Unit3语法讲解与习题：直接引语与间接引语、感官动词 讲义2025-2026学年北师大版英语八年级下册

北师大版英语八下Unit3语法讲解与习题 直接引语与间接引语、感官动词 一、直接引语与间接引语（Direct and Indirect Speech） （一）定义与区别 1. 直接引语 直接引用别人的原话，通常放在引号内，时态和人称保持不变。 例句：My grandpa said to my grandma, "There are two passports in it." 2. 间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话，不需要引号，需要根据语境调整人称、时态、指示词等。 例句：My grandpa said (that) there were two passports in it. （二）转换规则 1. 陈述句 用 that 引导（口语中可省略），时态、人称、时间状语等相应变化。 例句：He said, "I'm afraid of dogs." → He said (that) he was afraid of dogs. 2. 特殊疑问句（wh-questions） 保留疑问词（what, where, when, how等），语序变为陈述语序。 例句：He asked, "Where is the forest?" → He asked where the forest was. 3. 一般疑问句（yes/no questions） 用 if 或 whether 引导，语序变为陈述语序。 例句：The student asked, "Can I choose again?" → The student asked if/whether he could choose again. （三）时态变化（主句为过去时） 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 一般将来时 → 过去将来时 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 二、感官动词（Sense Verbs） （一）定义与用法 1. 常见感官动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel, see, hear, watch, notice等。 2. 用法结构： 感官动词 + 形容词：表示“看起来/听起来/闻起来/尝起来/感觉起来……” 例句：The music sounds beautiful.（这音乐听起来很美。） 例句：The cake tastes sweet.（这蛋糕尝起来很甜。） 感官动词 + sb. do/doing sth.： do 表示动作的全过程（如see sb. do sth.） doing 表示动作正在进行（如see sb. doing sth.） 例句：I saw him cross the road.（我看见他过了马路。） 例句：I heard her singing in the next room.（我听见她在隔壁唱歌。） 三、练习题 直接引语与间接引语 A. 陈述句转换 1. "I don't want to win that way," Daniel said. → Daniel said that he __________ want to win that way. 2. "There are two passports in it," my grandpa said to my grandma. → My grandpa told my grandma that there __________ two passports in it. 3. "I'm afraid of dogs," he said. → He said that he __________ afraid of dogs. 4. "I will help you," she said to me. → She told me that she __________ help me. 5. "They are playing football," he said. → He said that they __________ playing football. B. 特殊疑问句转换 6. "Where is the forest?" he asked. → He asked where the forest __________. 7. "When will the teacher answer us?" they asked. → They asked when the teacher __________ answer them. 8. "What are you doing?" she asked me. → She asked me what I __________ doing. 9. "How do you go to school?" he asked her. → He asked her how she __________ to school. 10. "Who is your best friend?" I asked him. → I asked him who his best friend __________. C. 一般疑问句转换 11. "Can I choose again?" the student asked. → The student asked if he __________ choose again. 12. "Have you all chosen the fruit you feel is the best?" he asked. → He asked if they had all chosen the fruit they __________ was the best. 13. "Do you like playing basketball?" she asked me. → She asked me if I __________ playing basketball. 14. "Will you come to my party?" he asked her. → He asked her if she __________ come to his party. 15. "Are you ready for the exam?" the teacher asked us. → The teacher asked us if we __________ ready for the exam. D. 单项选择 16. She said that she __________ to the zoo the next day. A. will go B. would go C. goes D. went 17. He asked me __________ I had finished my homework. A. if B. that C. what D. when 18. The teacher asked us __________ we were late for school. A. what B. why C. if D. that 19. My mother told me that she __________ a new bike for me. A. buys B. bought C. has bought D. had bought 20. He said that he __________ to Beijing twice. A. has been B. had been C. went D. goes 感官动词 A. 用所给词的适当形式填空 21. The music __________ (sound) very beautiful. 22. I saw him __________ (play) football on the playground yesterday. 23. She felt the ground __________ (shake) when the earthquake happened. 24. The flowers __________ (smell) sweet. 25. I heard her __________ (sing) a song in the next room just now. B. 句型转换（5题） 26. I saw him enter the room. (改为被动语态) → He was seen __________ enter the room. 27. She heard a baby cry in the next room. (改为否定句) → She __________ hear a baby cry in the next room. 28. The cake tastes delicious. (改为感叹句) → __________ delicious the cake tastes! 29. He noticed a boy playing basketball. (对画线部分提问) → What did he notice a boy __________? 30. The story sounds interesting. (改为同义句) → The story sounds __________ an interesting one. C. 单项选择 31. The music sounds __________. A. well B. good C. beautifully D. nicely 32. I saw him __________ the street when I was walking past. A. cross B. crossing C. to cross D. crossed 33. The soup smells __________. I want to have some. A. bad B. badly C. good D. well 34. She felt her heart __________ fast when she heard the news. A. beat B. beating C. to beat D. beaten 35. We watched the children __________ in the park. A. play B. to play C. played D. playing 四、答案与解析 直接引语与间接引语 A. 陈述句转换 1. didn't 2. were 3. was 4. would 5. were B. 特殊疑问句转换 6. was 7. would 8. was 9. went 10. was C. 一般疑问句转换 11. could 12. felt 13. liked 14. would 15. were D. 单项选择 16. B 解析：主句为过去时，从句用过去将来时。 17. A 解析：if 引导一般疑问句作宾语。 18. B 解析：why 引导特殊疑问句作宾语。 19. D 解析：主句为过去时，从句用过去完成时。 20. B 解析：主句为过去时，从句用过去完成时。 感官动词 A. 用所给词的适当形式填空 21. sounds 22. play 23. shaking 24. smell 25. sing B. 句型转换 26. to 解析：被动语态中，感官动词后的不定式要加 to。 27. didn't 解析：一般过去时的否定句用 didn't。 28. How 解析：感叹句结构：How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。 29. doing 解析：对 playing 提问用 doing。 30. like C. 单项选择 31. B 解析：sound 后接形容词作表语。 32. B 解析：see sb. doing sth. 表示看见某人正在做某事。 33. C 解析：smell 后接形容词作表语。 34. B 解析：feel sb./sth. doing sth. 表示感觉……正在做某事。 35. A 解析：watch sb. do sth. 表示看见某人做某事的全过程。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $