高考英语应用文写作之非书信类（7类)-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

类型一：报道类 Our school’s girls’ football team has just carried off the championship in the City Tournament. Nothing can equal such an achievement obtained by a group of teen girls for the third time in a row. There is no easy way to success. This year, many teams competed for the championship. Through their joint efforts, our girls have proved to the public that not only skills and techniques but also teamwork and persistence are vital to success. Girls also attributed their success to the guidance of their coach, saying that they made such a remarkable achievement together. The series of matches have gained extensive concern this summer. More than that, every student is expected to choose their favorite sports and build themselves up to keep healthy. 类型二：通知类 Notice There is an English short film Growing Together produced by our teachers and us senior students .In order to learn more about the development of our school, all the students are welcome to watch the short film, which is a documentary on the history of our school. As arranged, the film is to be shown in the school hall from 2:00 to 3:00 this Friday afternoon. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity！We encourage any kind of feedback on the film from our viewers. We are looking forward to your participation. The Students’ Union June 8,2018 类型三：倡议书 To make our living environment more beautiful, on behalf of the University Students' Union. I’m writing to call on everyone to lead an eco-friendly life. To achieve this goal, we should bear/keep the following rules in mind. Firstly, we should stick to the habit of walking to school or taking public transportation to reduce the release of carbon dioxide. It's also important to recycle everything recyclable. Most importantly, we’d better launch a publicity campaign to raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment. Let’s join our hands and take action immediately. Thank you! The Students’ Union 类型四：演讲稿 Good morning, everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s my great honor to stand here to deliver my speech. It has been three years since I started my high school. At this moment, I cannot bear to part but I am also eager for my new life in university. During the three years, not only have I made some true friends who shared sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained various kinds of knowledge. Before leaving, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers. It was they who patiently answered our endless questions. Besides, I owe many thanks to my dear classmates, and without their help and encouragement, I couldn’t have overcome so many difficulties. Thank you for your listening. 类型五：图表类 Recently, our class conducted a survey on how senior high school students spend their weekends. The chart shows the results clearly. According to the statistics, homework takes up the largest portion, accounting for 45% of students’ weekend time. Attending extra classes follows behind, making up 25%. In contrast, only 10% of time is spent on physical exercise, while entertainment such as surfing the Internet or watching TV occupies 15%. There are several factors contributing to this phenomenon. First and foremost, academic pressure is the main culprit, as students have to finish heavy assignments and attend various tutoring classes to improve their grades. Moreover, with the popularity of electronic devices, many students find it hard to resist the temptation of online games and videos, which explains the relatively high percentage of entertainment. Last but not least, both schools and parents tend to place more emphasis on academic performance rather than physical health, leaving little time for exercise. From my perspective, this time allocation is far from reasonable. It is high time that we made some changes. On the one hand, students should manage their time more effectively and spare at least one hour for physical activities. On the other hand, parents and schools ought to raise awareness of the importance of a balanced lifestyle. Only in this way can we ensure both academic success and physical well-being. 类型六：人物描写 The Person I Admire Most Among all the people I know, my mother is the one I admire most. She is a 42-year-old woman of average height, with long black hair and bright eyes that always sparkle with warmth. What impresses me most is her strong sense of responsibility and optimistic attitude towards life. As a doctor, she works long hours but never complains. I still remember the day when a sudden epidemic broke out last winter. She volunteered to work overtime for weeks, leaving me with my father. When she finally came back, exhausted but smiling, she said, “It’s my duty to help those in need.” Not only is she devoted to her work, but she also takes good care of our family. Every weekend, she cooks delicious meals for us, saying that nothing makes her happier than seeing our satisfied smiles. From my mother, I have learned what true responsibility means. She has set a shining example for me. I’m proud to have such a great mother, and I hope to become a person like her in the future. 类型七：叙事短文 My Weekend In order to let us experience the life in the countryside, our school organized a fruit-picking activity on a farm last weekend. The farm, located in the suburb of our city, has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits. The moment we arrived at the farm we began with the area of fruit trees and then moved on to the vegetable field. During the process, the farmer explained to us a lot about the crops we picked. We were enjoying ourselves before we knew it was time to go back. Tired as/though we were, we all felt satisfied. Everyone of us considered the picking both meaningful and rewarding, for we not only gained knowledge of gardening but also had a better understanding of nature. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高考英语应用文写作之非书信类 1. 报道类.......................................................................................................................................2 报道写作框架...................................................................................................................................2 报道亮点句式...................................................................................................................................2 报道类实战演练...............................................................................................................................3 2. 通知类........................................................................................................................................4 通知类写作框架...............................................................................................................................4 通知类亮点句式...............................................................................................................................4 通知类实战演练...............................................................................................................................6 3. 倡议书........................................................................................................................................7 倡议书写作框架...............................................................................................................................7 倡议书亮点句式...............................................................................................................................7 倡议书实战演练...............................................................................................................................8 4. 演讲稿........................................................................................................................................9 演讲稿写作框架................................................................................................................................9 演讲稿亮点句式................................................................................................................................9 演讲稿实战演练.............................................................................................................................10 5. 图表类......................................................................................................................................11 图表写作框架..................................................................................................................................11 图表亮点句式..................................................................................................................................11 图表稿实战演练.............................................................................................................................12 6. 人物描写..................................................................................................................................14 人物描写写作框架..........................................................................................................................14 人物描写亮点句式..........................................................................................................................14 人物描写实战演练.........................................................................................................................15 7. 叙事短文..................................................................................................................................16 叙事短文写作框架..........................................................................................................................16 叙事短文亮点句式..........................................................................................................................16 叙事短文实战演练.........................................................................................................................17 类型一：报道类 一，写作框架 报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事实给予明确的、实事求是地报道。写作过程中要保持事件的真实性、准确性，语言要准确、简练、通俗易懂，不必追求过分花哨的词汇和过于的句型。 Para. 1: 导语：集中阐释所报道事件的来龙去脉 Para. 2: 主体：详细叙述所报道事件的起因、经过和结果 Para. 3: 结语：对该事件进行简要总结或评论 二，亮点句式 1. 活动事由 1).To help ___ build ___, the students’ union of our school organized a volunteer activity last weekend. 为了帮助___建设____，我们学校的学生会上周末组织了一次志愿者活动。 2). In order to provide the students with a colorful school life, our school held____ last week. 给学生们提供丰富多彩的学校生活，我们学校上周举办了_____。 3). In an attempt to mourn sb./ mark sth., our school held an activity on ___(时间), which received great attention. 为了悼念某人/纪念某事，我们学校在_____举行了一次活动，受到了极大的关注。 2. 活动经过 1). At the beginning, a lecture related to ____was arranged by us, after which our school teachers showed us how to___. 开始时，我们安排了一场关于____的讲座，之后我们学校的老师向我们展示了如何____。 2). It was a nice day. At 8:00 am, we gathered at ___(地点) and set out for ____(某地) in high spirits. 天气很好。早上8点，我们在____集合，兴高采烈地动身去____。 3). The activity was so fascinating that more than 500 students signed up for it. 这项活动如此具有吸引力以至于有500多名学生报名参加。 4). About 2 hours later, we all reached ____. Bathed in sunshine, we cheered with joy. 大约两个小时后，我们都到了____。沐浴在阳光下，我们高兴地欢呼起来。 5). We gathered and had a photo taken to remember the event. 我们聚在一起拍照纪念这次活动。 3. 活动评价 1). Through the activity, not only did we master some basic and practical skills, but also our awareness of safety was raised. 通过这次活动，我们不仅掌握了一些基本的实用技能，我们的安全意识也加强了。 2). There is no denying that the activity benefits us a lot. It not only provides us with a chance to _____, but allows us to _____ as well. 不可否认，这次活动使我们受益匪浅。它不仅给我们提供了___的机会，而且也允许我们____。 三，实战演练 你校女于足球队刚刚获得了全市联赛冠军，请你给学校英文网站的体育专栏写一篇报道。内容包括： 1.比赛情况； 2.提倡锻炼。 注意：1.词数80左石； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 类型二：通知类 一，写作框架 时间、地点、参加者、内容及注意事项是通知的要点，应直截了当地予以说明。一般在通知的正文上方居中写标题 Notice。通知大多用来告知读者将要发生的事件，因此时态通常以一般将来时为主，穿插使用一般现在时。具体写作结构为： Para. 1: 告知通知的事由 Para. 2: 通知内容：时间、地点、人物、事由、注意事项等 Para. 3: 结束语：表示期待 二，亮点句式 1. 通知事由 1). In celebration of _____a meeting/party is to be held at ____(几点) on ____(具体日期) in/at____(地点). 为了庆祝____，在_______(时间、地点) 将举行一次会议/聚会。 2). In order to enrich our after-school life, we are going to hold ____. 为了丰富我们的课余生活，我们将举办____。 3). With the intention of fostering/ increasing people’s awareness of ____, a campaign called/named/entilled ____ is scheduled to be held at ____(几点) on ____(具体日期) in/at____(地点). 为了培养/提高人们____的意识，一个名为_____的活动计划于___(时间)在___(地方)举办。 2. 通知内容 1). 时间、地点： ①As scheduled, it is going to be launched at ____(几点) this _______(具体日期) in the school lecture hall. 按计划，它将在___________(时间) 在学校讲堂举行。 ②The _____(活动或聚会等)will begin at____(几点) on______(具体日期), lasting _______(时长) ____将于_______(时间)开始，持续__________。 2). 参加人员： ①Students from____are expected to take part.来自____的学生预计会参加。 ②Those who have interest in _____ are welcome to participate. 欢迎对_____感兴趣的人参加。 3). 活动安排：During____, a variety of activities will be presented, ranging from____ to____. I bet there is bound to be one that can appeal to you. 在_____期间，多种活动将会被呈现，从____到____。我相信一定会有一个能够吸引你。 4). 特殊要求： ①All the participants are required to carry ____ in view of ____. 考虑到____，所有的参与者需要携带_____。 ②Those who want to involve themselves in the activity can sign up at ____(地点) before _______(具体日期). 参加该活动的人可以在____前到______报名。 3. 表示期待 1). We are expecting your attendance/ participation. 我们期待您的出席。 2). Your participation/ contribution will surely / certainly make much difference/make the event a huge success. 你的参与/贡献一定会有很大的影响/使这次活动取得巨大成功。 三，实战演练 假定你是学生会主席李华，受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片 Growing Together，内容包括： 1. 短片内容：学校的发展； 2. 放映时间、地点； 3. 欢迎对短片提出意见。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Notice _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 类型三：倡议书 一，写作框架 倡议书属于应用文的一种，是个人或集体为了做好某一项工作或开展某项公益活动，向有关人员提出一些目标并希望共同做到而写成的专用书信。具体写作结构为： Para. 1: 点明发出倡议的背景和目的 Para. 2: 列举倡议的具体内容 Para. 3: 表明倡议者的决心和希望 二，亮点句式 1. 倡议原因 1). With the approaching of____, I’d like to call on everyone to_______. 随着_____的临近，我想号召大家_____。 2). It goes without saying that ____ is of great benefit to_____. However, in my opinion, the present situation is _____. 毋庸置疑的是，____对_____有很大好处。然而，在我看来，目前的情况是____。 2. 倡议内容或实施方案 1). With the aim of ___, we are supposed to take a series of measures. For one thing, +句子(措施一). For another, +句子(措施二). 为了____，我们应该采取一系列措施。一方面，____。另一方面，_____。 2). I think it necessary to lay stress on _____./ We should follow the advice below. First of all/To begin with, +句子(措施一). Besides, +句子(措施二). What’s more, +句子(措施三). 我认为有必要强调的是____。我们应该遵循以下建议：首先，_____。其次，______。更重要的是，______。 3). Only if we take effective measures to deal with this problem now can we ______. 只有我们现在采取有效措施来解决这个问题，我们才能_____。 3. 呼吁行动 1). Let’s join hands and take action immediately. 让我们携起手来，立即采取行动。 2). All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to ____. 总之，是时候我们致力于_____。 3). I am convinced that, with our joint effort, _________ will disappear. / will improve. 我坚信，在我们的共同努力下，______会消失/会改善。 三，实战演练 假定你是李华，是学校学生会主席，为了倡导“美丽校园，绿色生活”的环保理念，请你根据以下要点写一封倡议书，要点如下： 1. 倡议目的; 2.具体做法; 3.期待参与。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以便行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 类型四：演讲稿 一，写作框架 演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿等，该文体通常要有吸引力，明确发言的对象。演讲稿在语言使用上一定要准确简明、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明。具体写作结构为： 称呼语: 最常用的是ladies and gentlemen，也可根据情况选用my dear friends； hello,everyone 等 具体内容: 开门见山，提出主题，对主题要进行清楚、客观的论述，最后简明扼要地总结演讲 结尾最常用的结尾是: Thank you for your listening. 二，亮点句式 1. 演讲主题 1). Good morning, everyone! I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to have the opportunity to make a speech on _____. 大家上午好！我是李华。很荣幸有机会做有关_____的演讲。 2). It’s my great honor to be here/to have the opportunity to say something about____. 在这里/能有机会谈论一下_____。 3). I’m very glad and feel it my honor to run for_____./be a candidate for ______. 我很高兴也很荣幸能参加____的竞选/成为____的候选人。 4). I really appreciate your sparing time in your tight schedule to attend ____. We are here to talk about _____. 我非常感谢你们在百忙之中抽出时间来参加____。我们在这儿要谈论_____。 2. 表达观点 1). Many people believe/think/hold the view that +句子. 许多人认为______。 2). What I want to stress is that +句子. For one thing, +句子(观点一). For another, +句子(观点二). Besides, +句子(观点三). In a word, +句子。 强调的是_____。一方面，____。另一方面，____。此外，____。总之，____。 3). The first thing we can do is _____. As we all know, +句子. What we can do next is ______. For example, +句子. What’s more, +句子. 我们能做的第一件事是____。众所周知，____。我们下一步能做的是_____。例 如，_____。而且，______。 3. 重申主题 1). Thank you from the bottom of my heart for giving me this chance to speak to you today. 我由衷地感谢你们今天给了我这个机会与你们讲话。 2). Id like to wish ____a success and I hope ____can perform at your best！ 我祝愿_____获得成功，希望______能表现出自己最好的状态！ 3). I sincerely hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful to you. Thanks for your listening / attention！ 我真诚地希望以上所说的对你有帮助。感谢你们的倾听/关注！ 三，实战演练 假定你是高三学生李华，请写一篇演讲稿，准备代表全体同学在毕业典礼上发言，内容要点如下： 1. 高中三年的收获， 2. 感谢和决心。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计人总词数 Good morning, everyone. __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your listening. 类型五：图表作文 一，写作框架 图表作文首先要提取关键的信息，往往是从最多的写起，进行比较，然后就图表比较的内容进行评论，最后表达自己的观点。具体写作结构为： Para. 1: 描述图表，得出结论 Para. 2: 紧扣主题，根据图表分析 Para. 3: 发表议论，提出自己看法 二，亮点句式 1. 描述图表(引入图表) 1). As (is) shown in the chart/graph/table/pie chart, +句子(图表总况). 如图所示, _____。 2). According to the figure, it can be seen that+句子(图表总况). 根据数据可以看出______。 3). It can be concluded from the chart that +句子. 从图表中可以得出结论_______。 4). The data/statistics presented in the chart suggest that+句子. 图表中呈现的数据表明_______。 2. 描述具体数据： 1). The percentage of ______ is ______. ____的百分比是______。 2). ______ accounts for ______%. ______占______%。 3). The figure for ______ increased/rose/climbed/jumped from ______ to ______. ______的数字从______上升到______。 4). There was a slight/gradual/steady/significant/dramatic increase in ______. ______有轻微/逐渐/平稳/显著/急剧的增长 5). The number sharply goes up to _____ . 数字急剧上升至_____。 6). By contrast, the number of ______ decreased/dropped/fell/declined. 相比之下，______的数量下降了。 3. 描述变化幅度的修饰词 程度 形容词 副词 急剧的: dramatic / sharp / rapid； dramatically / sharply / rapidly 显著的: significant / remarkable； significantly / remarkably 平稳的: steady / stable; steadily / stably 逐渐的: gradual; gradually 轻微的: slight / modest; slightly / modestly 4. 分析原因的句型 1). There are several factors contributing to this phenomenon. 有 几个因素导致这一现象 2). The reasons for this trend are as follows. 这一趋势的原因如下 3). This can be attributed to the fact that +句子. 这可归因于......的事实 4). The change in ______ is largely due to the fact that+句子. ______的变化很大程度上是由于_______ 5). One of the most important factors is +that句子. 最重要的因素之一是_____。 6). What’s more/Moreover/Furthermore, +句子. 此外, ______。 7). Last but not least, +句子. 最后但同样重要的是_________。 5. 下结论的句型 1). From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that +句子. 综上所述，我们可以得出结论_______。 2). Taking all these factors into account, we may reasonably conclude that+句子. 综合考虑这些因素，我们可以合理地得出结论_____。 3)· As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that+句子. 就我而言，我认为_______。 三，实战演练 假设你是李华，最近你们班进行了一项关于“高中生周末时间安排”的调查。下图是调查结果。请根据图表内容写一篇短文，内容包括： 1. 准确描述图表中的数据； 2. 分析造成这种时间分配的可能原因； 3. 谈谈你的看法或建议。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 图表内容 周末活动 所占比例 完成作业 45% 参加补习班 25% 体育锻炼 10% 娱乐休闲(上网，看电视等) 15% 其他 5% ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 类型六：人物描写 一，写作框架 人物描写属于记叙文的写作范畴，写作时要围绕人物组织材料。要做到主题鲜明，內容清楚。并注意结构的完整性。具体写作结构为： Para. 1: 引人话题（介绍人物的基本情况，如外貌、年龄等） Para. 2: 具体介绍（包括人物的性格、事迹等） Para. 3: 总结全文（对所介绍的人物进行整体评价） 二，亮点句式 1. 总体介绍 1). The person I admire most is ____. 我最钦佩的人是_____。 2). I’d like to introduce to you , who is _____ . 我想向你介绍，他是_____。 3). Among all the people I know, ______ impresses me the most. 在我认识的所有人中，______给我印象最深 4). When it comes to , ______ is the first that comes to my mind. 提到_____，我首先想到的是______ 2. 具体描述（重点段落） 1). 外貌描写： ① He/She is a ______-year-old man/woman of medium/average height. 他/她是一位______岁、中等身材的男性/女性 ② With a pair of glasses on his/her nose, he/she looks very . 鼻梁上架着一副眼镜，他/她看起来很 ③ He/She always wears a ______ smile on his/her face. 他/她脸上总是带着______的微笑 ④ Dressed simply but neatly, he/she______ . 穿着简单但整洁，他/她_____。 2). 性格描写： ①What impresses me most is his/her _____. 给我印象最深的是他/她的_____。 ②He/She is a ______ person who always ____ . 他/她是一个______的人，总是___。 ③Not only is he/she ____, but he/she also_____ . 他/她不仅_____，而且_____。 ④One of his/her best qualities is that +句子. 他/她最好的品质之一是_______。 3). 典型事例： ①There is one experience I’ll never forget. 有一个经历我永远不会忘记。 ②I still remember the day when he/she ______. 我仍然记得他/她的那一天____。 ③For example, once he/she _______ . 例如，有一次他/她_______。 ④This small act of kindness made me realize that +句子. 这个小善举让我意识到 3. 总结评价 1). He/She is the very person who ______. 他/她正是那个______的人 2). I’m proud to have such a ______ in my life. 我为自己生命中有这样一位______而感到骄傲 3). From him/her, I have learned not only ______ but also_____ . 从他/她身上，我不仅学到了_____，还学到了______。 4). He/She has set a good example for me. 他/她为我树立了好榜样 5). Words cannot express my gratitude to him/her. 言语无法表达我对TA的感激之情 三，实战演练 请以“The Person I Admire Most”为题，写一篇短文介绍你最钦佩的人。 内容包括: 1. 人物简介； 2. 尊敬和钦佩的原因。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 短文题目和首句已给出。 The Person I Admire Most Among all the people I know, my mother is the one I admire most.___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 类型七：叙事短文 一，写作框架 叙事短文属于记叙文的写作范畴，文章多以事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事。具体写作结构: Para. 1: 点明故事发生的时间、地点、目的 Para. 2: 介绍故事发展的详情 Para. 3: 个人感受 二，亮点句式 1. 引入背景 交代时间、地点、人物、事件起因 1). Yesterday, an unforgettable thing happened in _____(地点). 昨天，一件难忘的事情发生在 2). I’ll never forget the day when I ______. 我永远不会忘记我______的那一天 3). Looking back, one experience stands out in my mind. 回首往事，有一段经历在我脑海中格外突出 2. 叙述经过（重点段落） 1). 动作描写： ①Without hesitation, I rushed to _____ . 毫不犹豫，我冲向_____。 ②He stepped forward and offered to help. 他走上前主动帮忙。 ③I took a deep breath and _____ . 我深吸一口气，然后_____。 2). 心理描写： 1). My heart beat wildly / raced. 我的心狂跳 2). I felt extremely nervous / excited / embarrassed. 我感到极度紧张/兴奋/尴尬 3) A wave of relief washed over me. 一股释然的感觉涌上心头 4) Tears welled up in my eyes. 泪水涌上我的眼眶 3). 环境描写： ①The sun was shining brightly. 阳光明媚 ②It was raining heavily outside. 外面下着大雨 ③The classroom was filled with laughter. 教室里充满了笑声 3. 感悟收获 1). From this experience, I learned that _____ . 从这次经历中，我明白了_____。 2). What I gained is not only ______ but also____. 我收获的不仅是_______，还有______ 3) This unforgettable experience taught me a lesson that+句子 这次难忘的经历给我上了一课________。 4). I will cherish this memory forever. 我会永远珍惜这段记忆 5). Now, whenever I _______ , I am reminded of that day. 现在，每当我，我都会想起那一天 三，实战演练 上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括： 1. 农场情况；2.采摘过程；3.个人感受。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.题目已为你写好。题目：My Weekend My Weekend _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $