2026届高三英语二轮复习之定语从句 导学案

英语二轮复习之定语从句 定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一_________ 或_________的从句叫定语从句，定语从句也可以修饰__________。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：______________________________ 叫先行词。 3．关系词：________________________ 叫关系词。分为 ___________ 和___________。 关系词通常两个作用：A、___________________；B、________________________。1) 关系代词有 ________, ________, ________, whom, whose, as等；其中，that即可指____又可指____，在定语从句中既可做_____也可做______。which仅指____，在定语从句中可做______也可做______。who仅指_____，在定语从句中可做_______也可做_______。whom指____，在定语从句中做_____。whose可指____或____，在定语从句中做______。当关系代词在从句中做宾语时，_____________ 。 2) 关系副词有________, when, why等。在从句中分别做地点、时间和原因状语。 3) 注意：引导定语从句的关系代词没有_________，关系副词没有_________。 定语从句高考考点： 考点一、考查关系代词和关系副词的选择； 请试着完成下列句子，每空只填一个词： 1. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 2. Their child is at the stage _______she can say individual words but not full sentences. 3. One afternoon _______ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 4. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______she opened with her late husband Les. 5. They were all well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 6. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. 7. The students benefiting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged in academic life. （一）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who  指_____，在定语从句中作______或______。 1).English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.. 2).This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 3).Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. 4). The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 5).The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 6). Next month, the city will open a new park to honor those who died in the terrible disaster. 7). The park will also honor those who helped the survivors. 8).…and imagine that you are the student who has been invited to give a speech. 9) .The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 10). The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 11). But the one million of the people, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 2．whom  指______，在定语从句中做______，常可______。 12). Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to? 13). Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?  注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend. 3．which 指______，在定语从句中做______或______，做宾语时____________。 14). Another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 15). Can you understand the different kinds of English(that/which) these people are using? 16). It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 17). …another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 18). We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful. 19). It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 4．that 指人时，相当于______ 或______；指物时，相当于______。在定语从句中作______或______，作宾语时____________。 20). …because nature is one thing that must be experienced. 21). With a partner, list the countries that use English as an official language. 22). Look at the map on page 18 and list the countries that the Mekong River flows through. 23). She gave me a determined look--- the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind. 24). We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. 25).…the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River. 26). We saw so many beautiful things: a glacier that flowed like a river of ice through a valley that cut the mountains into two parts. 27). We also discovered a river that was falling off the mountain and became a wonderful waterfall. 28). A huge crack that was 8 kilometers long and 30 meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 29). They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries. 30). A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 31). They could not get the job they wanted. 5．whose  通常指______，也可指______，在定语从句中做______。 32). Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 33). Many buildings whose damage was beyond repair have been rebuilt. *Dr Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.(2020天津) *In Ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020课标III) 注意： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. =__________________________________________________________________________ =__________________________________________________________________________ Many buildings whose damage was beyond repair have been rebuilt. =__________________________________________________________________________ =__________________________________________________________________________ （二）关系副词引导的定语从句 1．when  指时间，在定语从句中作______________。 34). I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 35). For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose… 36). The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 37). However this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 38). The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 2．where  指地点，在定语从句中作_______________。 39). It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 40). The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 41). …until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 42). The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. 43). We will reach Dai in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. 3．why  指原因，在定语从句中作_______________。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.  I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 考点二、that与which引导的定语从句的区别； 1. 只用which不用that的情况： 1). Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free.(2020江苏) 2) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 2. 只用that不用which的情况： a. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。 b. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。 c. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 d. 当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。 e. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。Which is the book ____ you bought? f. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。 考点三、考查定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法 1. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction (建造) _____ has taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 2. 关系副词=介词+which 3. whose+名词= 1) The school shop, ____ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 2) The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 4. 定语从句也可由“代词/数词/ the+最高级/比较级等+介词+关系代词”引出。 ① 数(代)词或比较等级+of+ which(指物); ② 数(代)词或比较等级+of+ whom(指人); Smith has two daughters, both of whom are clever. Smith has two daughters, the taller of whom is clever. 1) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it somewhat differently . A. which B. what C. them D. those 2) Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _____ she spoke fluently (流利地). A. who B. whom C. which D. that 5. 几个特殊句式：“介词+which+名词”、“介词＋whose ＋名词”、from where/ since when等引导的定语从句。 He came back late, by ______ time all the guests had already left. The families at ______ house we stayed are friends of my father’s. We stood at the top of the hill, from ______ we can see the town. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 38). It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 45). The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 36). We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 39). He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 注意： 1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面，如 look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch for which I am looking .     (误) This is the watch _______________________________.     (正)   The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.    (误) The babies ____________________________________________________.    (正)  2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用________，不可用________或_______；关系代词指物时只可用________，不可用________。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbor.     (误) The man _______________ you talked just now is my neighbor.     (正)   The man _______________________________ just now is my neighbor. (正)  The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.     (误) The plane _______________ we flew to Canada was really comfortable.     (正) The plane ___________________________________ was really comfortable. (正) ３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。 He loves his parents deeply, ____________ (both of whom / both of them) are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, _____________ (some of which / some of them) have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all,  ________________ (most of which / most of them / most of whom / most of who) are from the countryside. Up to now, he has written ten stories, ______________ (three of that / three of them / three of which / three of what ) are about country life. 4. 介词的选用原则：1) ______________；2) ______________；3) ______________。 （做题方法：____________________________________________________） It was unlucky that there was no one ________ whom he could turn for help at such a late hour. (解题思路) ---He could turn ________ no one for help at such a late hour. The man ________ whom this umbrella belongs is really worth praising. (解题思路) ---This umbrella belongs ________ the man. He said that there were still two things ________ which he was not too sure. (解题思路) ---He was not too sure ________ two things. He lost his glasses, ________ which he was like a blind man. (解题思路) ---He was like a blind man ________ his glasses. He dug a hole in the wall, ________ which he could see what was going on inside. (解题思路) ---He could see what was going on inside ________ the hole. 考点四、对“as”引导定语从句及as与which引导定语从句的区别的考查； 1) as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前有_______________________修饰。 当有_______修饰时，用as引导定语从句表示__________，用that表示__________。 当名词前有such / so 时， 用______引导定语从句，在从句中充当成分，而______引导结果状语从句，在从句中不充当成分。 This is the same dictionary as I bought last weekend. (这本词典和我上周末买的一样。) This is the same dictionary that I bought last weekend. (这本词典就是我上周末买的那本。) He is such a clever boy as we all like. (as在从句中代替boy做like的宾语。) He is such a clever boy that we all like him. (that在从句中不充当成分) 2) as 引导非限制性定语从句时，与which的区别，一是______：as引导的非限制性定语从句置于____________，which引导的非限制性定语从句需置于______；二是______：as表示“______，______”，which表示“______”。 He passed the driving test at the first attempt, ______ we had expected. He passed the driving test at the first attempt, ______ we hadn’t expected. 1. Such people ________ were present at the meeting all supported the new proposal. 2. The old temple, ________ dates back to the Ming Dynasty, attracts thousands of tourists annually. 3. We need such materials ________ can bear high temperatures and extreme pressure. 4. ________ is known to all, the college entrance examination is a crucial turning point in one's life. 5. She failed the exam again, ________ was expected by most of her classmates. 6. My new laptop, ________ cost me a fortune, suddenly broke down yesterday. 7. He won the first prize, ________ was beyond his wildest dreams. 8. He passed the driving test on his first attempt, ________ surprised everyone present. 9. He bought the same dictionary ________ I borrowed from the library last week. 10. She refused to apologize for her mistake, ________ made her parents extremely disappointed. 11. ________ is reported in today’s newspaper, the government will raise teachers’ salaries. 12. The government will raise teachers’ salaries, ________ is reported in today’s newspaper. 13. This is such a difficult problem ________ puzzles all the students. 14. This is such a difficult problem ________ it puzzles all the students. 考点五、几个特殊的先行词 第一组: 当time, place, reason, way充当先行词时，如果关系词在从句中做状语，用与之对应的关系副词_______/______/_____，也可用______加______，口语中可以省略； 2) I still remember the time (______ / ______ / ______ ) we studied together for the college entrance examination. 我仍然记得我们一起为高考奋斗的那段时光。 3) This is the place (______ / ______ / ______ ) I spent my childhood and developed a lifelong love for reading. 这就是我度过童年并培养了对阅读终身热爱的地方。 6) Can you explain the reason (______ / ______ / ______ ) so many students are addicted to mobile phones nowadays? 你能解释一下如今这么多学生沉迷手机的原因吗？ 7) The way (______ / ______ ) he solved the complex problem impressed all the teachers deeply. 他解决那个复杂问题的方式给所有老师留下了深刻印象。 第二组: 当point, position, situation, stage, case, atmosphere, occasion, career, circumstance, condition...充当先行词，如果关系词在从句中做状语，可以根据含义理解成____________或者____________，用______或______引导定语从句。 1) We are facing a situation ______ traditional values conflict with modern lifestyles, which requires wisdom to balance. 我们正面临一个传统价值观与现代生活方式冲突的局面，这需要智慧来平衡。 2) Adolescence is a stage ______ teenagers seek independence while still needing parental guidance and support. 青春期是一个青少年寻求独立但仍需父母指导和支持的阶段。 3) This is a typical case ______ lack of communication leads to serious misunderstanding between friends. 这是一个典型的因缺乏沟通而导致朋友间严重误解的案例。 4) The school has created an atmosphere ______ students feel encouraged to express creative ideas freely. 学校营造了一种让学生感到可以自由表达创意氛围。 5) Graduation is an occasion ______ we reflect on past achievements and look forward to future challenges. 毕业是一个我们回顾过去成就并展望未来挑战的时刻。 考点六、与并列句、状语从句、名词性从句以及与强调句型的混合考查； He wrote many stories all his life, most of ________ were not even known at all. He wrote many stories all his life; most of ________ were not even known at all. He wrote many stories all his life, and most of ________ were not even known at all. ________ is known to all, light travels faster than sound. ________ is known to all that light travels faster than sound. ________ is known to all is that light travels faster than sound. ---Where did you meet Tom for the first time? ---It was in the office ________ he was working. (It was in the office where he was working ________ I met him for the first time.) 考点七、关系词代替先行词在从句中做主语，从句谓语动词单复数的处理。 He is one of the boys who ________ (play) football well. (先行词是______) He is the only one of the boys who ________ (play) football well. (先行词是______) 还可能根据定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数，考察关系词的使用。 He once worked on the farm with the farmers for three years, ________ has a great influence on him in his later life. (先行词是______) He once worked on the farm with the farmers for three years, ________ have a great influence on him in his later life. (先行词是______) Exercises: 每空只填入一词 (含2022-2025各地高考真题改编) 1. We need to find a quiet place ________ we can concentrate on preparing for the upcoming exam. 2. My sister, ________ works as a doctor in a hospital, will come to see me this weekend. 3. I don’t like the way ________ he speaks to others, which seems rather rude and impolite. 4. The house ________ roof was damaged in the storm will be repaired soon. 5. The reason why he failed the exam was that he underestimated the importance of daily review. 6. The girl with ________ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin. 7. The reason ________ she gave for not coming to the party was not convincing. 8. The reason ________ he was late for class was that his bike broke down. 9. There comes a time ________ you must make crucial decisions that will shape your entire future life. 10. She has built a successful career ________ passion and professional skills combine perfectly together. 11. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) 12. On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (2022年全国甲卷) 13. There was once a town in the heart of America, ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings. (2023年全国甲卷) 14. The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________ hair color looked just perfect. (2023年全国乙卷) 15. Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024年全国甲卷) 16. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. (2024年浙江1月卷) 17. October 1st is the day ________ we celebrate the founding of our country. (2024年全国乙卷) 18. He talked about the teachers and schools ________ he had visited during his trip. (2024年北京卷) 19. This is the place ________ the accident happened last night. (2024年江苏卷) 20. We’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together exploring the ancient town. (2024年浙江卷6月) 21. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. (2025年全国一卷) 22. I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ________ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. (2025年全国二卷) 23. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ________ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2023. (2025年北京卷) 24. The old library ________ we used to borrow books was rebuilt last year and now serves as a community center. (2025年新课标Ⅰ卷) 25. The scientist ________ research on AI has made great progress gave a speech at our school. (2025年北京卷) 26. She showed me the photo album ________ she kept all the memories of her childhood. (2025年山东卷) 27.This is the best film ________ I have ever seen in the past five years. (2025年天津卷) 28. We live in an age ________ technology is developing at an amazing speed. (2025年广东卷) 29. The student ________ won the first prize in the English contest is from our class. (2025年福建卷) 30. Is there anything ________ I can do to help you with your project? (2025年陕西卷) 参考答案 英语二轮复习之定语从句 定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词 或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句也可以修饰整个句子。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词 叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的连词 叫关系词。分为 关系代词 和关系副词。 关系词通常两个作用：A、连接主句和从句；B、代替先行词在从句中充当成分。1) 关系代词有 who, which, that, whom, whose, as等；其中，that即可指人又可指物，在定语从句中既可做主语也可做宾语。which仅指物，在定语从句中可做主语也可做宾语。who仅指人，在定语从句中可做主语也可做宾语。whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。whose可指人或物，在定语从句中做定语。当关系代词在从句中做宾语时，可以省略 。 2) 关系副词有where, when, why等。在从句中分别做地点、时间和原因状语。 3) 注意：引导定语从句的关系代词没有what，关系副词没有how。 定语从句高考考点： 考点一、考查关系代词和关系副词的选择； 请试着完成下列句子，每空只填一个词： 1. We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 2. Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 3. One afternoon when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 4. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les. 5. They were all well trained by their masters who / that had great experience with caring for these animals. 6. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth which / that gives off light in the dark. 7. The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life. （一）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who  指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 1).English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.. 2).This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 3).Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. 4). The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 5).The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 6). Next month, the city will open a new park to honor those who died in the terrible disaster. 7). The park will also honor those who helped the survivors. 8).…and imagine that you are the student who has been invited to give a speech. 9) .The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 10). The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 11). But the one million of the people, who thought little of these events, were sleep as usual that night. 2．whom  指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 12). Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to? 13). Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?  注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend. 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。 14). Another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 15). Can you understand the different kinds of English(that/which) these people are using? 16). It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 17). …another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 18). We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful. 19). It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 20). …because nature is one thing that must be experienced. 21). With a partner, list the countries that use English as an official language. 22). Look at the map on page 18 and list the countries that the Mekong River flows through. 23). She gave me a determined look--- the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind. 24). We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. 25).…the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River. 26). We saw so many beautiful things: a glacier that flowed like a river of ice through a valley that cut the mountains into two parts. 27). We also discovered a river that was falling off the mountain and became a wonderful waterfall. 28). A huge crack that was 8 kilometers long and 30 meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 29). They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries. 30). A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 31). They could not get the job they wanted. 5．whose  通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 32). Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 33). Many buildings whose damage was beyond repair have been rebuilt. *Dr Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.(2020天津) *In Ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. (2020课标III) 注意： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. =Workers built shelters for survivors the homes of whom had been destroyed. =Workers built shelters for survivors of whom the homes had been destroyed. Many buildings whose damage was beyond repair have been rebuilt. =Many buildings the damage of which was beyond repair have been rebuilt. =Many buildings of which the damage was beyond repair have been rebuilt. （二）关系副词引导的定语从句 1．when  指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 34). I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 35). For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose… 36). The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 37). However this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 38). The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 2．where  指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 39). It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 40). The school where I was studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 41). …until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 42). The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. 43). We will reach Dai in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. 3．why  指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.  I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 考点二、that与which引导的定语从句的区别； 1. 只用which不用that的情况： 1). Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.(2020江苏) 2) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 2. 只用that不用which的情况： a. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。 b. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。 c. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 d. 当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。 e. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。Which is the book that you bought? f. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。 考点三、考查定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法 1. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction (建造) _____ has taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 2. 关系副词=介词+which 3. whose+名词= the+ n.+of which / whom或of which / whom + the + n. 1) The school shop, ____ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 2) The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 4. 定语从句也可由“代词/数词/ the+最高级/比较级等+介词+关系代词”引出。 ① 数(代)词或比较等级+of+ which(指物); ② 数(代)词或比较等级+of+ whom(指人); Smith has two daughters, both of whom are clever. Smith has two daughters, the taller of whom is clever. 1) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it somewhat differently . A. which B. what C. them D. those 2) Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _____ she spoke fluently (流利地). A. who B. whom C. which D. that 5. 几个特殊句式：“介词+which+名词”、“介词＋whose ＋名词”、from where/ since when等引导的定语从句。 He came back late, by which time all the guests had already left. The families at whose house we stayed are friends of my father’s. We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 38). It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 45). The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 36). We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 39). He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 注意： 1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面，如 look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch for which I am looking .     (误) This is the watch which I am looking for.     (正)   The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.    (误) The babies whom the nurse is looking after are very healthy.    (正)  2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who或that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbor.     (误) The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.     (正)   The man who / that / whom you talked with just now is my neighbor. (正)  The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.     (误) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.     (正) The plane which / that we flew to Canada in was really comfortable. (正) ３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。 He loves his parents deeply, ___________ (both of whom / both of them) are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, ____________ (some of which / some of them) have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all,  _______________ (most of which / most of them / most of whom / most of who) are from the countryside. Up to now, he has written ten stories, _____________ (three of that / three of them / three of which / three of what ) are about country life. 4. 介词的选用原则：1)根据句意；2)根据介词与先行词搭配；3) 根据介词与从句中动词或形容词搭配。（做题方法：将关系词替换成先行词，按照语序调整定语从句） It was unlucky that there was no one to whom he could turn for help at such a late hour. (解题思路) ---He could turn to no one for help at such a late hour. (turn to sb. for help) The man to whom this umbrella belongs is really worth praising. (解题思路) ---This umbrella belongs to the man. (belong to) He said that there were still two things of / about which he was not too sure. (解题思路) ---He was not too sure of / about two things. (be sure of / about) He lost his glasses, without which he was like a blind man. (解题思路) ---He was like a blind man without his glasses. He dug a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on inside. (解题思路) ---He could see what was going on inside through the hole. 考点四、对“as”引导定语从句及as与which引导定语从句的区别的考查； 1) as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前有as / so / such / the same修饰。 当有the same修饰时，用as引导定语从句表示同一类，用that表示同一个。 当名词前有such / so 时， 用as引导定语从句，在从句中充当成分，而that引导结果状语从句，在从句中不充当成分。 This is the same dictionary as I bought last weekend. (这本词典和我上周末买的一样。) This is the same dictionary that I bought last weekend. (这本词典就是我上周末买的那本。) He is such a clever boy as we all like. (as在从句中代替boy做like的宾语。) He is such a clever boy that we all like him. (that在从句中不充当成分) 2) as 引导非限制性定语从句时，与which的区别，一是位置：as引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句前后均可，which引导的非限制性定语从句需置于主句之后；二是含义：as表示“正如，就像”，which表示“这一点”。 He passed the driving test at the first attempt, as / which we had expected. He passed the driving test at the first attempt, which we hadn’t expected. 1. Such people as were present at the meeting all supported the new proposal. 2. The old temple, which dates back to the Ming Dynasty, attracts thousands of tourists annually. 3. We need such materials as can bear high temperatures and extreme pressure. 4. As is known to all, the college entrance examination is a crucial turning point in one's life. 5. She failed the exam again, which was expected by most of her classmates. 6. My new laptop, which cost me a fortune, suddenly broke down yesterday. 7. He won the first prize, which was beyond his wildest dreams. 8. He passed the driving test on his first attempt, which surprised everyone present. 9. He bought the same dictionary as I borrowed from the library last week. 10. She refused to apologize for her mistake, which made her parents extremely disappointed. 11. As is reported in today’s newspaper, the government will raise teachers’ salaries. 12. The government will raise teachers’ salaries, as / which is reported in today’s newspaper. 13. This is such a difficult problem as puzzles all the students. 14. This is such a difficult problem that it puzzles all the students. 考点五、几个特殊的先行词 第一组: 当time, place, reason, way充当先行词时，如果关系词在从句中做状语，用与之对应的关系副词when, where, why，也可用介词加which，口语中可以省略； 2) I still remember the time ( when / during which / that ) we studied together for the college entrance examination. 我仍然记得我们一起为高考奋斗的那段时光。 3) This is the place ( where / at which / that ) I spent my childhood and developed a lifelong love for reading. 这就是我度过童年并培养了对阅读终身热爱的地方。 6) Can you explain the reason ( why / for which / that ) so many students are addicted to mobile phones nowadays? 你能解释一下如今这么多学生沉迷手机的原因吗？ 7) The way ( in which / that ) he solved the complex problem impressed all the teachers deeply. 他解决那个复杂问题的方式给所有老师留下了深刻印象。 第二组: 当point, position, situation, stage, case, atmosphere, occasion, career, circumstance, condition...充当先行词，如果关系词在从句中做状语，可以根据含义理解成抽象的地点状语或者时间状语，用where或when引导定语从句。 1) We are facing a situation where traditional values conflict with modern lifestyles, which requires wisdom to balance. 我们正面临一个传统价值观与现代生活方式冲突的局面，这需要智慧来平衡。 2) Adolescence is a stage where teenagers seek independence while still needing parental guidance and support. 青春期是一个青少年寻求独立但仍需父母指导和支持的阶段。 3) This is a typical case where lack of communication leads to serious misunderstanding between friends. 这是一个典型的因缺乏沟通而导致朋友间严重误解的案例。 4) The school has created an atmosphere where students feel encouraged to express creative ideas freely. 学校营造了一种让学生感到可以自由表达创意氛围。 5) Graduation is an occasion when we reflect on past achievements and look forward to future challenges. 毕业是一个我们回顾过去成就并展望未来挑战的时刻。 考点六、与并列句、状语从句、名词性从句以及与强调句型的混合考查； He wrote many stories all his life, most of which were not even known at all. He wrote many stories all his life; most of them were not even known at all. He wrote many stories all his life, and most of them were not even known at all. As is known to all, light travels faster than sound. It is known to all that light travels faster than sound. What is known to all is that light travels faster than sound. ---Where did you meet Tom for the first time? ---It was in the office where he was working. (It was in the office where he was working that I met him for the first time.) 考点七、关系词代替先行词在从句中做主语，从句谓语动词单复数的处理。 He is one of the boys who play (play) football well. (先行词是boys) He is the only one of the boys who plays (play) football well. (先行词是the only one) 还可能根据定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数，考察关系词的使用。 He once worked on the farm with the farmers for three years, which has a great influence on him in his later life. (先行词是前边整个句子) He once worked on the farm with the farmers for three years, who have a great influence on him in his later life. (先行词是farmers) Exercises: 1. where 2. who 3. that 4. whose 5. why 6. whom 7. that / which 8. where 9. when 10. where 11. that 12. who 13. where 14. whose 15. which 16. that / which 17. when 18. that 19. where 20. that / which 21. which 22. where 23. which 24. where 25. whose 26. where 27. that 28. when 29. who 30. that 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $