru:v/linking verb证明；证 非天然的 耗资的：有雄心的 实 waterway/'wo:taweI/n.水道；航large-scale/,la:d3'skerl/adj.大规economy'kpnami/n.经济；经 道：电视台 模的：大批的 济情况 navigation/,nev'gem/n.水路：lifeline/'larflar/n.命脉：生命线expansion/k'spaen [n/n.扩张：扩 航道 empire/'empaia(r)/n.帝国 展：扩大 foundation /faon'den/n.地基；income/'nkm/n.收入；收益；aim/em/n.目的；目标 房基：基础 所得 divert/da'v3tV.使转向：使绕 undergo/,△nd'ga/V.经历，经cottor/kot/n.棉织物；棉布：棉道；转移 受（变化、不快的事等） 花 arid/'erId/ad.(土地或气候)干 various'vearias/adj..各种不同wool /wol/n.毛料；毛织物；绒，旱的：干燥的 的：各种各样的 毛 be based on短语以…为基础（或 relocate/ila'ket/v.(使)转flour/'flaa)/n.(尤指小麦的)根据) 词汇核心考点精讲 1.infrastructural/,Infra'strAktfaral/adj.基础设施的，基础建设的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 高中·沪外版 核心考点 核心义：基础设施的，基础建设的 ·必记搭配与例句：●infrastructural construction(基础设施建设)：The government is investing heavily in infrastructural construction. ●infrastructural development(基础设施发展)：Infrastructural development is crucial for economic growth ·重点派生词：·infrastructure(名词)：public infrastructure(公共基础设施) 2.extend /ik'stend/v.涉及（范围）：延伸（距离）：延续（时间） ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 3个核心义：涉及（范围）、延伸（距离）、延续（时间） ·必记搭配与例句：·extend to(延伸到)：The road extends to the mountain ●extend for(延续)：The meeting extended for two hours.. ●extend an invitation(发出邀请)：She extended an invitation to us.. ·重点派生词：●extension(名词)：the extension of the deadline(截止日期的延长) ●extensive(形容词)：extensive knowledge(广泛的知识) 3.connect/ka'nekt/v.把（物体、机器等）连接起来 ·核心考点：词性：动词(V) 核心义：把（物体、机器等）连接起来 ·必记搭配与例句：。connect.with.(把…和…连接起来)：Connect the computer with the printer. ●connect to(连接到)：This wire connects to the socket.. ·重点派生词：·connection(名词)：a close connection(密切的联系) ●connected(形容词)：be connected with(与…有关) 4.undergo/.d'g3o/v.经历，经受（变化、不快的事等） ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：经历，经受（变化、不快的事等） ·必记搭配与例句：·undergo changes(经历变化)：The city has undergone great changes. ●undergo treatment(接受治7)：He is undergoing medical treatment. ·重点变形：·过去式：underwent;过去分词：undergone 5.relocate/,i:lau'ket/v.(使)转移，搬迁 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：（使）转移，搬迁 ·必记搭配与例句：●relocate to(搬迁到)：The company decided to relocate to the south. ●relocate sth.(搬迁某物)：We need to relocate the furniture 高中·沪外版 核心考点 ·重点派生词：·relocation(名词)：the relocation of the office(办公室的搬迁) 6.devise/d'vaiz/v.设计；想出；发明 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：设计：想出：发明 ·必记搭配与例句：●devise a plan(制定计划)：They devised a plan to solve the problem. ●devise a method(设计方法)：He devised a new method of teaching ·重点派生词：●device(名词)：electronic device(电子设备) 7.enable个'nebl/v.允许；使有可能 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：允许：使有可能 ·必记搭配与例句：·enable sb.to do sth.(使某人能够做某事)：This tool enables us to finish the work quickly. ●enable sth.(使某事成为可能)：The new policy enables economic growth. ·重点派生词：●ability(名词)：have the ability to do sth.(有能力做某事) ·capable(形容词)：be capable of(有能力做) 8.ambitious/em'bifas/adj.费力的；耗资的：有雄心的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 2个核心义：费力的：耗资的：有雄心的 ·必记搭配与例句：●an ambitious plan(一项宏伟的计划)：They have an ambitious plan to build a new bridge. ●be ambitious for(渴望)：He is ambitious for success.. ·重点派生词：●ambition(名词)：have ambition(有抱负) 9.thrive/erarv/v.兴旺发达；繁荣；茁壮成长 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：兴旺发达；繁荣；茁壮成长 ·必记搭配与例句：·thrive on(靠…兴旺)：Plants thrive on sunlight and water ●thrive in（在…中繁荣)：The business thrives in the city. ·重点派生词：●thriving(形容词)：a thriving industry（一个繁荣的产业) 10.divert/dar'v3t/v.使转向；使绕道；转移 ·核心考点：词性：动词(V) 核心义：使转向：使绕道：转移 高中·沪外版 核心考点 ·必记搭配与例句：。divert..from.(把…从…转移)：He tried to divert attention from the problem. ●divert to(转向)：The river was diverted to the farmland.. ·重点派生词：·diversion(名词)：a diversion of funds(资金的转移) 11.arid/'er1d/adj.(土地或气候)干旱的：干燥的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：（土地或气候)干旱的：干燥的 ·必记搭配与例句：●arid land(千旱的土地)：Few plants can grow in arid land. ·arid climate（干燥的气候)：The area has an arid climate.. ·重点近义词：。dy(形容词)：dry weather(干燥的天气) 12.expand/k'spaend/v.扩张：扩展；扩大 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：扩张：扩展：扩大 ·必记搭配与例句：●expand into(扩展到)：The company expanded into new markets. ·expand on(详细阐述)：Please expand on your idea. ·重点派生词：·expansion（名词)：the expansion of the company(公司的扩张) ●expansive(形容词)：expansive views(广阔的视野) 13.select/sI'lekt/v.选择；挑选 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：选择；挑选 ·必记搭配与例句：●select.from.(从…中选择)：She selected a book from the shelf. ·select to do sth.(选择做某事)：He selected to study abroad ·重点派生词：·selection（名词)：the selection of candidates(候选人的挑选) ●selective(形容词)：selective attention(选择性注意) 14.operate/Dpareit//v.操作；控制；使运行 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：操作；控制：使运行 ·必记搭配与例句：●operate on(给…做手术)：The doctor will operate on the patient.. ●operate a machine(操作机器)：He can operate the machine skillfully ·重点派生词：●operation(名词)：come into operation（开始运转) ·operator(名词)：a machine operator(机器操作员) 高中·沪外版 核心考点 15.improve./m'pu:v/v.改进：改善 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 核心义：改进；改善 ·必记搭配与例句：●improve on(改进)：We need to improve on our previous work ●improve in(在…方面改进)：She has improved in English. ·重点派生词：●improvement（名词)：make an improvement(做出改进) ●improved(形容词)：improved technology(改进的技术) 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The government has invested a lot in construction to promote economic development. ●A.infrastructure ●B.infrastructural ●C.constructing ●D.developed 2.The meeting will for another hour because there are still many issues to discuss. ·A.extend ●B.expand 。C.improve 。D.divert 3.You need to the printer to the computer before using it. ●A.connect ·B.select 。C.operate ●D.devise 4.The small town has great changes in the past decade. 高中·沪外版 核心考点 ·A.undergone ·B.enabled ●C.relocated ·D.thrived 5.The company decided to its business into the European market next year. ●A.extend ·B.expand ·C.select ·D.improve 6.This new technology us to finish the task in half the usual time. ·A.enables 。B.operates ●C.diverts ·D.devises 7.Only a few plants can survive in the desert. 。A.dty ●B.arid 。C.ambitious ●D.thriving 8.She a clever plan to solve the problem efficiently. ·A.selected ·B.devised ●C.relocated 高中·沪外版 核心考点 ·D.connected 9.The doctor will on the patient tomorrow morning. ●A.operate ●B.improve ●C.thrive 。D.undergo 10.The company is moving to a new city,so all employees need to with it. ●A.relocate ·B.extend 。C.divert ●D.expand 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The (develop)of public infrastructure is important for a country's progress.(infrastructure) 2.He has (undergo)three operations since last year.(undergone) 3.After the (relocate),the office is now closer to the city center.(relocation) 4.Her (ambitious)to become a scientist started when she was young.(ambition) 5.The (expand)of the factory will create more job opportunities.(expansion) 6.We need to make further 、 (improve)to our customer service.(improvement) 7.The (connect)between the two cities has been strengthened by the new highway.(connec- tion) 8.The (operate)of the new machine requires special training.(operation) 3.三、首字母填空 1.The project requires a lot of money and time;it's really an a plan.(ambitious) 2.With enough water and sunlight,the plants in the garden t quickly.(thrive) 3.The company decided to d some funds from the project to help those in need.(divert) 4.You can s any book you like from the library's collection.(select) 5.The new policy will e more people to start their own businesses.(enable) 高中·沪外版 核心考点 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 AABAB ABBAA ·二、根据提示补全句子 infrastructure undergone relocation ambition expansion improvement connection operation ·三、首字母填空 ambitious thrive divert select enable