Unit1 Time to Relax 语法课课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 1 Time to Relax Grammar: Infinitives as Adverbials and Object Complements 1.7.2013 Hello everyone! Welcome to today's English class. Today, we will continue our journey in Unit 1 "Time to Relax" and focus on an important grammar point: the usage of infinitives as adverbials and object complements. Let's start our learning with a relaxed mood! ‹#› Contents 01. Warming-upLet's talk about relaxation. 02. Grammar Focus 1Infinitives as Adverbials (目的状语 & 结果状语) 03. Grammar Focus 2Infinitives as Object Complements (带to & 不带to) 04. Practice TimeLet's practice what we've learned. 05. Summary & HomeworkReview and assignment. 1.7.2013 Here is the outline of our lesson today. We will start with a warm-up, then dive into two main grammar focuses: infinitives as adverbials and as object complements. After that, we will have some practice to consolidate our understanding, and finally, we will summarize the key points and assign homework. ‹#› Warming-up: How do you relax? Listening to music Watching movies Doing sports 1.7.2013 Before we start the grammar, let's have a short chat. How do you usually relax in your free time? Some of you may like listening to music, some may enjoy watching movies, and others may prefer doing sports. These are all great ways to relax. ‹#› Lead-in: Let's look at this sentence Sentence I play the flute to relax. Question & Analysis Q: What is the function of "to relax"? A: It tells uswhyI play the flute. This is an adverbial of purpose. 1.7.2013 Now, let's look at this sentence: "I play the flute to relax." Here, the phrase "to relax" tells us the purpose of playing the flute. It explains why the action is done. This is one of the important functions of infinitives we will learn today: as an adverbial of purpose. ‹#› Part 1: Infinitives as Adverbials 1.7.2013 Okay, let's move to Part 1, where we will focus on the first function: infinitives used as adverbials. ‹#› Infinitives as Adverbials of Purpose Basic Rule We use "to + verb" to express thepurposeof an action (表示目的). Sentence Structure Main clause +to + verb phrase Example I go to the sports centreto ice skate. (为了滑冰) 1.7.2013 First, let's learn about infinitives as adverbials of purpose. We use the structure "to + verb" to say why we do something. For example, "I go to the sports centre to ice skate." The part "to ice skate" tells us the purpose of going to the sports centre. ‹#› More Examples Example 1: Study Hard She studies hardto get good grades. 为了取得好成绩，她努力学习。 Example 2: Save Money He saved moneyto buy a new phone. 为了买一部新手机，他把钱存了起来。 1.7.2013 Here are more examples. "She studies hard to get good grades." The purpose of studying hard is to get good grades. And "He saved money to buy a new phone." The purpose of saving money is to buy a new phone. Do you understand now? ‹#› Practice 1: Fill in the blanks Question 01 I go to bed early ______ (to sleep / sleep) well. Question 02 They exercise every day ______ (to keep / keeping) healthy. 1.7.2013 Now it's your turn to practice. Please fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. You can discuss with your partner. ‹#› Practice 1: Answers 1. I go to bed earlyto sleepwell. 2. They exercise every dayto keephealthy. 1.7.2013 Let's check the answers. The first one is "to sleep", and the second one is "to keep". Great job! You all did very well. ‹#› Infinitives as Adverbials of Result Structure 1: Enough to do enough + noun / adj. + to do (足够...去做) Example: The box is lightenough to carry. Structure 2: Too...to... too + adj. / adv. + to do (太...而不能) Example: He istoo young to goto school. 1.7.2013 Next, we will learn about infinitives as adverbials of result. There are two common structures: "enough + to do" and "too...to...". "Enough to do" means something is sufficient for an action, like "The box is light enough to carry." "Too...to..." means something is excessive and prevents an action, like "He is too young to go to school." ‹#› Example Analysis Original Sentence "The book is interestingenough to readmany times." Analysis & Translation The book is so interesting that it's worth reading many times. 中文释义：这本书足够有趣，值得读很多遍。 1.7.2013 Let's analyze this example: "The book is interesting enough to read many times." It means the book is so interesting that you want to read it again and again. The infinitive phrase "to read many times" shows the result of the book being interesting. ‹#› Practice 2: Rewrite the sentences Original Sentence The coffee is very hot. I can't drink it. Rewrite Task Combine the two sentences using the structure: "too ... to ..." 1.7.2013 Now, let's do another practice. Please rewrite the given sentence using the "too...to..." structure. I'll give you a few seconds to think. ‹#› Practice 2: Answer The coffee istoo hot to drink. Explanation: This structure means the temperature is so high that drinking is impossible. 1.7.2013 The correct answer is: "The coffee is too hot to drink." It means the coffee's temperature is so high that I am unable to drink it. Perfect! ‹#› Part 2: Infinitives as Object Complements 1.7.2013 Great! Now we have finished the first part. Let's move on to Part 2: Infinitives used as Object Complements. This is another very important usage. ‹#› What is an Object Complement? Definition An object complement is a word or phrase that follows the object and describes or completes it. 中文释义：补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 Structure The standard grammatical structure is: Subject + Verb + Object + to + Verb (OC) OC = Object Complement Example Sentence: "She told menot to give upso easily." • Object: me • Object Complement:not to give up so easily 1.7.2013 First, let's understand what an object complement is. An object complement is a word or phrase that follows the object and describes or completes it. The common structure is: Subject + Verb + Object + to + Verb. For example, in "She told me not to give up so easily", "me" is the object, and "not to give up so easily" is the object complement, telling us what she told me to do. ‹#› Common Verbs (with "to") Verbs List (Object Complement) want, ask, tell, teach, allow expect, encourage, invite, advise order, remind, warn, help persuade, force, get, would like Example Sentence Structure: Subject + Verb + Object + to do... "My parentswantmeto stayat home." 1.7.2013 There are many verbs that are usually followed by an object and then a "to" infinitive as the object complement. These verbs include want, ask, tell, teach, allow, etc. For example, "My parents want me to stay at home." ‹#› More Examples Example 1: Teacher & Homework The teacheraskedusto finishthe homework. 老师要求我们完成作业。 Example 2: Family & Encouragement Theyencouragedmeto trymy best. 他们鼓励我尽最大努力。 1.7.2013 Here are more examples. "The teacher asked us to finish the homework." The object is "us", and the object complement is "to finish the homework". And "They encouraged me to try my best." The object is "me", and the object complement is "to try my best". ‹#› Common Verbs (without "to") Causative Verbs (使役动词) Key Verbs: make, let, have Example: Itmademedecideto try skiing. Sense Verbs (感官动词) Key Verbs: see, watch, hear, feel, notice Example: Isawmy motherpaint. 1.7.2013 However, there are some special verbs that are followed by an object and then a bare infinitive (without "to") as the object complement. These include causative verbs like make, let, have, and sense verbs like see, watch, hear. For example, "It made me decide to try skiing." We use "decide" not "to decide". ‹#› Example Analysis Example 1: Permission My friendletmeusehis bike. 朋友让我用他的自行车。 Example 2: Perception Iheardhersinga song. 我听到她唱了一首歌。 1.7.2013 Let's look at these examples. "My friend let me use his bike." The verb "let" is followed by the bare infinitive "use". "I heard her sing a song." The verb "heard" is followed by the bare infinitive "sing". Remember, after these verbs, we don't use "to". ‹#› Practice 3: Choose the correct form Question 1 The teacher told us ______ (to study / study) hard. Question 2 I saw him ______ (to leave / leave) the classroom. 1.7.2013 Now, let's practice this important point. Please choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences. ‹#› Practice 3: Answers The teacher told usto studyhard. Explanation: "Told" is a verb that is typically followed by a "to" infinitive. I saw himleavethe classroom. Explanation: "Saw" is a sense verb and is followed by a bare infinitive (without "to"). 1.7.2013 Let's check the answers. The first one is "to study" because "told" is followed by a "to" infinitive. The second one is "leave" because "saw" is a sense verb and is followed by a bare infinitive. Well done! ‹#› Practice Time! Let's test what we've learned with some fun exercises 1.7.2013 Excellent! Now we have learned all the key points for today. It's time for some comprehensive practice to test what we've learned. Let's have fun! ‹#› Comprehensive Practice 1 Task Instruction Read the sentences carefully. Decide if each bold infinitive phrase functions as an object complement or an adverbial. Q1: I play the fluteto relax. Q2: I went to the sports centreto ice skate. Q3: I decidedto give it a go. 1.7.2013 Let's look at the first practice from your textbook. Please read the sentences carefully and decide whether the bold infinitive phrases are used as adverbials or object complements. ‹#› Comprehensive Practice 1: Answers 1. to relax Adverbial (目的状语) Indicates the purpose of the action. 2. to ice skate Adverbial (目的状语) Indicates the purpose of the action. 3. to give it a go Adverbial (目的状语) Modifies the verb 'decided'. 4. not to give up Object complement (宾语补足语) Explains what she told me to do. 1.7.2013 Now let's check the answers. Numbers 1, 2, and 3 are all adverbials of purpose, telling us the purpose of the actions. Number 4 is an object complement, explaining what she told me to do. Did you get them all right? ‹#› Comprehensive Practice 2 Task:Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. Conversation A: Thanks for your advice! It made me ______ (decide) to try skiing. B: You're welcome. Try ______ (forget) your fears and have fun! 2. Conversation A: My cousin often asks me ______ (fly) kites with her when it's windy. B: That sounds fun! I'd love to watch you ______ (fly) kites sometime. 3. Conversation A: I love to watch kung fu movies ______ (relax). B: Really! When I want ______ (relax), I watch animal videos. 4. Conversation A: My parents told me ______ (not push) myself too hard. B: Yes, it's important ______ (not forget) to relax once in a while. 1.7.2013 Now, let's move to Practice 2. Please complete these short conversations by filling in the blanks with the correct forms of the given verbs. ‹#› Comprehensive Practice 2: Answers A:Thanks for your advice! It made medecideto try skiing. B:You're welcome. Tryto forgetyour fears and have fun! A:My cousin often asks meto flykites with her when it's windy. B:That sounds fun! I'd love to watch youflykites sometime. A:I love to watch kung fu moviesto relax. B:Really! When I wantto relax, I watch animal videos. A:My parents told menot to pushmyself too hard. B:Yes, it's importantnot to forgetto relax once in a while. 1.7.2013 Let's check the answers together. 1. decide, to forget; 2. to fly, fly; 3. to relax, to relax; 4. not to push, not to forget. Pay attention to the verbs like "made", "watch" which are followed by bare infinitives, and verbs like "try", "asks", "want", "told" which are followed by "to" infinitives. ‹#› Comprehensive Practice 3 Task: Complete the Passage Verbs for reference: chat, not come, do, listen, play, spend, stay, watch My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends ______ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ______ after that. He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likes ______ at home and ______ movies, ______ to music, and ______ with friends online... 1.7.2013 For our last practice, let's complete this passage. Use the verbs from the box in their infinitive forms to fill in the blanks. This will test your overall understanding of the grammar points. ‹#› Comprehensive Practice 3: Answers My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friendsto playfootball and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decidednot to comeafter that. He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likesto stayat home andto watchmovies,to listento music, andto chatwith friends online... 1.7.2013 Here are the answers for the passage. 1. to play; 2. not to come; 3. to stay; 4. to watch; 5. to listen; 6. to chat. Great job! You've done a fantastic job with all the practices. ‹#› Fun Activity 1: Group Discussion Discussion Topic What do you want your friends/family to do for you? And what do they ask you to do? Classroom Instruction Discuss in groups of 4 and share your ideas with the class. 1.7.2013 Now, let's have a group discussion. The topic is: What do you want your friends or family to do for you? And what do they usually ask you to do? Please use the sentence patterns we've learned today. You have 5 minutes to discuss, and then we'll invite some groups to share. ‹#› Fun Activity 2: Make Sentences Situation 1: Asking for Help Scenario: You want your deskmate to explain a problem to you. Sentence: I ask my deskmate to explain this problem to me. Situation 2: Being Told to Do Scenario: Your mother tells you to clean your room. Sentence: My mother tells me to clean my room. Your Turn: Practice Time Now it's your turn! Think of a real-life situation where someone asks someone to do something, or someone is told to do something. Create your own sentences based on the grammar we just learned. 1.7.2013 Let's do another fun activity: making sentences based on situations. For example, if you want your deskmate to explain a problem, you can say "I ask my deskmate to explain this problem to me." Now, it's your turn. Create your own situations and make sentences with the grammar we learned. ‹#› Common Mistakes Mistake 1: Confusing "too...to..." and "enough to" Wrong: The box is too light to carry. Right: The box is light enough to carry. Mistake 2: Forgetting "to" after some verbs Wrong: My teacher told me study hard. Right: My teacher told me to study hard. Mistake 3: Adding "to" after make/let/see Wrong: He made me to cry. Right: He made me cry. 1.7.2013 Before we finish, let's go over some common mistakes students often make. Be careful with the differences between "too...to..." and "enough to". Also, remember which verbs need "to" and which don't after the object. ‹#› Comparison & Summary Adverbial (状语) Modifies / Describes The verb (how/why/where...). Often indicates purpose or result. Key Structures to do (表目的) enough to do sth. too ... to ... (表结果) Object Complement (宾补) Modifies / Describes The object. Describes or completes the meaning of the object. Key Structures want/ask/tell sb. to do make/let/see sb. do (不带to) 1.7.2013 Let's summarize what we've learned today with this table. Adverbials modify the verb, often showing purpose or result. Object complements describe or complete the object, and we need to remember the different verbs that go with them. ‹#› Summary 1.7.2013 Now, let's have a final summary of our lesson today. ‹#› Key Points Review Infinitives as Adverbials Purpose (目的) Structure: to do (e.g., I study hard to pass the exam.) Result (结果) Patterns: enough to do / too ... to do (e.g., He is old enough to go to school.) Infinitives as Object Complements With "to" Verbs: want, ask, tell sb. to do (e.g., My teacher told me to read more.) Without "to" (Bare Infinitive) Verbs: make, let, see sb. do (e.g., She made him clean the room.) 1.7.2013 Today, we mainly learned two uses of infinitives: as adverbials and as object complements. As adverbials, they can express purpose or result. As object complements, they can follow the object, sometimes with "to" and sometimes without, depending on the verb before the object. ‹#› Homework Finish the Exercises Please complete all the exercises on the textbook (Page ...). Make sure to check your answers carefully after finishing. Write 5 Sentences Write about your weekend plan or expectations for family/friends. Remember to use the infinitives we learned today. 1.7.2013 Here is your homework for today. First, finish the related exercises in your textbook. Second, write five sentences about your weekend plan or your expectations for your family and friends, using the infinitives we've learned. This will help you practice more. ‹#› Extended Reading My Relaxing Weekend I usually have a busy week at school, so I look forward to the weekendto relax. On Saturday mornings, I liketo sleeplateto getenough rest. In the afternoon, I often go to the parkto playbasketball with my friends. My parents want meto spendmore time with the family, so we usually have a big dinner together on Saturday evenings. On Sundays, I liketo stayat hometo readbooks orto watchmovies. It's importantto relaxand do things I enjoyto getready for the new week. 1.7.2013 For those who want to practice more, here is a short passage for extended reading. It's about "My Relaxing Weekend" and contains many infinitive phrases we learned today. Please read it carefully and try to find all the infinitive phrases and tell their functions. ‹#› Fun Fact Relaxation Idioms In English, there are many idioms related to relaxation. Here are some common ones: Chill out- To calm down and relax. Take it easy- To not worry about things. Let your hair down- To relax completely. 1.7.2013 Before we end the class, here's a fun fact for you. In English, we have many informal ways to say "relax", like "chill out" or "take it easy". You can use them with your friends to sound more natural! ‹#› Thank You! Any Questions? 1.7.2013 That's all for today's class. You all did a wonderful job! Thank you for your hard work. If you have any questions about today's lesson, feel free to ask me after class. Have a nice day! ‹#› $