重难点19 词法&句法大综合（重难专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点19 词法&句法大综合(综合练) ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 词法 ： 1. 动词的 “三巨头” — — 时态、语态、非谓语 2. 冠词与介词——小词大麻烦 3. 代词——指代清晰是关键 句法： 1 . 三大从句——定语从句是王冠 2. 特殊句式——提分 的“快捷键” 3. 主谓一致与并列结构——基础的严谨性 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 一、词法攻坚利器 1. 动词“三棱镜”——时态、语态、非谓语 ： 时间轴+主被动判断矩阵 2. 冠词与介词“定位仪” ： 特指/泛指判断流程图 + 介词空间图 3. 代词“追踪器” ： 前指三步法 二、句法破局利器 1 . 三大从句 “解码器” ： 从句剥离术 + 成分分析法 2. 特 殊句式“识别码” ： 倒装/强调/虚拟公式验证法 3. 一致性“平衡尺” ： 划主干，比并列 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 语法填空、完形填空等2 种类型可稳拿分数题 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 完形填空、阅读理解、读后续写等3 种类型 中、 高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【命题趋势】 准确把握高考英语词法和句法的命题趋势，是进行高效备考的“战略导航”。近年来，高考英语语法考查已发生深刻转型，其核心趋势可概括为：“去知识化、重语境化、强应用化”。 一、总体命题趋势：四大转型 1. 从“孤立考规则”转向“语篇考应用” 趋势：纯粹的语法单选题已退出历史舞台。词法、句法的考查全面融入语法填空、短文改错、书面表达、甚至阅读和完形中。 表现：你不再只是判断“哪个选项正确”，而是在一篇有完整逻辑的短文(语法填空、改错)或一个复杂句子(长难句分析)中，判断“此处应该用什么形式”。 备考指向：必须培养在语境中分析句子结构、根据上下文逻辑选择正确语法形式的能力。 2. 从“死记硬背”转向“深度理解” 趋势：考查重点从机械记忆规则(如“哪些动词后跟不定式”)，转向对语法功能的深度理解(如“为什么这里用非谓语动词作状语，而不用从句？”)。 表现：试题偏爱设置“长难句”，要求考生剥离修饰成分，抓住主干，理解句内逻辑关系(如因果、转折、条件)。 备考指向：强化句子成分分析训练，特别是对非谓语动词短语、各类从句在句中充当成分的判断。 3. 从“单一考点”转向“综合交叉” 趋势：一道题往往融合多个语法点。 表现：例如，在语法填空中，一个动词的空格可能同时涉及时态、语态和主谓一致；一个定语从句可能结合介词+关系代词的考查。 备考指向：建立系统的语法网络，而非零散的知识点。解题时需进行多维度思考。 4. 从“知识本位”转向“能力与素养本位” 趋势：命题紧密联系中国传统文化、社会经济发展、科技前沿成果等主题语境。 表现：语法文本材料本身就是关于“非遗传承”、“碳中和”、“人工智能”等内容。考查的不仅是语法，更是用英语理解和表达时代主题的能力。 备考指向：关注时事热点，积累相关话题的词汇和表达，在真实语境中活化语法知识。 二、词法命题趋势聚焦 1. 动词(永恒的核心)： 非谓语动词：占比最大、难度最高的考点。命题青睐其在语篇中作状语、定语、宾补的灵活用法，尤其强调与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系判断。 时态和语态：更侧重在叙事性语篇中考查时态的连贯与呼应(如过去完成时与一般过去时的配合)，以及在科技、说明文中考查被动语态的客观表达。 情态动词：重点考查其在具体语境中表达的推测、可能、虚拟等深层含义，而不仅是基本用法。 2. 冠词、介词、代词：这些“小词”的考查更强调地道性和习惯搭配。尤其是介词，在固定短语、动词短语中的用法是高频考点。代词的考查重点在于语篇中的指代关系(如前指、后指)，确保行文连贯。 三、句法命题趋势聚焦 1. 三大从句： 定语从句：仍是句法考查的“重中之重”。趋势是关系词的选择更加灵活，常与介词搭配(for which, in whom)，并出现在非限制性定语从句中，考查对主句的补充说明功能。 名词性从句：重点考查主语从句、同位语从句，以及连接词(whether, that, what)在具体语境中的辨析。 状语从句：考查连词在复杂逻辑关系(如让步、条件、方式)中的准确使用，且常与倒装句式结合。 2. 特殊句式： 倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气：这些“高级句式”不仅是解题考点，更是书面表达中的提分亮点。命题倾向于在阅读或语法填空中设置，考查考生识别和理解其强化语气、突出信息功能的能力。 【技巧一：词法在语法填空中的变化】 高考英语语法填空中，词法的考查是核心内容，其呈现方式高度系统化且语境化。掌握以下规律，能让你在解题时快速定位考点，实现精准得分。 一、动词：考查最频繁，形式最灵活 1. 给出动词原形——必考变形 作谓语：需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。作非谓语：需判断在句中的功能。作主语/宾语：常用v.-ing (动名词)。作目的、结果、未来：常用to do (不定式)。作状语或定语：分析逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系。 2. 无提示词空格——可能是助动词或情态动词 根据上下文时态或语气判断。 二、名词：考查单复数与词性转换 1. 给出名词——常考单复数：根据语境、冠词、数词、主谓一致判断。 2. 给出形容词或动词——可能需转换为名词：空格前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词，或空格在句中作主语/宾语时，考虑用名词形式。 三、形容词与副词：考查比较级、最高级及相互转换 1. 给出形容词或副词——常考比较结构：注意than, much, even, one of ...等比较级或最高级信号词。 2. 词性转换 修饰名词用形容词：a/an/the/the most + ______ + n. 修饰动词/形容词/句子用副词：v. + ______ / ______ + adj. / ，______ ， 四、代词：考查指代与格的变化 1. 给出人称代词——考格的变化(主格/宾格/所有格)：分析在句中作主语、宾语还是定语。 2. 无提示词空格——可能是反身代词或不定代词：当主语和宾语为同一人时，用反身代词。根据语境需要填it, one, another, other等。 【典例1】(2026浙江高考首考 语法填空) There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 56 (finish) heating, but my mum did it. One of my earliest memories is being held 57 her arms, counting down the flashing green 58 (number) together. Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes 59 (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 60 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream 61 always ended in laughter. My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember 62 (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over 63 uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. She would speed up, the wind blowing our hair back 64 my tiny voice singing out, “Weeee-eee-eee!” I realise now that Mum didn’t find the joy in these tasks: she created it. Who cares if neighbours can hear you singing along to a microwave? Life is full of so many 65 (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 【答案】56. to finish 57. in 58. numbers 59. watching 60. excitement 61. that / which 62. being pushed 63. the 64. and 65. seemingly 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光，以及母亲如何将平凡的日常活动变得充满乐趣。 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣，但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find，此处为非谓语动词，wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”，所以用finish的不定式形式to finish，作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 57. 考查介词。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。固定搭配in one’s arms表示“在某人的怀里”。故填in。 58. 考查名词复数。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number“数字”是可数名词，此处指多个数字，应用复数形式，作宾语。故填numbers。 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时，兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻：哔！本句已有谓语动词would dance，此处为独立主格结构，our eyes与watch之间为主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填 watching。 60. 考查名词。句意：她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，仿佛那是火箭发射的倒计时，兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积：叮！本空与后面的tension为并列关系，共同作主语，需用excite的名词形式excitement“兴奋”。故填excitement。 61. 考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式，作宾语。故填being pushed。 63. 考查冠词。句意：我记得在超市推着手推车，在凹凸不平的停车场地面就像坐过山车一样。此处特指凹凸不平的停车场地面，应用定冠词the。故填the。 64. 考查连词。句意：她会加速，风吹着我们的头发向后飘，而我小小的声音喊着：“Weeee-eee-eee！”本空连接两个并列的独立主格结构the wind blowing our hair back和my tiny voice singing out为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 65. 考查副词。句意：生活中充满了许多看似平淡无奇的时刻，但我们可以把其中任何一个变成庆祝。此处修饰形容词uneventful，应用副词seemingly“看似”，作状语。故填seemingly。 【典例2】(2025八省联考卷·人与自然·记叙文) I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park, which was a seaside area in Karachi. There, I would always see the same elderly lady 41 the pigeons (鸽子). The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in 42 , would gather around her before she even had a 43 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag. It was the same each day, part of her 44 . I found that 45 her perform this ordinary task with such 46 was both calming and beautiful. On this particular evening, the lady arrived at her 47 spot to feed the birds. But, as she 48 the bench (长凳) to sit down, her necklace (项链) fell to the ground. I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set. Noticing that, I 49 to get it back for her. 50 , before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the 51 picked up the necklace, 52 to the bench, and dropped it on her lap. I couldn’t 53 my eyes. The old lady, also 54 , began laughing quietly to herself. I was 55 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset. 41. A. feeding B. pursuing C. training D. collecting 42. A. age B. size C. weight D. number 43. A. wish B. chance C. plan D. reason 44. A. job B. project C. routine D. dream 45. A. watching B. helping C. making D. hearing 46. A. confidence B. enthusiasm C. flexibility D. precision 47. A. original B. parking C. hiding D. usual 48. A. repaired B. approached C. shared D. supported 49. A. slipped in B. ran away C. got up D. turned around 50. A. However B. Afterwards C. Gradually D. Fortunately 51. A. sea B. tree C. pair D. group 52. A. walked B. stuck C. pointed D. flew 53. A. lift B. cover C. believe D. close 54. A. satisfied B. surprised C. annoyed D. frightened 55. A. caught B. hit C. left D. met 【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢去一个海滨地区的公园看日落，常看到一位老妇人喂鸽子。一个特别的晚上，老妇人的项链掉落，一只鸽子竟捡起项链放回到她腿上，这让作者和老妇人都很吃惊，也都非常欣喜。 41.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，我总是看到同一个老妇人喂鸽子。A. feeding喂养；B. pursuing追求；C. training训练；D. collecting收集。根据下文“On this particular evening, the lady arrived at her __47__ spot to feed the birds.”可知，作者是看到同一个老妇人喂鸽子。故选A。 42.考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿的数量通常在10到15只左右，甚至在她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米之前，它们就会聚集在她周围。A. age年龄；B. size尺寸；C. weight重量；D. number数量。根据上文“usually around 10 to 15”可推知，此处是介绍这群鸽子的数量，指通常在10到15只左右。故选D。 43.考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿的数量通常在10到15只左右，甚至在她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米之前，它们就会聚集在她周围。A. wish愿望；B. chance机会；C. plan计划；D. reason原因。根据上文“The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in __54__, would gather around her”和下文“to take the bag of rice out from her handbag”可推知，此处是描述鸽子迅速聚集在老妇人周围的场景，应该是不等她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米，鸽子就聚集起来了。故选B。 44.考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天都是一样的，这是她日常生活的一部分。A. job工作；B. project项目；C. routine常规；D. dream梦想。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，这件事每天都是一样的，由此可知，这成了老妇人的常规惯例，即她日常生活的一部分。故选C。 45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现，看着她如此热情地完成这项平凡的任务，既平静又美丽。A. watching观看；B. helping帮助；C. making制作；D. hearing听见。根据上文“There, I would always see the same elderly lady __41__ the pigeons (鸽子).”可知，作者总是看老妇人做这件事，由此可知，是看着她完成这项平凡的任务让作者觉得平静又美丽。故选A。 46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，看着她如此热情地完成这项平凡的任务，既平静又美丽。A. confidence信心；B. enthusiasm热情；C. flexibility灵活性；D. precision精确性。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，这件事每天都是一样的，由此可知，老妇人对此倾注了热情，因此一直坚持着。故选B。 47.考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：在这个特别的晚上，这位女士来到她平常的地方喂鸟。A. original原始的；B. parking停车；C. hiding躲藏；D. usual平常的。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，这件事每天都是一样的，由此可知，老妇人是来到平常的地方喂鸟。故选D。 48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当她走近长凳坐下时，她的项链掉在了地上。A. repaired修理；B. approached靠近；C. shared分享；D. supported支持。根据老妇人是来公园喂鸽子的情境，以及下文“the bench (长凳) to sit down”可推知，此处指她走近长凳坐下。故选B。 49.考查动词短语辨析。句意：注意到这一点，我起身去帮她拿回来。A. slipped in溜进；B. ran away逃跑；C. got up起身；D. turned around转身。根据上文“I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.”可知，作者坐在附近的草地上，等待太阳落山，由此可知，作者看到老妇人的项链掉落后，起身去帮她拿回来。故选C。 50.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我到达之前，鸟群中的一只鸽子捡起了项链，飞到长凳上，把它放在她的腿上。A. However然而；B. Afterwards之后；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the __51__ picked up the necklace, __54__ to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”可知，一只鸽子捡起项链，归还给了老妇人，这与作者原本的行为形成转折，应用However“然而”衔接上下文。故选A。 51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我到达之前，鸟群中的一只鸽子捡起了项链，飞到长凳上，把它放在她的腿上。A. sea海洋；B. tree树；C. pair一对；D. group群。根据上文“The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in __44__, would gather around her”可知，这是聚集在老妇人周围的那群鸽子中的一只。故选D。 52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我到达之前，鸟群中的一只鸽子捡起了项链，飞到长凳上，把它放在她的腿上。A. walked行走；B. stuck卡住；C. pointed指向；D. flew飞。根据上文“one of the pigeons”和下文“dropped it on her lap”可推知，鸽子应该是飞到长凳上，再把项链放在老妇人的腿上。故选D。 53.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。A. lift举起；B. cover覆盖；C. believe相信；D. close关闭。根据上文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the __51__ picked up the necklace, __54__ to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”可知，老妇人经常喂的鸽子居然帮她捡回项链，这是令人难以置信的事，因此作者不敢相信自己的眼睛。故选C。 54.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老太太也很吃惊，开始静静地笑了起来。A. satisfied满意的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. frightened害怕的。根据上文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the __51__ picked up the necklace, __54__ to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”和“also”可知，看到自己经常喂的鸽子居然捡回项链，老妇人的反应和作者是一样的，感到非常惊讶。故选B。 55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我脸上露出了灿烂的笑容，高高兴兴地继续看日落。A. caught抓住；B. hit击打；C. left剩下；D. met遇见。根据下文“with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset”可知，作者见到这一情景，内心是高兴的，脸上应该是仅有灿烂的笑容，即露出了灿烂的笑容，短语be left with意为“余下，剩下”，表示在某种情况下，仅剩下某些东西或某种感觉。故选C。 【技巧二：词法在完形填空中的使用】 高考英语完形填空中，词法的考查已经从“单纯辨义”升级为“在深度语境中对词汇精准含义和语法功能的双重考察”。其呈现方式远比语法填空复杂，需要你同时具备语义理解和语法分析能力。 一、动词：完形的“灵魂”，考查动态与逻辑 1. 核心考法：动词的精准语义与语境搭配 呈现方式：选项往往是近义动词或不同搭配的动词，考查在具体故事情节或语境中最贴切的那个。 解题关键：不仅看主语能否发出这个动作，更要看该动作与宾语、状语构成的“语义场”是否合理。 2. 进阶考法：非谓语动词作状语(高频难点) 呈现方式：句子主干完整，空格处需用非谓语动词表示伴随、原因、结果等。选项可能是v-ing, v-ed, to do的不同形式。 解题关键：锁定逻辑主语(通常是主句主语)，判断其与非谓语动词的主动/被动关系。 二、名词：考查具体化与上下文指代 1. 核心考法：名词的语境具体含义 呈现方式：选项为相关但含义或范围不同的名词。需要根据上下文描述的具体场景、对象来选择。 2. 进阶考法：抽象名词与具体名词的转换 呈现方式：通过名词的选用，体现从具体事件到抽象感悟的升华，或反之。 三、形容词与副词：考查情感色彩与程度修饰 1. 核心考法：形容词/副词的情感与态度 呈现方式：选项的形容词/副词可能带有褒义、贬义或中性色彩。必须紧扣作者或主人公的情感立场、价值判断。 2. 进阶考法：副词对动词逻辑的强化 呈现方式：副词不仅修饰动作方式，还可能暗示动作的因果、转折、递进等逻辑关系。 四、介词与短语动词：考查地道搭配与细微含义 1. 核心考法：介词与名词/动词/形容词的固定搭配 呈现方式：这是纯粹的“硬功夫”考点。考查你是否掌握如 be proud of, contribute to, in surprise 等地道搭配。 解题关键：长期积累，考前强化高频搭配。解题时注意空格前后的“核心词”。 2. 进阶考法：短语动词(动词+介词/副词)的辨析 呈现方式：同一动词搭配不同的小词，含义千差万别(如：give up放弃，give in屈服，give out分发)。 解题关键：将其视为一个整体新动词来理解，根据上下文情节选择。 五、代词：考查语篇衔接与指代清晰 呈现方式：在叙述中，用人称代词(he, she, they)、指示代词(this, that)、不定代词(another, the other)来指代前文提到的人或事，使行文简洁连贯。 解题关键：向前看一句，找到明确的指代对象。确保单复数、性别一致。 总结：完形填空中的词法考查，是语篇理解、逻辑判断和语言知识的三重奏。它要求你不再是“语法工程师”，而是“文本侦探”和“故事导演”，能够根据所有线索还原出作者想要表达的最准确、最地道的那个词。 【典例3】(2025全国高考I卷完形填空) One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 42 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 44 with things that, while not particularly 45 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 46 , another asking for a price cut. As our 47 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 48 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase. 49 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 50 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 51 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52 . I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 53 that share our small space. I take 54 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 55 something that couldn’t come with us. 41. A. painting over B. looking around C. emptying out D. pulling down 42. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment 43. A. store B. display C. sell D. repair 44. A. covered B. decorated C. stuffed D. equipped 45. A. conventional B. valuable C. complicated D. tolerable 46. A. fees B. photos C. receipts D. models 47. A. move B. pay C. market D. work 48. A. warning B. request C. description D. reply 49. A. Confused B. Interested C. Disappointed D. Encouraged 50. A. visits B. reports C. advice D. money 51. A. remove B. spare C. find D. check 52. A. investigated B. recognized C. encountered D. recommended 53. A. giveaways B. posts C. contributions D. belongings 54. A. joy B. part C. care D. time 55. A. anticipating B. appreciating C. delivering D. withdrawing 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。 41. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over 粉刷覆盖；B. looking around 环顾四周；C. emptying out 清空；D. pulling down 拆除。根据上文“My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel 酒店；B. office 办公室；C. cottage 小屋；D. apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。 43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D. repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。 44. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. covered 覆盖的；B. decorated 装饰的；C. stuffed 塞满的；D. equipped 配备的。根据上文“rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. conventional 传统的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. tolerable 可容忍的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees 费用；B. photos 照片；C. receipts 收据；D. models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。 47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格(0美元)并重新发布了它。A. move 搬家；B. pay 支付；C. market 市场；D. work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。 48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning 警告；B. request 请求；C. description 描述；D. reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。 49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused 困惑的；B. Interested 感兴趣的；C. Disappointed 失望的；D. Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。 50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A. visits 拜访；B. reports 报告；C. advice 建议；D. money 钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。 51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated 调查；B. recognized 认出；C. encountered 遇见；D. recommended 推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。 53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A. giveaways 赠品；B. posts 帖子；C. contributions 贡献；D. belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。 54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. joy 快乐；B. part 部分；C. care 关心；D. time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving each of the 53 that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。 55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. anticipating 期待；B. appreciating 欣赏；C. delivering 递送；D. withdrawing 撤回。根据上文“I take 54 in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。 【典例4】(24-25高三上·湖南益阳·期末) Fresh out of college and newly-married, my husband and I lived in an economically challenged community. We moved from one temporary job to another, 1 making ends meet, with the distant dream of owning a house. Fortunately, by rare chance one day, a(n) 2 came. During a camping trip, we spotted a for-sale sign 3 a piece of land byLake Superior—a potential campsite. This wild piece of waterfront property was relatively inexpensive but needed work to 4 the uncleared land. We were young and energetic,yet unsure whether we should take it. We turned to Steve’s uncle. Uncle Joe was a 5 and kind-hearted man whose 6 we valued. He had previously offered Steve wise advice. “Make 7 decisions that lead to happiness and wealth.” In dwelling on (纠结) the 8 factor of purchasing it, Steve sought his uncle’ s advice again. “Will you regret not seizing this chance?” We knew the answer. The next day,we managed to  9 enough money for our first significant purchase. We then wasted no time 10 a path to the waterfront, and spent every possible moment there, camping, swimming, and building dreams. That pursuit gave us the courage to 11 a bigger project. Two years later, with secure 12 , we used our campsite as collateral (抵押物) to 13 our first house. Steve and I have 14 most of our goals because of a few simple, sound words of 15 : Life is short; seize opportunities. 1. A. easily B. barely C. quickly D. possibly 2. A. event B. dream C. challenge D. opportunity 3. A. hiding B. advertising C. suggesting D. leaving 4. A. farm B. abandon C. protect D. develop 5. A. seasoned B. strict C. humorous D. brave 6. A. story B. account C. opinion D. secret 7. A. simple B. unexpected C. informed D. casual 8. A. beauty B. risk C. health D. time 9. A. collect B. donate C. waste D. save 10. A. following B. clearing C. blocking D. measuring 11. A. take on B. check out C. put away D. make up 12. A. connection B. service C. income D. emotion 13. A. paint B. build C. decorate D. purchase 14. A. accomplished B. missed C. changed D. set 15. A. education B. information C. comfort D. wisdom 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫在刚毕业且新婚时，生活拮据，梦想着拥有一所房子。一次偶然的机会，他们在露营时发现了一块待售的土地，虽然需要开发但价格相对便宜。在咨询了史蒂夫叔叔的建议后，他们决定买下这块地，并开始积极开发，最终以此地为抵押物购买了第一所房子。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们辗转于一个又一个临时工作，勉强维持生计，怀揣着拥有一个房子的遥远梦想。A. easily容易地；B. barely勉强地；C. quickly快速地；D. possibly可能地。根据前文“Fresh out of college and newly-married, my husband and I lived in an economically challenged community.”可知，作者夫妇俩刚毕业新婚，住在一个经济困难的小区，所以是勉强维持生计。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，有一天，一个机会来了。A. event事件；B. dream梦想；C. challenge挑战；D. opportunity机会。根据后文“During a camping trip, we spotted a for-sale sign __3__ a piece of land byLake Superior—a potential campsite.”以及“Will you regret not seizing this chance?”可知，在一次露营旅行中，作者夫妇看到一块靠近苏必利尔湖的待售土地的广告牌——一个潜在的露营地，此处指拥有自己房子的机会来了。故选D项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次露营旅行中，我们看到一块靠近苏必利尔湖的待售土地的广告牌——一个潜在的露营地。A. hiding躲藏；B. advertising做广告；C. suggesting建议；D. leaving离开。根据前文“a for-sale sign”可知，此处指一块待售土地的广告牌。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这块野生滨水区地产相对便宜，但需要开发未清理的土地。A. farm耕作；B. abandon抛弃；C. protect保护；D. develop开发。根据前文“This wild piece of waterfront property was relatively inexpensive”以及后文“the uncleared land.”可知，这块野生滨水区地产相对便宜，但是是未清理过的，所以需要开发。故选D项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔叔叔是个老练、善良的人，我们很看重他的意见。A. seasoned老练的；B. strict严格的；C. humorous幽默的；D. brave勇敢的。根据后文“whose __6__ we valued”以及“He had previously offered Steve wise advice.”可知，此处指乔叔叔是个老练的人，我们很看重他的意见。故选A项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. story故事；B. account账户；C. opinion观点；D. secret秘密。根据后文“He had previously offered Steve wise advice.”可知，此处指乔叔叔给出的意见。故选C项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：做出明智的决定，带来幸福和财富。A. simple简单的；B. unexpected意外的；C. informed明智的；D. casual随便的。根据后文“decisions that lead to happiness and wealth”可知，此处指做出明智的决定，带来幸福和财富。故选C项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在纠结购买的风险因素时，史蒂夫再次征求了他叔叔的意见。A. beauty美丽；B. risk风险；C. health健康；D. time时间。根据前文“We were young and energetic, yet unsure whether we should take it.”以及后文“Steve sought his uncle’ s advice again.”可知，作者夫妇年轻有活力，但不确定是否应该买下这块地，再次征求了叔叔的意见，所以此处表示购买是存在风险的。故选B项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我们设法凑够了钱，买下了我们的第一件贵重物品。A. collect收集，筹集；B. donate捐赠；C. waste浪费；D. save节省。根据后文“enough money for our first significant purchase”可知，此处指作者夫妇凑够了钱。故选A项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们毫不拖延地清理出一条通往水边的路，花尽可能多的时间在那里露营、游泳和构建梦想。A. following跟随；B. clearing清理；C. blocking阻碍；D. measuring测量。根据前文“but needed work to __4__ the uncleared land.”以及后文“a path to the waterfront”可知，这块野生滨水区地产相对便宜，但需要开发未清理的土地，作者夫妇在购买了该块土地后，清理出一条通往水边的路。故选B项。 11. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这种追求给了我们勇气去承担一个更大的项目。A. take on承担；B. check out结账离开；C. put away收拾起来；D. make up组成，编造。根据后文“a bigger project”可知，此处指承担一个更大的项目。故选A项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年后，有了稳定的收入，我们把露营地作为抵押买了第一套房子。A. connection联系；B. service服务；C. income收入；D. emotion情感。根据前文“Two years later”以及后文“we used our campsite as collateral (抵押物) to __13__ our first house.”可知，两年之后，作者夫妇有了稳定的收入，把露营地作为抵押买了第一套房子。故选C项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. paint绘画；B. build建造；C. decorate装饰；D. purchase购买。根据前文“we used our campsite as collateral”可知，此处指用露营地作为抵押买了第一套房子。故选D项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：史蒂夫和我已经完成了我们的大部分目标，因为几句简单而正确的智慧之语：生命短暂；抓住机遇。A. accomplished完成；B. missed错过；C. changed改变；D. set设置。根据前文“we used our campsite as collateral (抵押物) to __13__ our first house.”以及后文“most of our goals”可知，两年之后作者夫妇买了房子，所以是实现了目标。故选A项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. education教育；B. information信息；C. comfort安慰；D. wisdom智慧。根据前文“a few simple, sound words”可知，此处指几句简单而明智的话，即智慧。故选D项。 (建议用时：完形每篇10-12分钟，语法填空用时8-10分钟) 【保分练1】(2025·四川德阳·一模) Recently, a science blogger went viral online. Chen Lei, known as “Brother Hunzi” creates viral content by turning boring and difficult knowledge into 1 comic stories with witty jokes. In just two months, “Brother Hunzi Draws and Explains” has gained 10 million 2 across all platforms since its launch in June and at its peak, one video reached 140 million views. About 10 years ago, Chen launched the “Hunzhi” official account and began creating popular science comics. In 2017, he and his team introduced the “Half-Hour Comics” series of popular science books 3 the “Hunzhi” brand. “The team had been urging me for a long time, but I was always 4 . Ultimately, I decided to give it a try.” 5 , this move brought him into a broader public 6 . To date, his account has 7 more than 30 videos, 8 areas such as traditional culture, history, and humanities. He finds inspiration in the messages left by netizens. “Many people don’t 9 away from complex knowledge; they just need someone to explain it in the right way. Whatever netizens want to see, I’ll do my best to 10 it,” Chen said. This “responsive creation” approach has 11 the gap with netizens and turned the spread of knowledge into a two-way 12 . Chen believes that Chinese people have an inherent love for traditional culture. “It’s just that many people haven’t found the door yet. I hope to be the one who opens that door, allowing everyone to remember knowledge while having a good 13 .” As “a poor student” who used to 14 to grasp knowledge, he is now 15 the door to understanding for millions. 1. A. informal B. intelligent C. amusing D. engaging 2. A. followers B. competitors C. strangers D. netizens 3. A. based on B. adapted from C. applying for D. turning to 4. A. ambitious B. stubborn C. determined D. hesitant 5. A. Unfortunately B. Naturally C. Unexpectedly D. Finally 6. A. approval B. spotlight C. dialogue D. ignorance 7. A. downloaded B. purchased C. released D. admired 8. A. passing B. missing C. searching D. covering 9. A. fade B. break C. shy D. cool 10. A. study B. create C. copy D. settle 11. A. mapped B. bridged C. recorded D. pictured 12. A. interaction B. opposition C. negotiation D. separation 13. A. surprise B. performance C. course D. laugh 14. A. struggle B. manage C. intend D. refuse 15. A. fixing B. closing C. unlocking D. breaking 【保分练2】(25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中) In and around China’s southwestern Sichuan province, one can often find folk artists 1 (produce) sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks. According to some academic studies, sugar painting 2 (origin) from Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures 3 (make) in molds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremony. In the Qing Dynasty, sugar painting gained more 4 (popular). The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various, most of 5 stood for good luck such as fish, dragon and monkey. Afterwards, the folk artists in Sichuan developed this art by adding techniques of Chinese paper cutting. The molds were also replaced 6 a small bronze spoon. 7 time went by, the modern form of sugar painting has 8 (gradual) developed. Although the number of sugar painters has decreased, due to its unique charm, a certain number of artists are making efforts 9 (protect) it by offering classes or holding activities such as sugar painting contests. Nowadays, this art is getting support again from the general public and it has already been listed as Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage by Sichuan Government. Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained increasing 10 (recognize). 【保分练3】(2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) I’d always loved the coast, but my visit to the abandoned lighthouse changed me. It started when I 1 a sun-faded flyer at a cafe: “Restore Old Point Lighthouse — volunteers needed.” Tired of a troubled career, I longed for 2 from my chaotic routine. At dawn, the coordinator handed me a rusty hammer. “Fix the railings,” she said. Salt-covered metal tested my strength; each swing was a 3 against my frustration. By midday, my arms ached, but I noticed a teen beside me struggling with a nail. I knelt to help: her 4 — a quick smile — felt like a small victory. We repainted the railings and shared stories. A retired sailor said the lighthouse 5 ships through stormy dark: “It didn’t just glow — it gave 6 .” The words stayed with me. When we finished the final 7 — hanging a new lantern — we climbed to the top as the sun gilded the waves. I realized the lighthouse wasn’t just a structure; it was a 8 of hope. My own troubles felt smaller, like waves crashing harmlessly against rock. On the drive home, I stopped at a bookstore and bought a guide to lighthouse history — a 9 to keep rebuilding, even when things feel hopeless. Months later, I returned. A girl pointed: “This kept my great-grandpa safe.” In that breath, I realized small acts could 10 light for others. It is about being light, even when you feel 11 yourself. The lighthouse taught me a 12 : restoration is piecing back parts of ourselves we’ve set aside. When 13 come, I think of that hammer — one swing, 14 with others, can 15 what is worn into something whole. 1. A. designed B. spotted C. printed D. discarded 2. A. break B. solution C. signal D. reason 3. A. secret B. battle C. promise D. joke 4. A. confusion B. doubt C. response D. agreement 5. A. controlled B. followed C. guided D. stopped 6. A. advice B. judgment C. direction D. appointment 7. A. arrangement B. task C. behavior D. choice 8. A. memory B. resource C. symbol D. method 9. A. reminder B. reward C. record D. report 10. A. hide B. save C. borrow D. cast 11. A. bright B. broken C. calm D. busy 12. A. skill B. story C. rule D. lesson 13. A. setbacks B. chances C. moments D. volunteers 14. A. compared B. challenged C. competed D. joined 15. A. turn B. push C. pull D. knock 【保分练4】(25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考) Expertly flipping 1 the chicken steak in the hot wok, 48-year-old street vendor Li Junyong, who has been nicknamed “chicken steak brother”, has shot to fame and become a 2 (sign) attraction in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province. His humorous interactions with tourists, such as, “You can refuse me, but please don’t refuse 3 (delicious),” and, “You deserve everything beautiful in the world, including my chicken steak”, turned the city into a trending destination over the just-finished Mid-Autumn and National Day holiday. Sales of group purchases of glass-blowing experience and pottery-making tours in the city registered year-on-year growth of 74 percent and 71 percent, 4 (respective), on the platform during the three days. Travel portal Qunar also 5 (prove) the sales power of “chicken steak brother”. Figures on Oct 1, the first day of the holiday, showed that the occupancy rate of Jingdezhen’s hotels grew 30 percent 6 (compare) with the same period last year. It’s not the first time that small cities 7 (become) an instant hit during public holidays, such as Zibo in Shandong province, 8 went viral among tourists because of the city’s delicious barbecue, as more Chinese travelers have shown an increasing interest in exploring niche destinations in order to avoid huge crowds of people. A report from Qunar said that small cities, especially 9 with distinctive cuisines, nature and culture, were popular during the National Day holiday. Noting the great momentum of Jingdezhen and “chicken steak brother” during the holiday, Wei said that the instant online hit will definitely propel the growth of the local tourism market, while it’s necessary for the local authorities 10 (seize) the opportunity to improve their tourism products and services to turn the short-lived traffic into sustainable tourism growth. (建议用时：完形每篇10-12分钟、阅读理解每篇用时7分钟) 【抢分练1】(25-26高三上·广西南宁·月考) Inside a workshop in Lyon, France, the soft rhythm of weaving (织布) machines fills the air as colorful threads move smoothly. For centuries, silk-making traditions, passed down through generations, 1 (shape) Lyon’s identity. In these workshops, skilled workers use silk-screen printing, 2 technique originating in China, to layer colors one by one. 3 (remarkable), creating a single scarf can involve up to 30 different colors, each requiring its own screen and printing step. This 4 (detail) process, demanding steady hands and sharp eyes, ensures that every piece is unique, and full of character. Lyon’s connection to silk dates back to ancient times, 5 the city became a key gateway for Chinese silk entering Europe. During the Roman Empire. Lyon’s location along the Rhine River made it an important trading center. The 6 (arrive) of silk brought significant cultural and economic changes, establishing long-lasting ties between China and France. Even the street designs of Lyon’s Old Town 7 (tailor) to protect silk products from wind and rain during transport, showing how silk influenced the city’s development in many ways. Today, Lyon is still celebrated 8 a center for silk production, design, and cultural exchange, 9 (inspire) many famous fashion houses around the world. Thanks to China’s Belt and Road initiative, new trade routes are bringing fresh 10 (opportunity) to Lyon. This renewed partnership continues to weave a future of shared creativity and innovation. 【抢分练2】(2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模) Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable, transforming the initial pain into a form of “benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble, water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 1. Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A. Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B. Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C. Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D. Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 2. Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A. Listening to music. B. Smoking cigarettes. C. Exploring the Antarctic. D. Watching a horror film. 3. What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A. Conscious efforts. B. Genetic adaptation. C. Blocking spiciness signals. D. Keeping receptors from responding. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B. The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C. The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D. The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance 【长难句分析】 1. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：它专门作用于TRPV1——一种存在于痛觉感受器上的受体。痛觉感受器是专门探测潜在有害因素(如超过42℃的热度)的特殊神经细胞。主句：It specifically targets TRPV1，“a receptor present on nociceptors”是TRPV1的同位语，进一步说明其性质。破折号后 “the special nerve cells...” 是对nociceptors的补充说明。整句通过层层递进的同位语结构，精确定义了辣椒素作用的生物学路径。 2. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：然而，通过反复暴露，大脑会持续收到“并未发生实际组织损伤”的反馈信息。主句：it receives consistent feedback，“indicating no actual tissue damage occurs” 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 feedback。逻辑主语是brain，但句中用it指代。句子虽短，但包含因果逻辑：反复暴露 → 收到反馈 → 反馈内容为“无实际损伤”。 【抢分练3】(25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考) In 1993, high school senior Jed was a star athlete at his Arizona high school. Outwardly cheerful, he 1 his difficult home life from classmates. Jed’s mom, Jerry, had been 2 him and his brother, Josh, by herself. Although she worked multiple jobs, money was always 3 . Despite their 4 , Jerry didn’t want her younger son to 5 a letterman jacket: a symbol of athletic achievement. “I 6 being at the jacket shop with my mom, and designing it myself,” he says of the jacket — bright red and gold for the Chaparral Firebirds, with his name and letter 7 displayed on the front. However, when the $300 jacket was ready, his family couldn’t 8 it. Heartbroken, he never picked it up. Jed’s mom died in 2012 and Jed and his brother 9 in the following years. So, Jed was surprised to get a call out of the blue from Josh in 2021. Josh had found a letterman jacket in a small Arizona store and sent a picture. To Jed’s 10 , it was his jacket. Equally amazed, Josh strode right to the 11 and bought it — for $25. Within a week, Jed returned to Arizona and 12 the jacket for the first time. It fit perfectly and was clearly unworn, even bearing the 13 inspection tag in the pocket. Jed was not even sure whether it was the original jacket shop or a different one that 14 its stock. In either case, its reappearance felt like a miracle to both Jed and Josh: not only did it make them feel the 15 of their late mom, but it also brought the brothers closer together. 1. A. shared B. ignored C. hid D. accepted 2. A. raising B. training C. lecturing D. comforting 3. A. sufficient B. dirty C. stable D. tight 4. A. scholarship B. strengths C. passion D. struggles 5. A. pay attention to B. miss out on C. look forward to D. hold fast to 6. A. remember B. enjoy C. imagine D. appreciate 7. A. secretly B. proudly C. casually D. nervously 8. A. find B. value C. afford D. repair 9. A. looked over B. got together C. drifted away D. made up 10. A. relief B. delight C. regret D. disbelief 11. A. calculator B. tailor C. register D. donor 12. A. tried on B. put away C. showed off D. took in 13. A. expensive B. original C. curious D. additional 14. A. inherited B. repaired C. cleaned D. sold 15. A. power B. accomplishment C. sadness D. presence 【抢分练4】(2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) Sick young ants release a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the colony from infection, scientists said Tuesday, adding that queens do not seem to commit this act of self-sacrifice. Many animals conceal illness for social reasons. Ant colonies, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” signal, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. When adult worker ants get an illness, they leave the nest to die alone. Young ants, known as pupae, in contrast are still trapped inside a cocoon, making social distancing impossible. Scientists had already figured out that when these pupae are terminally ill, there is a chemical change that produces a particular smell. Adult worker ants then gather around, remove the cocoon, “bite holes in the pupae and insert poison,” Dawson said. For the research, the scientists wanted to figure out whether the pupae “were actively saying: ‘hey, come and kill me,’” Dawson said. First, the scientists extracted the smell from the sick pupae of a black garden ant. When they applied the smell to a healthy brood in the lab, the workers still destroyed them. Then, the team conducted an experiment showing that the sick pupae only produce the smell when worker ants are nearby, proving it is a deliberate signal for destruction. “While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation,” Dawson said. However, there is one member of the nest that does not sacrifice itself. When queen pupae are infected inside their cocoons, they do not send out the smelly warning signal, the team found. “Are they cheating the system?” Dawson said the team asked themselves. However, they found that the “queen pupae have much better immune systems than the worker pupae, and so they were able to fight off the infection — and that’s why we think that they weren’t signalling”, she said. Dawson hopes future research will investigate whether queen pupae sacrifice themselves when it becomes clear they will not beat their infection. 1. Why does the author mention the “find-me and eat-me” signal? A. To explain the self-sacrifice signal system of the ants. B. To contrast disease responses in insects and humans. C. To show how ants carry out social distancing in the nest. D. To describe the method scientists used in their experiment. 2. What does the word “altruistic” in Paragraph 4 most nearly mean? A. Driven by self-preservation instincts. B. Carried out for the benefit of others. C. Controlled by genetic programming. D. Triggered by external chemical signals. 3. Why don’t queen pupae emit the warning signal? A. They possess superior immune defenses against infection. B. They use a biological trick to avoid detection. C. They postpone signaling until the infection progresses. D. They rely on specialized protective mechanisms. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Sick young ants invite destruction to save colony. B. Sick young ants send signals asking for treatment. C. Queen ants refuse to signal and avoid sacrifice. D. Different ant species show various sacrifice behaviors. 【长难句分析】 1. Ant colonies, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” signal, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：然而，一个奥地利领衔的科学家团队指出，蚂蚁群落像一个“超个体”那样运作，致力于确保整个群体的生存，这类似于我们体内受感染的细胞发出“找到我、吃掉我”的信号。主句：Ant colonies act as one “super-organism”。定语从句：which works to ensure the survival of all(修饰 super-organism)；形容词短语作状语：similar to how infected cells... send out a... signal，其中how infected cells... send out... 是介词 to 的宾语从句。 2. Scientists had already figured out that when these pupae are terminally ill, there is a chemical change that produces a particular smell. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：科学家们已经发现，当这些蛹病入膏肓时，会发生一种化学变化，产生一种特殊的气味。主句：Scientists had already figured out。宾语从句：that... there is a chemical change...(作 figured out 的宾语)，宾语从句中套时间状语从句：when these pupae are terminally ill，宾语从句中套定语从句：that produces a particular smell(修饰 change)。 3. While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：虽然这是一种牺牲——一种真正利他的行为——但这同时也符合它们自身的利益，因为这意味着它们的基因能够存活下来并传递给下一代。主句：it’s also in their own interest。让步状语从句：While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act —；原因状语从句：because it means that...；原因从句中含宾语从句：that their genes are going to survive and be passed on...(作 means 的宾语)。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点19 词法&句法大综合(综合练) ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 词法 ： 1. 动词的 “三巨头” — — 时态、语态、非谓语 2. 冠词与介词——小词大麻烦 3. 代词——指代清晰是关键 句法： 1 . 三大从句——定语从句是王冠 2. 特殊句式——提分 的“快捷键” 3. 主谓一致与并列结构——基础的严谨性 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 一、词法攻坚利器 1. 动词“三棱镜”——时态、语态、非谓语 ： 时间轴+主被动判断矩阵 2. 冠词与介词“定位仪” ： 特指/泛指判断流程图 + 介词空间图 3. 代词“追踪器” ： 前指三步法 二、句法破局利器 1 . 三大从句 “解码器” ： 从句剥离术 + 成分分析法 2. 特 殊句式“识别码” ： 倒装/强调/虚拟公式验证法 3. 一致性“平衡尺” ： 划主干，比并列 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 语法填空、完形填空等2 种类型可稳拿分数题 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 完形填空、阅读理解、读后续写等3 种类型 中、 高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【命题趋势】 准确把握高考英语词法和句法的命题趋势，是进行高效备考的“战略导航”。近年来，高考英语语法考查已发生深刻转型，其核心趋势可概括为：“去知识化、重语境化、强应用化”。 一、总体命题趋势：四大转型 1. 从“孤立考规则”转向“语篇考应用” 趋势：纯粹的语法单选题已退出历史舞台。词法、句法的考查全面融入语法填空、短文改错、书面表达、甚至阅读和完形中。 表现：你不再只是判断“哪个选项正确”，而是在一篇有完整逻辑的短文(语法填空、改错)或一个复杂句子(长难句分析)中，判断“此处应该用什么形式”。 备考指向：必须培养在语境中分析句子结构、根据上下文逻辑选择正确语法形式的能力。 2. 从“死记硬背”转向“深度理解” 趋势：考查重点从机械记忆规则(如“哪些动词后跟不定式”)，转向对语法功能的深度理解(如“为什么这里用非谓语动词作状语，而不用从句？”)。 表现：试题偏爱设置“长难句”，要求考生剥离修饰成分，抓住主干，理解句内逻辑关系(如因果、转折、条件)。 备考指向：强化句子成分分析训练，特别是对非谓语动词短语、各类从句在句中充当成分的判断。 3. 从“单一考点”转向“综合交叉” 趋势：一道题往往融合多个语法点。 表现：例如，在语法填空中，一个动词的空格可能同时涉及时态、语态和主谓一致；一个定语从句可能结合介词+关系代词的考查。 备考指向：建立系统的语法网络，而非零散的知识点。解题时需进行多维度思考。 4. 从“知识本位”转向“能力与素养本位” 趋势：命题紧密联系中国传统文化、社会经济发展、科技前沿成果等主题语境。 表现：语法文本材料本身就是关于“非遗传承”、“碳中和”、“人工智能”等内容。考查的不仅是语法，更是用英语理解和表达时代主题的能力。 备考指向：关注时事热点，积累相关话题的词汇和表达，在真实语境中活化语法知识。 二、词法命题趋势聚焦 1. 动词(永恒的核心)： 非谓语动词：占比最大、难度最高的考点。命题青睐其在语篇中作状语、定语、宾补的灵活用法，尤其强调与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系判断。 时态和语态：更侧重在叙事性语篇中考查时态的连贯与呼应(如过去完成时与一般过去时的配合)，以及在科技、说明文中考查被动语态的客观表达。 情态动词：重点考查其在具体语境中表达的推测、可能、虚拟等深层含义，而不仅是基本用法。 2. 冠词、介词、代词：这些“小词”的考查更强调地道性和习惯搭配。尤其是介词，在固定短语、动词短语中的用法是高频考点。代词的考查重点在于语篇中的指代关系(如前指、后指)，确保行文连贯。 三、句法命题趋势聚焦 1. 三大从句： 定语从句：仍是句法考查的“重中之重”。趋势是关系词的选择更加灵活，常与介词搭配(for which, in whom)，并出现在非限制性定语从句中，考查对主句的补充说明功能。 名词性从句：重点考查主语从句、同位语从句，以及连接词(whether, that, what)在具体语境中的辨析。 状语从句：考查连词在复杂逻辑关系(如让步、条件、方式)中的准确使用，且常与倒装句式结合。 2. 特殊句式： 倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气：这些“高级句式”不仅是解题考点，更是书面表达中的提分亮点。命题倾向于在阅读或语法填空中设置，考查考生识别和理解其强化语气、突出信息功能的能力。 【技巧一：词法在语法填空中的变化】 高考英语语法填空中，词法的考查是核心内容，其呈现方式高度系统化且语境化。掌握以下规律，能让你在解题时快速定位考点，实现精准得分。 一、动词：考查最频繁，形式最灵活 1. 给出动词原形——必考变形 作谓语：需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。作非谓语：需判断在句中的功能。作主语/宾语：常用v.-ing (动名词)。作目的、结果、未来：常用to do (不定式)。作状语或定语：分析逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系。 2. 无提示词空格——可能是助动词或情态动词 根据上下文时态或语气判断。 二、名词：考查单复数与词性转换 1. 给出名词——常考单复数：根据语境、冠词、数词、主谓一致判断。 2. 给出形容词或动词——可能需转换为名词：空格前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词，或空格在句中作主语/宾语时，考虑用名词形式。 三、形容词与副词：考查比较级、最高级及相互转换 1. 给出形容词或副词——常考比较结构：注意than, much, even, one of ...等比较级或最高级信号词。 2. 词性转换 修饰名词用形容词：a/an/the/the most + ______ + n. 修饰动词/形容词/句子用副词：v. + ______ / ______ + adj. / ，______ ， 四、代词：考查指代与格的变化 1. 给出人称代词——考格的变化(主格/宾格/所有格)：分析在句中作主语、宾语还是定语。 2. 无提示词空格——可能是反身代词或不定代词：当主语和宾语为同一人时，用反身代词。根据语境需要填it, one, another, other等。 【典例1】(2026浙江高考首考 语法填空) There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 56 (finish) heating, but my mum did it. One of my earliest memories is being held 57 her arms, counting down the flashing green 58 (number) together. Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes 59 (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 60 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream 61 always ended in laughter. My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember 62 (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over 63 uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. She would speed up, the wind blowing our hair back 64 my tiny voice singing out, “Weeee-eee-eee!” I realise now that Mum didn’t find the joy in these tasks: she created it. Who cares if neighbours can hear you singing along to a microwave? Life is full of so many 65 (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 【答案】56. to finish 57. in 58. numbers 59. watching 60. excitement 61. that / which 62. being pushed 63. the 64. and 65. seemingly 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光，以及母亲如何将平凡的日常活动变得充满乐趣。 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣，但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find，此处为非谓语动词，wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”，所以用finish的不定式形式to finish，作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 57. 考查介词。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。固定搭配in one’s arms表示“在某人的怀里”。故填in。 58. 考查名词复数。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number“数字”是可数名词，此处指多个数字，应用复数形式，作宾语。故填numbers。 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时，兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻：哔！本句已有谓语动词would dance，此处为独立主格结构，our eyes与watch之间为主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填 watching。 60. 考查名词。句意：她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，仿佛那是火箭发射的倒计时，兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积：叮！本空与后面的tension为并列关系，共同作主语，需用excite的名词形式excitement“兴奋”。故填excitement。 61. 考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式，作宾语。故填being pushed。 63. 考查冠词。句意：我记得在超市推着手推车，在凹凸不平的停车场地面就像坐过山车一样。此处特指凹凸不平的停车场地面，应用定冠词the。故填the。 64. 考查连词。句意：她会加速，风吹着我们的头发向后飘，而我小小的声音喊着：“Weeee-eee-eee！”本空连接两个并列的独立主格结构the wind blowing our hair back和my tiny voice singing out为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 65. 考查副词。句意：生活中充满了许多看似平淡无奇的时刻，但我们可以把其中任何一个变成庆祝。此处修饰形容词uneventful，应用副词seemingly“看似”，作状语。故填seemingly。 【典例2】(2025八省联考卷·人与自然·记叙文) I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park, which was a seaside area in Karachi. There, I would always see the same elderly lady 41 the pigeons (鸽子). The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in 42 , would gather around her before she even had a 43 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag. It was the same each day, part of her 44 . I found that 45 her perform this ordinary task with such 46 was both calming and beautiful. On this particular evening, the lady arrived at her 47 spot to feed the birds. But, as she 48 the bench (长凳) to sit down, her necklace (项链) fell to the ground. I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set. Noticing that, I 49 to get it back for her. 50 , before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the 51 picked up the necklace, 52 to the bench, and dropped it on her lap. I couldn’t 53 my eyes. The old lady, also 54 , began laughing quietly to herself. I was 55 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset. 41. A. feeding B. pursuing C. training D. collecting 42. A. age B. size C. weight D. number 43. A. wish B. chance C. plan D. reason 44. A. job B. project C. routine D. dream 45. A. watching B. helping C. making D. hearing 46. A. confidence B. enthusiasm C. flexibility D. precision 47. A. original B. parking C. hiding D. usual 48. A. repaired B. approached C. shared D. supported 49. A. slipped in B. ran away C. got up D. turned around 50. A. However B. Afterwards C. Gradually D. Fortunately 51. A. sea B. tree C. pair D. group 52. A. walked B. stuck C. pointed D. flew 53. A. lift B. cover C. believe D. close 54. A. satisfied B. surprised C. annoyed D. frightened 55. A. caught B. hit C. left D. met 【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢去一个海滨地区的公园看日落，常看到一位老妇人喂鸽子。一个特别的晚上，老妇人的项链掉落，一只鸽子竟捡起项链放回到她腿上，这让作者和老妇人都很吃惊，也都非常欣喜。 41.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，我总是看到同一个老妇人喂鸽子。A. feeding喂养；B. pursuing追求；C. training训练；D. collecting收集。根据下文“On this particular evening, the lady arrived at her __47__ spot to feed the birds.”可知，作者是看到同一个老妇人喂鸽子。故选A。 42.考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿的数量通常在10到15只左右，甚至在她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米之前，它们就会聚集在她周围。A. age年龄；B. size尺寸；C. weight重量；D. number数量。根据上文“usually around 10 to 15”可推知，此处是介绍这群鸽子的数量，指通常在10到15只左右。故选D。 43.考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿的数量通常在10到15只左右，甚至在她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米之前，它们就会聚集在她周围。A. wish愿望；B. chance机会；C. plan计划；D. reason原因。根据上文“The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in __54__, would gather around her”和下文“to take the bag of rice out from her handbag”可推知，此处是描述鸽子迅速聚集在老妇人周围的场景，应该是不等她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米，鸽子就聚集起来了。故选B。 44.考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天都是一样的，这是她日常生活的一部分。A. job工作；B. project项目；C. routine常规；D. dream梦想。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，这件事每天都是一样的，由此可知，这成了老妇人的常规惯例，即她日常生活的一部分。故选C。 45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现，看着她如此热情地完成这项平凡的任务，既平静又美丽。A. watching观看；B. helping帮助；C. making制作；D. hearing听见。根据上文“There, I would always see the same elderly lady __41__ the pigeons (鸽子).”可知，作者总是看老妇人做这件事，由此可知，是看着她完成这项平凡的任务让作者觉得平静又美丽。故选A。 46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，看着她如此热情地完成这项平凡的任务，既平静又美丽。A. confidence信心；B. enthusiasm热情；C. flexibility灵活性；D. precision精确性。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，这件事每天都是一样的，由此可知，老妇人对此倾注了热情，因此一直坚持着。故选B。 47.考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：在这个特别的晚上，这位女士来到她平常的地方喂鸟。A. original原始的；B. parking停车；C. hiding躲藏；D. usual平常的。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，这件事每天都是一样的，由此可知，老妇人是来到平常的地方喂鸟。故选D。 48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当她走近长凳坐下时，她的项链掉在了地上。A. repaired修理；B. approached靠近；C. shared分享；D. supported支持。根据老妇人是来公园喂鸽子的情境，以及下文“the bench (长凳) to sit down”可推知，此处指她走近长凳坐下。故选B。 49.考查动词短语辨析。句意：注意到这一点，我起身去帮她拿回来。A. slipped in溜进；B. ran away逃跑；C. got up起身；D. turned around转身。根据上文“I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.”可知，作者坐在附近的草地上，等待太阳落山，由此可知，作者看到老妇人的项链掉落后，起身去帮她拿回来。故选C。 50.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我到达之前，鸟群中的一只鸽子捡起了项链，飞到长凳上，把它放在她的腿上。A. However然而；B. Afterwards之后；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the __51__ picked up the necklace, __54__ to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”可知，一只鸽子捡起项链，归还给了老妇人，这与作者原本的行为形成转折，应用However“然而”衔接上下文。故选A。 51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我到达之前，鸟群中的一只鸽子捡起了项链，飞到长凳上，把它放在她的腿上。A. sea海洋；B. tree树；C. pair一对；D. group群。根据上文“The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in __44__, would gather around her”可知，这是聚集在老妇人周围的那群鸽子中的一只。故选D。 52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我到达之前，鸟群中的一只鸽子捡起了项链，飞到长凳上，把它放在她的腿上。A. walked行走；B. stuck卡住；C. pointed指向；D. flew飞。根据上文“one of the pigeons”和下文“dropped it on her lap”可推知，鸽子应该是飞到长凳上，再把项链放在老妇人的腿上。故选D。 53.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。A. lift举起；B. cover覆盖；C. believe相信；D. close关闭。根据上文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the __51__ picked up the necklace, __54__ to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”可知，老妇人经常喂的鸽子居然帮她捡回项链，这是令人难以置信的事，因此作者不敢相信自己的眼睛。故选C。 54.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老太太也很吃惊，开始静静地笑了起来。A. satisfied满意的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. frightened害怕的。根据上文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the __51__ picked up the necklace, __54__ to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”和“also”可知，看到自己经常喂的鸽子居然捡回项链，老妇人的反应和作者是一样的，感到非常惊讶。故选B。 55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我脸上露出了灿烂的笑容，高高兴兴地继续看日落。A. caught抓住；B. hit击打；C. left剩下；D. met遇见。根据下文“with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset”可知，作者见到这一情景，内心是高兴的，脸上应该是仅有灿烂的笑容，即露出了灿烂的笑容，短语be left with意为“余下，剩下”，表示在某种情况下，仅剩下某些东西或某种感觉。故选C。 【技巧二：词法在完形填空中的使用】 高考英语完形填空中，词法的考查已经从“单纯辨义”升级为“在深度语境中对词汇精准含义和语法功能的双重考察”。其呈现方式远比语法填空复杂，需要你同时具备语义理解和语法分析能力。 一、动词：完形的“灵魂”，考查动态与逻辑 1. 核心考法：动词的精准语义与语境搭配 呈现方式：选项往往是近义动词或不同搭配的动词，考查在具体故事情节或语境中最贴切的那个。 解题关键：不仅看主语能否发出这个动作，更要看该动作与宾语、状语构成的“语义场”是否合理。 2. 进阶考法：非谓语动词作状语(高频难点) 呈现方式：句子主干完整，空格处需用非谓语动词表示伴随、原因、结果等。选项可能是v-ing, v-ed, to do的不同形式。 解题关键：锁定逻辑主语(通常是主句主语)，判断其与非谓语动词的主动/被动关系。 二、名词：考查具体化与上下文指代 1. 核心考法：名词的语境具体含义 呈现方式：选项为相关但含义或范围不同的名词。需要根据上下文描述的具体场景、对象来选择。 2. 进阶考法：抽象名词与具体名词的转换 呈现方式：通过名词的选用，体现从具体事件到抽象感悟的升华，或反之。 三、形容词与副词：考查情感色彩与程度修饰 1. 核心考法：形容词/副词的情感与态度 呈现方式：选项的形容词/副词可能带有褒义、贬义或中性色彩。必须紧扣作者或主人公的情感立场、价值判断。 2. 进阶考法：副词对动词逻辑的强化 呈现方式：副词不仅修饰动作方式，还可能暗示动作的因果、转折、递进等逻辑关系。 四、介词与短语动词：考查地道搭配与细微含义 1. 核心考法：介词与名词/动词/形容词的固定搭配 呈现方式：这是纯粹的“硬功夫”考点。考查你是否掌握如 be proud of, contribute to, in surprise 等地道搭配。 解题关键：长期积累，考前强化高频搭配。解题时注意空格前后的“核心词”。 2. 进阶考法：短语动词(动词+介词/副词)的辨析 呈现方式：同一动词搭配不同的小词，含义千差万别(如：give up放弃，give in屈服，give out分发)。 解题关键：将其视为一个整体新动词来理解，根据上下文情节选择。 五、代词：考查语篇衔接与指代清晰 呈现方式：在叙述中，用人称代词(he, she, they)、指示代词(this, that)、不定代词(another, the other)来指代前文提到的人或事，使行文简洁连贯。 解题关键：向前看一句，找到明确的指代对象。确保单复数、性别一致。 总结：完形填空中的词法考查，是语篇理解、逻辑判断和语言知识的三重奏。它要求你不再是“语法工程师”，而是“文本侦探”和“故事导演”，能够根据所有线索还原出作者想要表达的最准确、最地道的那个词。 【典例3】(2025全国高考I卷完形填空) One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 42 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 44 with things that, while not particularly 45 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 46 , another asking for a price cut. As our 47 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 48 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase. 49 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 50 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 51 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52 . I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 53 that share our small space. I take 54 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 55 something that couldn’t come with us. 41. A. painting over B. looking around C. emptying out D. pulling down 42. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment 43. A. store B. display C. sell D. repair 44. A. covered B. decorated C. stuffed D. equipped 45. A. conventional B. valuable C. complicated D. tolerable 46. A. fees B. photos C. receipts D. models 47. A. move B. pay C. market D. work 48. A. warning B. request C. description D. reply 49. A. Confused B. Interested C. Disappointed D. Encouraged 50. A. visits B. reports C. advice D. money 51. A. remove B. spare C. find D. check 52. A. investigated B. recognized C. encountered D. recommended 53. A. giveaways B. posts C. contributions D. belongings 54. A. joy B. part C. care D. time 55. A. anticipating B. appreciating C. delivering D. withdrawing 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。 41. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over 粉刷覆盖；B. looking around 环顾四周；C. emptying out 清空；D. pulling down 拆除。根据上文“My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel 酒店；B. office 办公室；C. cottage 小屋；D. apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。 43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D. repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。 44. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. covered 覆盖的；B. decorated 装饰的；C. stuffed 塞满的；D. equipped 配备的。根据上文“rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. conventional 传统的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. tolerable 可容忍的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees 费用；B. photos 照片；C. receipts 收据；D. models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。 47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格(0美元)并重新发布了它。A. move 搬家；B. pay 支付；C. market 市场；D. work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。 48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning 警告；B. request 请求；C. description 描述；D. reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。 49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused 困惑的；B. Interested 感兴趣的；C. Disappointed 失望的；D. Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。 50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A. visits 拜访；B. reports 报告；C. advice 建议；D. money 钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。 51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated 调查；B. recognized 认出；C. encountered 遇见；D. recommended 推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。 53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A. giveaways 赠品；B. posts 帖子；C. contributions 贡献；D. belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。 54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. joy 快乐；B. part 部分；C. care 关心；D. time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving each of the 53 that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。 55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. anticipating 期待；B. appreciating 欣赏；C. delivering 递送；D. withdrawing 撤回。根据上文“I take 54 in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。 【典例4】(24-25高三上·湖南益阳·期末) Fresh out of college and newly-married, my husband and I lived in an economically challenged community. We moved from one temporary job to another, 1 making ends meet, with the distant dream of owning a house. Fortunately, by rare chance one day, a(n) 2 came. During a camping trip, we spotted a for-sale sign 3 a piece of land byLake Superior—a potential campsite. This wild piece of waterfront property was relatively inexpensive but needed work to 4 the uncleared land. We were young and energetic,yet unsure whether we should take it. We turned to Steve’s uncle. Uncle Joe was a 5 and kind-hearted man whose 6 we valued. He had previously offered Steve wise advice. “Make 7 decisions that lead to happiness and wealth.” In dwelling on (纠结) the 8 factor of purchasing it, Steve sought his uncle’ s advice again. “Will you regret not seizing this chance?” We knew the answer. The next day,we managed to  9 enough money for our first significant purchase. We then wasted no time 10 a path to the waterfront, and spent every possible moment there, camping, swimming, and building dreams. That pursuit gave us the courage to 11 a bigger project. Two years later, with secure 12 , we used our campsite as collateral (抵押物) to 13 our first house. Steve and I have 14 most of our goals because of a few simple, sound words of 15 : Life is short; seize opportunities. 1. A. easily B. barely C. quickly D. possibly 2. A. event B. dream C. challenge D. opportunity 3. A. hiding B. advertising C. suggesting D. leaving 4. A. farm B. abandon C. protect D. develop 5. A. seasoned B. strict C. humorous D. brave 6. A. story B. account C. opinion D. secret 7. A. simple B. unexpected C. informed D. casual 8. A. beauty B. risk C. health D. time 9. A. collect B. donate C. waste D. save 10. A. following B. clearing C. blocking D. measuring 11. A. take on B. check out C. put away D. make up 12. A. connection B. service C. income D. emotion 13. A. paint B. build C. decorate D. purchase 14. A. accomplished B. missed C. changed D. set 15. A. education B. information C. comfort D. wisdom 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫在刚毕业且新婚时，生活拮据，梦想着拥有一所房子。一次偶然的机会，他们在露营时发现了一块待售的土地，虽然需要开发但价格相对便宜。在咨询了史蒂夫叔叔的建议后，他们决定买下这块地，并开始积极开发，最终以此地为抵押物购买了第一所房子。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们辗转于一个又一个临时工作，勉强维持生计，怀揣着拥有一个房子的遥远梦想。A. easily容易地；B. barely勉强地；C. quickly快速地；D. possibly可能地。根据前文“Fresh out of college and newly-married, my husband and I lived in an economically challenged community.”可知，作者夫妇俩刚毕业新婚，住在一个经济困难的小区，所以是勉强维持生计。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，有一天，一个机会来了。A. event事件；B. dream梦想；C. challenge挑战；D. opportunity机会。根据后文“During a camping trip, we spotted a for-sale sign __3__ a piece of land byLake Superior—a potential campsite.”以及“Will you regret not seizing this chance?”可知，在一次露营旅行中，作者夫妇看到一块靠近苏必利尔湖的待售土地的广告牌——一个潜在的露营地，此处指拥有自己房子的机会来了。故选D项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次露营旅行中，我们看到一块靠近苏必利尔湖的待售土地的广告牌——一个潜在的露营地。A. hiding躲藏；B. advertising做广告；C. suggesting建议；D. leaving离开。根据前文“a for-sale sign”可知，此处指一块待售土地的广告牌。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这块野生滨水区地产相对便宜，但需要开发未清理的土地。A. farm耕作；B. abandon抛弃；C. protect保护；D. develop开发。根据前文“This wild piece of waterfront property was relatively inexpensive”以及后文“the uncleared land.”可知，这块野生滨水区地产相对便宜，但是是未清理过的，所以需要开发。故选D项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔叔叔是个老练、善良的人，我们很看重他的意见。A. seasoned老练的；B. strict严格的；C. humorous幽默的；D. brave勇敢的。根据后文“whose __6__ we valued”以及“He had previously offered Steve wise advice.”可知，此处指乔叔叔是个老练的人，我们很看重他的意见。故选A项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. story故事；B. account账户；C. opinion观点；D. secret秘密。根据后文“He had previously offered Steve wise advice.”可知，此处指乔叔叔给出的意见。故选C项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：做出明智的决定，带来幸福和财富。A. simple简单的；B. unexpected意外的；C. informed明智的；D. casual随便的。根据后文“decisions that lead to happiness and wealth”可知，此处指做出明智的决定，带来幸福和财富。故选C项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在纠结购买的风险因素时，史蒂夫再次征求了他叔叔的意见。A. beauty美丽；B. risk风险；C. health健康；D. time时间。根据前文“We were young and energetic, yet unsure whether we should take it.”以及后文“Steve sought his uncle’ s advice again.”可知，作者夫妇年轻有活力，但不确定是否应该买下这块地，再次征求了叔叔的意见，所以此处表示购买是存在风险的。故选B项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我们设法凑够了钱，买下了我们的第一件贵重物品。A. collect收集，筹集；B. donate捐赠；C. waste浪费；D. save节省。根据后文“enough money for our first significant purchase”可知，此处指作者夫妇凑够了钱。故选A项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们毫不拖延地清理出一条通往水边的路，花尽可能多的时间在那里露营、游泳和构建梦想。A. following跟随；B. clearing清理；C. blocking阻碍；D. measuring测量。根据前文“but needed work to __4__ the uncleared land.”以及后文“a path to the waterfront”可知，这块野生滨水区地产相对便宜，但需要开发未清理的土地，作者夫妇在购买了该块土地后，清理出一条通往水边的路。故选B项。 11. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这种追求给了我们勇气去承担一个更大的项目。A. take on承担；B. check out结账离开；C. put away收拾起来；D. make up组成，编造。根据后文“a bigger project”可知，此处指承担一个更大的项目。故选A项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年后，有了稳定的收入，我们把露营地作为抵押买了第一套房子。A. connection联系；B. service服务；C. income收入；D. emotion情感。根据前文“Two years later”以及后文“we used our campsite as collateral (抵押物) to __13__ our first house.”可知，两年之后，作者夫妇有了稳定的收入，把露营地作为抵押买了第一套房子。故选C项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. paint绘画；B. build建造；C. decorate装饰；D. purchase购买。根据前文“we used our campsite as collateral”可知，此处指用露营地作为抵押买了第一套房子。故选D项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：史蒂夫和我已经完成了我们的大部分目标，因为几句简单而正确的智慧之语：生命短暂；抓住机遇。A. accomplished完成；B. missed错过；C. changed改变；D. set设置。根据前文“we used our campsite as collateral (抵押物) to __13__ our first house.”以及后文“most of our goals”可知，两年之后作者夫妇买了房子，所以是实现了目标。故选A项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. education教育；B. information信息；C. comfort安慰；D. wisdom智慧。根据前文“a few simple, sound words”可知，此处指几句简单而明智的话，即智慧。故选D项。 (建议用时：完形每篇10-12分钟，语法填空用时8-10分钟) 【保分练1】(2025·四川德阳·一模) Recently, a science blogger went viral online. Chen Lei, known as “Brother Hunzi” creates viral content by turning boring and difficult knowledge into 1 comic stories with witty jokes. In just two months, “Brother Hunzi Draws and Explains” has gained 10 million 2 across all platforms since its launch in June and at its peak, one video reached 140 million views. About 10 years ago, Chen launched the “Hunzhi” official account and began creating popular science comics. In 2017, he and his team introduced the “Half-Hour Comics” series of popular science books 3 the “Hunzhi” brand. “The team had been urging me for a long time, but I was always 4 . Ultimately, I decided to give it a try.” 5 , this move brought him into a broader public 6 . To date, his account has 7 more than 30 videos, 8 areas such as traditional culture, history, and humanities. He finds inspiration in the messages left by netizens. “Many people don’t 9 away from complex knowledge; they just need someone to explain it in the right way. Whatever netizens want to see, I’ll do my best to 10 it,” Chen said. This “responsive creation” approach has 11 the gap with netizens and turned the spread of knowledge into a two-way 12 . Chen believes that Chinese people have an inherent love for traditional culture. “It’s just that many people haven’t found the door yet. I hope to be the one who opens that door, allowing everyone to remember knowledge while having a good 13 .” As “a poor student” who used to 14 to grasp knowledge, he is now 15 the door to understanding for millions. 1. A. informal B. intelligent C. amusing D. engaging 2. A. followers B. competitors C. strangers D. netizens 3. A. based on B. adapted from C. applying for D. turning to 4. A. ambitious B. stubborn C. determined D. hesitant 5. A. Unfortunately B. Naturally C. Unexpectedly D. Finally 6. A. approval B. spotlight C. dialogue D. ignorance 7. A. downloaded B. purchased C. released D. admired 8. A. passing B. missing C. searching D. covering 9. A. fade B. break C. shy D. cool 10. A. study B. create C. copy D. settle 11. A. mapped B. bridged C. recorded D. pictured 12. A. interaction B. opposition C. negotiation D. separation 13. A. surprise B. performance C. course D. laugh 14. A. struggle B. manage C. intend D. refuse 15. A. fixing B. closing C. unlocking D. breaking 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了科普博主“混子哥”陈磊通过创作有趣的漫画故事传播知识，受到广泛关注并拉近了与网友的距离。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：陈磊，人称“混子哥”，通过将枯燥难懂的知识变成带有诙谐笑话的有趣漫画故事来创作热门内容。A.  informal非正式的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. amusing有趣的；D. engaging迷人的，吸引人的。根据前文“Recently, a science blogger went viral online”和“turning boring and difficult knowledge into”和后文“comic stories with witty jokes”可知，他把枯燥知识变得吸引人的，这位科普博主因此走红网络。故选D。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：6月推出以来，“混子哥画说”在各大平台上的粉丝量已达1000万，高峰时期，一个视频的浏览量达到1.4亿。A. followers追随者，粉丝；B. competitors竞争者；C. strangers陌生人；D.  netizens网民。根据前文“In just two months, “Brother Hunzi Draws and Explains” has gained 10 million”和后文“across all platforms”可知，此处描述账号在平台上的用户积累，gain followers 是固定搭配，意为 “收获粉丝”，符合自媒体账号发展的语境。故选A。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：2017年，他和团队基于“混知”品牌推出了《半小时漫画》系列科普图书。A. based on以……为基础；B.  adapted from改编自；C. applying for申请；D. turning to转向。根据上文“he and his team introduced the “Half-Hour Comics” series of popular science books”和下文“the “Hunzhi” brand”可知，《半小时漫画》系列是依托“混知”这个已有品牌打造的，based on能体现“以品牌为基础”的逻辑。故选A。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：团队一直催促我很长时间了，但我总是犹豫不决。A. ambitious有野心的；B.  stubborn固执的；C. determined坚决的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“The team had been urging  me for a long time, but I was always”和下文“Ultimately, I decided to give it a try.”可知，此前他一直拿不定主意，hesitant符合“迟迟没做决定”的状态。故选D。 5. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，这一举动让他成为了公众关注的焦点。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B.  Naturally自然地；C. Unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. Finally最后。根据上文“Recently, a science blogger went viral online”、“this move brought him  into a broader public”可知，他原本犹豫不决，而这次尝试带来了超出预期的效果，即科学博主在网上疯传，Unexpectedly能体现这种转折的意外感。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. approval批准；B. spotlight焦点；C. dialogue对话；D.  ignorance无知。根据上文“Recently, a science blogger went viral online”和“this move brought him into a broader public”可知，科学博主在网上疯传，所以此处指他这一举动让他成为了公众关注的焦点。故选B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他的账号已经发布了30多个视频，涵盖了传统文化、历史和人文等领域。A. downloaded下载；B.  purchased购买；C. released发布；D. admired钦佩。根据下文“more than 30 videos”可知，此处指他的账号发布了30多个视频。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. passing通过；B. missing错过；C. searching搜索；D.  covering覆盖，涵盖。根据下文“areas such as traditional culture, history, and humanities”可知，他的视频涵盖了传统文化、历史和人文等领域。故选D。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：陈磊说：“很多人并不回避复杂的知识；他们只是需要有人用正确的方式解释。无论网友想看什么，我都会尽力创作。”A. fade褪色；B. break打破；C. shy回避；D. cool冷却。根据下文“away from complex knowledge; they just need someone to explain it in the right way”可知，后文列举的是视频涉及的内容范围，covering能体现“包含多个领域”的含义。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. study学习；B. create创造；C. copy复制；D. settle解决。根据下文“Whatever netizens want to see, I’ll do my best to”可知，前文提到他是科普内容创作者，此处表示根据网友需求创作内容，create符合其身份。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种“响应式创作”的方法拉近了与网友的距离，使知识的传播成为双向互动。A. mapped绘制；B.  bridged架桥，弥合；C. recorded记录；D. pictured描绘。根据下文“the gap with netizens”可知，这种方法拉近了与网友的距离，bridge the gap是固定搭配，意为“消除隔阂、拉近距离”，符合创作方式带来的效果。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. interaction互动；B. opposition反对；C. negotiation谈判；D.  separation分离。根据上文“This “responsive creation” approach”和下文“turned the spread of knowledge into a two-way”可知，这种“响应式创作”，创作者根据网友需求创作，网友也会反馈，这是一种双向的互动。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望成为打开那扇门的人，让每个人在记住知识的同时开怀大笑。A. surprise惊讶；B. performance表演；C. course课程；D. laugh笑。根据上文“comic stories with witty jokes”、“allowing everyone to remember knowledge while having a good”可知，他的内容以幽默风趣为特点，have a good laugh意为“开怀大笑”，符合其内容风格。故选D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个曾经努力学习知识的“差生”，他现在正在为数百万人打开理解之门。A. struggle挣扎；B.  manage管理；C. intend打算；D. refuse拒绝。根据上文“As “a poor student””和“to grasp knowledge”可知，struggle to do sth.意为“费力做某事、艰难地做某事”，符合他自称“差生”、过去学习知识很吃力的语境。故选A。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fixing修理；B. closing关闭；C. unlocking打开；D.  breaking打破。根据上文“I hope to be the one who opens that door”和下文“the door to understanding for millions”可知，此处侧重“解锁、开启新的理解方式”的含义，他现在正在为数百万人打开理解之门。故选C。 【保分练2】(25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中) In and around China’s southwestern Sichuan province, one can often find folk artists 1 (produce) sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks. According to some academic studies, sugar painting 2 (origin) from Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures 3 (make) in molds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremony. In the Qing Dynasty, sugar painting gained more 4 (popular). The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various, most of 5 stood for good luck such as fish, dragon and monkey. Afterwards, the folk artists in Sichuan developed this art by adding techniques of Chinese paper cutting. The molds were also replaced 6 a small bronze spoon. 7 time went by, the modern form of sugar painting has 8 (gradual) developed. Although the number of sugar painters has decreased, due to its unique charm, a certain number of artists are making efforts 9 (protect) it by offering classes or holding activities such as sugar painting contests. Nowadays, this art is getting support again from the general public and it has already been listed as Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage by Sichuan Government. Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained increasing 10 (recognize). 【答案】1. producing 2. originated 3. were made 4. popularity 5. which 6. by/with 7. As 8. gradually 9. to protect 10. recognition 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国四川糖画艺术的起源、发展历程、现状及其文化价值。   1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国西南部的四川省及周边地区，人们经常可以在街头和公园里看到民间艺人用糖液制作糖画。本句已有谓语动词“can find”，所给动词“produce (制作)”与谓语动词之间无连词，因此空处应用非谓语。且“folk artists (民间艺人)”与“produce”之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填producing。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画起源于明代，当时糖制动物和人物是在模具中制成的，作为宗教仪式中祭品的一部分。空处作谓语。根据“Ming Dynasty”可知，本句描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时。 “origin (起源)”的动词形式为“originate (起源)”，其过去式为“originated”。故填originated。 3. 考查动词时态语态。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画起源于明代，当时糖制动物和人物是在模具中制成的，作为宗教仪式中祭品的一部分。 本句中“when”引导定语从句，先行词为“Ming Dynasty”，从句主语“sugar animals and figures (糖制动物和人物)”与谓语动词“make (制作)”之间是被动关系，且描述的是明朝的情况，用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，make的过去分词为made。故填were made。 4. 考查名词。句意：在清代，糖画变得更受欢迎。“gained (获得)”为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故空处应填“popular (受欢迎的)”的名词形式“popularity (流行)”，不可数名词。故填popularity。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：制作工艺得到了改进，图案也变得更加多样，其中大多数代表着好运，比如鱼、龙和猴子。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the patterns (图案)”，关系词在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，指物，故用“which”引导。故填which。 6. 考查介词。句意：模具也被一个小铜勺所取代。表示“被……取代”可用“be replaced by/with...”，介词“by”或“with”均为正确用法。故填by/with。 7. 考查连词。句意：随着时间的推移，糖画的现代形式逐渐发展起来。as time went by是固定句型，意为“随着时间的推移”。as引导时间状语从句。句首单词首字母需大写。故填As。 8. 考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，糖画的现代形式逐渐发展起来。空格处修饰动词“developed (发展)”，应用副词形式。“gradual (逐渐的)”的副词为“gradually (逐渐地)”。故填gradually。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管糖画艺人的数量已经减少，但由于其独特的魅力，一定数量的艺术家正在通过提供课程或举办诸如糖画比赛等活动来努力保护它。 根据固定搭配“make efforts to do sth. (努力做某事)”可知，此处用动词不定式。故填to protect。 10. 考查名词。句意：此外，糖画艺术家获得了越来越多的认可。“gained (获得)”为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，且空格前有形容词“increasing (越来越多的)”修饰，此处应用名词形式。“recognize (认可)”的名词形式为“recognition (认可)”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。 【保分练3】(2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) I’d always loved the coast, but my visit to the abandoned lighthouse changed me. It started when I 1 a sun-faded flyer at a cafe: “Restore Old Point Lighthouse — volunteers needed.” Tired of a troubled career, I longed for 2 from my chaotic routine. At dawn, the coordinator handed me a rusty hammer. “Fix the railings,” she said. Salt-covered metal tested my strength; each swing was a 3 against my frustration. By midday, my arms ached, but I noticed a teen beside me struggling with a nail. I knelt to help: her 4 — a quick smile — felt like a small victory. We repainted the railings and shared stories. A retired sailor said the lighthouse 5 ships through stormy dark: “It didn’t just glow — it gave 6 .” The words stayed with me. When we finished the final 7 — hanging a new lantern — we climbed to the top as the sun gilded the waves. I realized the lighthouse wasn’t just a structure; it was a 8 of hope. My own troubles felt smaller, like waves crashing harmlessly against rock. On the drive home, I stopped at a bookstore and bought a guide to lighthouse history — a 9 to keep rebuilding, even when things feel hopeless. Months later, I returned. A girl pointed: “This kept my great-grandpa safe.” In that breath, I realized small acts could 10 light for others. It is about being light, even when you feel 11 yourself. The lighthouse taught me a 12 : restoration is piecing back parts of ourselves we’ve set aside. When 13 come, I think of that hammer — one swing, 14 with others, can 15 what is worn into something whole. 1. A. designed B. spotted C. printed D. discarded 2. A. break B. solution C. signal D. reason 3. A. secret B. battle C. promise D. joke 4. A. confusion B. doubt C. response D. agreement 5. A. controlled B. followed C. guided D. stopped 6. A. advice B. judgment C. direction D. appointment 7. A. arrangement B. task C. behavior D. choice 8. A. memory B. resource C. symbol D. method 9. A. reminder B. reward C. record D. report 10. A. hide B. save C. borrow D. cast 11. A. bright B. broken C. calm D. busy 12. A. skill B. story C. rule D. lesson 13. A. setbacks B. chances C. moments D. volunteers 14. A. compared B. challenged C. competed D. joined 15. A. turn B. push C. pull D. knock 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参观废弃灯塔并参与修复工作，从中获得人生感悟的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事情始于我在一家咖啡馆看到一张褪色的传单：“修复老灯塔——招募志愿者”。A. designed设计；B. spotted看见；C. printed印刷；D. discarded丢弃。根据后文传单上的内容“Restore Old Point Lighthouse — volunteers needed.”可知，此处表示作者看到了一张传单。故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：厌倦了麻烦不断的工作，我渴望从混乱的日常生活中解脱出来。A. break休息，解脱；B. solution解决办法；C. signal信号；D. reason原因。根据后文“from my chaotic routine”可知，作者想要从混乱的日常生活中解脱出来，long for a break from...是常用搭配，表示“渴望从…… 中解脱/休息”，契合作者想逃离现状的心情。故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：被盐覆盖的金属考验着我的力量；每一次挥动都是与挫折的斗争。A. secret秘密；B. battle斗争；C. promise承诺；D. joke玩笑。根据后文“against my frustration”可知，挥锤劳作的过程被作者赋予对抗负面情绪的意义，battle against表示“与……抗争”。故选B。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我跪下来帮忙：她的回应——一个快速的微笑——感觉像是一个小小的胜利。A. confusion困惑；B. doubt怀疑；C. response回应；D. agreement同意。根据后文“a quick smile”可知，作者帮助那个青少年，青少年以微笑回应。故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位退休的水手说，灯塔在暴风雨的黑暗中指引船只：“它不只是发光——它还指引方向。”A. controlled控制；B. followed跟随；C. guided指引；D. stopped停止。根据后文“ships through stormy dark”可知，灯塔的核心功能是为船只指引方向。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advice建议；B. judgment判断；C. direction方向；D. appointment任命。根据上文“the lighthouse ____ ships through stormy dark”可知，前文提到灯塔指引船只，此处是水手对灯塔作用的升华，“给予方向”既指物理方向，也暗含精神指引。故选C。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们完成最后一项任务——挂上一盏新灯笼时，我们爬到灯塔顶端，太阳把海浪照得金光闪闪。A. arrangement安排；B. task任务；C. behavior行为；D. choice选择。根据后文“hanging a new lantern”可知，挂新灯笼是修复灯塔的最后一项具体工作，“task”指具体的任务。故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到灯塔不仅仅是一座建筑；它是希望的象征。A. memory记忆；B. resource资源；C. symbol象征；D. method方法。根据后文“of hope”可知，灯塔是希望的象征，a symbol of hope是固定表达，意为“希望的象征”，符合作者对灯塔的情感升华。故选C。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我在一家书店停下来买了一本灯塔历史指南——即使事情看起来毫无希望，也要提醒自己继续重建。A. reminder提醒物；B. reward奖励；C. record记录；D. report报告。根据后文“to keep rebuilding, even when things feel hopeless”可知，这本书的作用是提醒作者铭记灯塔带来的感悟。故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那呼吸之间，我意识到小小的举动可以为别人投射出光芒。A. hide隐藏；B. save拯救；C. borrow借；D. cast投射。根据后文“light for others”可知，cast light for others意为“为他人发光”，呼应灯塔发光的意象，比喻给予他人希望。故选D。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使你自己也感到破碎，也要成为光芒。A. bright明亮的；B. broken破碎的；C. calm冷静的；D. busy忙碌的。根据上文“It is about being light, even when you feel”可知，此处与前文作者“troubled career”以及“chaotic routine”的状态呼应，指内心的困顿与破碎感。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：灯塔给了我一个教训：修复就是把我们搁置一旁的自己重新拼凑起来。A. skill技能；B. story故事；C. rule规则；D. lesson教训。根据后文“restoration is piecing back parts of ourselves we’ve set aside”可知，teach sb. a lesson是固定搭配“给某人以教训，给某人上一课”，此处指灯塔带给作者的人生感悟。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当挫折来临时，我想到那把锤子——一次挥动，与他人一起，可以把磨损的东西变成完整的东西。A. setbacks挫折；B. chances机会；C. moments时刻；D. volunteers志愿者。根据后文“come”以及上文提到作者工作麻烦不断，可推测此处指挫折来临。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. compared比较；B. challenged挑战；C. competed竞争；D. joined加入。根据后文“with others”可知，joined with others表示“与他人携手”，体现志愿活动中众人协作的力量。故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同13小题。A. turn转动；B. push推；C. pull拉；D. knock敲。根据后文“what is worn into something whole”可知，此处表示修复破旧、重塑完整，turn...into...“把……变成……”符合语境。故选A。 【保分练4】(25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考) Expertly flipping 1 the chicken steak in the hot wok, 48-year-old street vendor Li Junyong, who has been nicknamed “chicken steak brother”, has shot to fame and become a 2 (sign) attraction in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province. His humorous interactions with tourists, such as, “You can refuse me, but please don’t refuse 3 (delicious),” and, “You deserve everything beautiful in the world, including my chicken steak”, turned the city into a trending destination over the just-finished Mid-Autumn and National Day holiday. Sales of group purchases of glass-blowing experience and pottery-making tours in the city registered year-on-year growth of 74 percent and 71 percent, 4 (respective), on the platform during the three days. Travel portal Qunar also 5 (prove) the sales power of “chicken steak brother”. Figures on Oct 1, the first day of the holiday, showed that the occupancy rate of Jingdezhen’s hotels grew 30 percent 6 (compare) with the same period last year. It’s not the first time that small cities 7 (become) an instant hit during public holidays, such as Zibo in Shandong province, 8 went viral among tourists because of the city’s delicious barbecue, as more Chinese travelers have shown an increasing interest in exploring niche destinations in order to avoid huge crowds of people. A report from Qunar said that small cities, especially 9 with distinctive cuisines, nature and culture, were popular during the National Day holiday. Noting the great momentum of Jingdezhen and “chicken steak brother” during the holiday, Wei said that the instant online hit will definitely propel the growth of the local tourism market, while it’s necessary for the local authorities 10 (seize) the opportunity to improve their tourism products and services to turn the short-lived traffic into sustainable tourism growth. 【答案】1. over 2. signature 3. deliciousness 4. respectively 5. proved 6. compared 7. have become 8. which 9. those 10. to seize 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了江西省景德镇的街头小贩李军勇因熟练地翻动鸡排和幽默的互动而走红，带动了当地旅游业的发展，文章还说明了小城市在节假日成为热门旅游地点的现象及其原因。 1. 考查介词。句意：48岁的街头小贩李军勇熟练地在热锅中翻动着鸡排，他被称为“鸡排哥”，一举成名，成为江西省景德镇的标志性景点。flip over是固定短语，意为“翻转”，over是介词。故填over。 2. 考查名词。句意：48岁的街头小贩李军勇熟练地在热锅中翻动着鸡排，他被称为“鸡排哥”，一举成名，成为江西省景德镇的标志性景点。提示词修饰名词attraction，用名词signature作定语，意为“明显特征，鲜明特色”，名词作定语表类别。故填signature。 3. 考查名词。句意：他与游客的幽默互动，如“你可以拒绝我，但请不要拒绝美味”，“你值得拥有世界上所有美好的事物，包括我的鸡排”，让这座城市在刚刚结束的中秋和国庆假期成为热门旅游目的地。提示词作宾语，用名词deliciousness，意为“美味”，不可数名词。故填deliciousness。 4. 考查副词。句意：在三天的时间里，该平台上该市玻璃吹制体验团购和陶艺制作之旅的销量分别同比增长了74%和71%。提示词修饰谓语动词registered，意为“分别地”。故填respectively。 5. 考查时态。句意：旅游门户网站去哪儿网也证明了“鸡排哥”的销售实力。prove(证明)是谓语动词，与主语Travel portal Qunar之间是主动关系，根据上文可知，讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式proved。故填proved。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：10月1日，假期第一天，数据显示，与去年同期相比，景德镇酒店的入住率增长了30%。“(compare) with the same period last year”在句中作比较状语，compare(比较)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语the occupancy rate之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填compared。 7. 考查时态。句意：这已经不是小城市第一次在公共假期迅速走红了，比如山东省的淄博，因为这座城市美味的烧烤而在游客中疯传，因为越来越多的中国游客表现出对探索小众目的地的兴趣，以避开巨大的人群。“It is/was the+序数词+time+that...”是固定句型，主句中用is时，从句用现在完成时态，主句用was时，从句用过去完成时态；主句中是is，且从句主语small cities是复数名词，从句用现在完成时态have become。故填have become。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：这已经不是小城市第一次在公共假期迅速走红了，比如山东省的淄博，因为这座城市美味的烧烤而在游客中疯传，因为越来越多的中国游客表现出对探索小众目的地的兴趣，以避开巨大的人群。“__8__ went viral among tourists because of the city’s delicious barbecue”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zibo，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 9. 考查代词。句意：去哪儿网的一份报告称，在国庆假期期间，具有独特美食、自然和文化的小城市很受欢迎。指代复数名词small cities，且后接with介词短语作后置定语，应用复数代词those特指“那些……的小城市”。故填those。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：魏指出，景德镇和“鸡排哥”在假期期间势头强劲，这种瞬间的网络热潮肯定会推动当地旅游市场的增长，同时当地政府有必要抓住机会改善旅游产品和服务，将短期的客流量转化为可持续的旅游增长。“it’s necessary for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是必要的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to do sth.。故填to seize。 (建议用时：完形每篇10-12分钟、阅读理解每篇用时7分钟) 【抢分练1】(25-26高三上·广西南宁·月考) Inside a workshop in Lyon, France, the soft rhythm of weaving (织布) machines fills the air as colorful threads move smoothly. For centuries, silk-making traditions, passed down through generations, 1 (shape) Lyon’s identity. In these workshops, skilled workers use silk-screen printing, 2 technique originating in China, to layer colors one by one. 3 (remarkable), creating a single scarf can involve up to 30 different colors, each requiring its own screen and printing step. This 4 (detail) process, demanding steady hands and sharp eyes, ensures that every piece is unique, and full of character. Lyon’s connection to silk dates back to ancient times, 5 the city became a key gateway for Chinese silk entering Europe. During the Roman Empire. Lyon’s location along the Rhine River made it an important trading center. The 6 (arrive) of silk brought significant cultural and economic changes, establishing long-lasting ties between China and France. Even the street designs of Lyon’s Old Town 7 (tailor) to protect silk products from wind and rain during transport, showing how silk influenced the city’s development in many ways. Today, Lyon is still celebrated 8 a center for silk production, design, and cultural exchange, 9 (inspire) many famous fashion houses around the world. Thanks to China’s Belt and Road initiative, new trade routes are bringing fresh 10 (opportunity) to Lyon. This renewed partnership continues to weave a future of shared creativity and innovation. 【答案】1. have shaped 2. a 3. Remarkably 4. detailed 5. when 6. arrival 7. were tailored 8. as 9. inspiring 10. opportunities 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以法国里昂的丝绸产业为核心，追溯其历史渊源、详述制作工艺，并展现丝绸对里昂的深远影响及当下发展前景，同时凸显中法因丝绸建立的千年贸易纽带。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：几个世纪以来，代代相传的丝绸制作传统塑造了里昂的特色。shape“塑造”在句中作谓语。根据时间状语For centuries可知，此句强调动作从过去持续到现在，并对现在产生影响(即丝绸制作传统至今仍塑造着里昂的特色)，用现在完成时，主语silk-making traditions是复数，助动词用have。故填have shaped。 2. 考查冠词。句意：在这些作坊里，熟练的工人使用起源于中国的丝网印刷技术，一层一层地叠加颜色。此处泛指“一项起源于中国的技术”，作silk-screen printing的同位语，technique是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 3. 考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，制作一条围巾可能需要多达30种不同的颜色，每种颜色都需要自己的丝网和印刷步骤。此处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词remarkably“值得注意的是，令人惊讶的是”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Remarkably。 4. 考查形容词。句意：这个精细的工序需要稳健的双手和敏锐的眼睛，确保每一件作品都独一无二，充满个性。此处修饰名词process，应用形容词detailed“细致的，精细的”，作定语。故填detailed。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：里昂与丝绸的联系可以追溯到古代，当时这座城市成为中国丝绸进入欧洲的重要门户。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ancient times，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 6. 考查名词。句意：丝绸的到来带来了重大的文化和经济变革，在中法两国之间建立了持久的联系。此处作主语，根据空前The以及空后of可知此空用名词arrival“到来”，不可数名词。故填arrival。 7. 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：甚至里昂老城区的街道布局也是为了在运输过程中保护丝绸制品不受风吹雨淋而精心设计的，这表明丝绸在很多方面都对这座城市的发展产生了影响。设空处在句中作谓语，此处描述过去发生的事情，主语street designs和动词tailor“专门制作，根据特定需要制作”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语street designs是复数，be动词用were。故填were tailored。 8. 考查介词。句意：如今，里昂仍被誉为丝绸生产、设计与文化交流的中心，激励着世界各地众多著名时装公司。be celebrated as是固定短语，意为“作为……而闻名/受到赞誉”。故填as。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为is celebrated，此处为非谓语动词，主语Lyon与动词inspire之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填inspiring。 10. 考查名词复数。句意：由于中国的“一带一路”倡议，新的贸易路线正在为里昂带来新的机遇。本空作bringing的宾语，opportunity“机遇”是可数名词，空前无限定词，结合“new trade routes are bringing fresh”可知，应用复数形式，表示不止一个机会。故填opportunities。 【抢分练2】(2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模) Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 1. Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A. Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B. Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C. Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D. Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 2. Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A. Listening to music. B. Smoking cigarettes. C. Exploring the Antarctic. D. Watching a horror film. 3. What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A. Conscious efforts. B. Genetic adaptation. C. Blocking spiciness signals. D. Keeping receptors from responding. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B. The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C. The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D. The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. (我们从辣椒中感受到的热感源自辣椒素，这是一种植物的化学防御物质。它专门作用于TRPV1受体，该受体存在于伤害感受器(能够感知潜在有害因素，如超过42℃的高温)”可知，吃辣椒会让人们产生灼烧感是因为辣椒素会触发TRPV1受体的反应。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable, transforming the initial pain into a form of “benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure.(这种感觉逐渐被重新评估为安全且可控的，从而将最初的痛苦转化为一种“良性受虐狂”的体验。就像乘坐过山车时的刺激感一样，我们所感知到的危险——如今已处于我们的掌控之中——成为了愉悦的一部分)”可知，享受辣食的快感属于“良性受虐”——明知没有实际伤害，却因可控的“危险感”获得刺激，和看恐怖片的体验逻辑一致(恐惧但安全)。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate.(每个人的耐受度都有所不同。遗传因素会影响人体TRPV1受体对辣椒素的敏感程度。更重要的是，人们能够逐渐形成耐受性，即通过训练让身体和大脑能够更好地应对更高的辣度。随着时间的推移，这些受体自身的反应会减弱，而大脑的预测系统也会变得更加准确)”可知，增强对辛辣食物的耐受能力需要积极主动的努力。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology.(吃辛辣食物时，会出现流泪、出汗、流鼻涕等生理反应。然而，全球数以百万计的人却热衷于这种令人不适的感觉。其原因并非在于味觉，而是源于我们复杂的神经系统和心理状态)”结合本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。可知，B选项“辣味爱好者面临的困境：在痛苦中寻求愉悦”最符合文章标题。故选B。 【长难句分析】 1. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：它专门作用于TRPV1——一种存在于痛觉感受器上的受体。痛觉感受器是专门探测潜在有害因素(如超过42℃的热度)的特殊神经细胞。主句：It specifically targets TRPV1，“a receptor present on nociceptors”是TRPV1的同位语，进一步说明其性质。破折号后 “the special nerve cells...” 是对nociceptors的补充说明。整句通过层层递进的同位语结构，精确定义了辣椒素作用的生物学路径。 2. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：然而，通过反复暴露，大脑会持续收到“并未发生实际组织损伤”的反馈信息。主句：it receives consistent feedback，“indicating no actual tissue damage occurs” 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 feedback。逻辑主语是brain，但句中用it指代。句子虽短，但包含因果逻辑：反复暴露 → 收到反馈 → 反馈内容为“无实际损伤”。 【抢分练3】(25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考) In 1993, high school senior Jed was a star athlete at his Arizona high school. Outwardly cheerful, he 1 his difficult home life from classmates. Jed’s mom, Jerry, had been 2 him and his brother, Josh, by herself. Although she worked multiple jobs, money was always 3 . Despite their 4 , Jerry didn’t want her younger son to 5 a letterman jacket: a symbol of athletic achievement. “I 6 being at the jacket shop with my mom, and designing it myself,” he says of the jacket — bright red and gold for the Chaparral Firebirds, with his name and letter 7 displayed on the front. However, when the $300 jacket was ready, his family couldn’t 8 it. Heartbroken, he never picked it up. Jed’s mom died in 2012 and Jed and his brother 9 in the following years. So, Jed was surprised to get a call out of the blue from Josh in 2021. Josh had found a letterman jacket in a small Arizona store and sent a picture. To Jed’s 10 , it was his jacket. Equally amazed, Josh strode right to the 11 and bought it — for $25. Within a week, Jed returned to Arizona and 12 the jacket for the first time. It fit perfectly and was clearly unworn, even bearing the 13 inspection tag in the pocket. Jed was not even sure whether it was the original jacket shop or a different one that 14 its stock. In either case, its reappearance felt like a miracle to both Jed and Josh: not only did it make them feel the 15 of their late mom, but it also brought the brothers closer together. 1. A. shared B. ignored C. hid D. accepted 2. A. raising B. training C. lecturing D. comforting 3. A. sufficient B. dirty C. stable D. tight 4. A. scholarship B. strengths C. passion D. struggles 5. A. pay attention to B. miss out on C. look forward to D. hold fast to 6. A. remember B. enjoy C. imagine D. appreciate 7. A. secretly B. proudly C. casually D. nervously 8. A. find B. value C. afford D. repair 9. A. looked over B. got together C. drifted away D. made up 10. A. relief B. delight C. regret D. disbelief 11. A. calculator B. tailor C. register D. donor 12. A. tried on B. put away C. showed off D. took in 13. A. expensive B. original C. curious D. additional 14. A. inherited B. repaired C. cleaned D. sold 15. A. power B. accomplishment C. sadness D. presence 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Jed年少时因家贫未能买下象征运动成就的夹克，多年后兄弟俩意外寻回夹克，重拾母爱并拉近兄弟情谊的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：表面上开朗的他，向同学们隐瞒了自己艰难的家庭生活。A. shared分享；B. ignored忽视；C. hid隐藏；D. accepted接受。根据前文“Outwardly cheerful”可知，此处指他将艰难的家庭生活隐藏起来，不被同学知晓。故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jed的妈妈Jerry一直独自抚养他和弟弟 Josh。A. raising抚养；B. training训练；C. lecturing讲座；D. comforting安慰。根据后文“by herself”及“Although she worked multiple jobs”可知，妈妈独自承担起抚养两个孩子的责任。故选A。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管她打多份工，但钱总是很紧张。A. sufficient充足的；B. dirty肮脏的；C. stable稳定的；D. tight紧张的。根据前文“worked multiple jobs”可知，家庭经济状况紧张。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管生活艰难，Jerry不想让小儿子错过一件运动员荣誉夹克 —— 运动成就的象征。A. scholarship奖学金；B. strengths优势；C. passion热情；D. struggles艰难处境，挣扎。根据前文“Although she worked multiple jobs”可知，此处指他们的生活艰难处境。故选D。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管生活艰难，Jerry 不想让小儿子错过一件运动员荣誉夹克 —— 运动成就的象征。A. pay attention to关注；B. miss out on错过；C. look forward to期待；D. hold fast to坚持。根据后文“being at the jacket shop with my mom, and designing it myself”可知，妈妈不想让儿子错过这件象征荣誉的夹克。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我记得和妈妈一起去夹克店，自己设计这件夹克，” 他说起这件夹克时说道 —— 为查帕拉尔火鸟队设计的鲜红色和金色，正面骄傲地印着他的名字和字母标识。A. remember记得；B. enjoy享受；C. imagine想象；D. appreciate感激。根据后文“the jacket shop with my mom, and designing it myself,” he says of the jacket — bright red and gold for the Chaparral Firebirds, with his name and letter ____ displayed on the front. ”可知，Jed 在回忆当年和妈妈去设计夹克的场景。故选A。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我记得和妈妈一起去夹克店，自己设计这件夹克，” 他说起这件夹克时说道 —— 为查帕拉尔火鸟队设计的鲜红色和金色，正面骄傲地印着他的名字和字母标识。A. secretly秘密地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. casually随意地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上文“a letterman jacket: a symbol of athletic achievement”可知，这件夹克是运动成就的象征，名字和字母标识应是骄傲地展示在正面，符合荣誉象征的语境。故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当这件300美元的夹克做好时，他的家人却买不起。A. find找到；B. value重视；C. afford买得起；D. repair修理。根据前文“money was always ____ ”及后文“Heartbroken, he never picked it up”可知，家人无力支付夹克费用。故选C。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jed的妈妈于2012年去世，在接下来的几年里，Jed和弟弟渐渐疏远了。A. looked over检查；B. got together团聚；C. drifted away渐渐疏远；D. made up和好，组成。根据后文“Jed was surprised to get a call out of the blue from Josh in 2021”可知，妈妈去世后兄弟俩渐渐疏远，联系变少。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令Jed难以置信的是，那正是他的夹克。A. relief宽慰；B. delight高兴；C. regret后悔；D. disbelief难以置信。根据下文“Equally amazed”可知，Jed 应是感到难以置信。故选D。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样惊讶的Josh径直走到收银台，以25美元的价格买下了它。A. calculator计算器；B. tailor裁缝；C. register收银台；D. donor捐赠者。根据后文“bought it”可知，此处应是走到收银台付款。故选C。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一周内，Jed 回到亚利桑那州，第一次试穿了这件夹克。A. tried on试穿；B. put away收好；C. showed off炫耀；D. took in吸收，理解。根据后文“It fit perfectly”可知，此处指试穿夹克。故选A。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它非常合身，显然从未穿过，口袋里甚至还装着原始的检验标签。A. expensive昂贵的；B. original原始的；C. curious好奇的；D. additional额外的。根据上文“unworn”可知，口袋里的检验标签应是原始的，未被移除。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jed 甚至不确定是原来的夹克店还是另一家店接手了这批存货。A. inherited继承；B. repaired修理；C. cleaned清理；D. sold出售。根据前文“Equally amazed, Josh strode right to the ____ and bought it — for $25.”可知，此处指有人接手了这批夹克存货。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，这件夹克的重新出现对Jed和Josh来说都像一个奇迹：它不仅让他们感受到已故母亲的存在，也让兄弟俩的关系更加亲密。A. power力量；B. accomplishment成就；C. sadness悲伤；D. presence存在。根据上文内容可知，这件夹克是妈妈当年想给Jed买的，它的重现让兄弟俩仿佛感受到妈妈还在身边，感受到她的存在。故选D。 【抢分练4】(2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) Sick young ants release a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the colony from infection, scientists said Tuesday, adding that queens do not seem to commit this act of self-sacrifice. Many animals conceal illness for social reasons. Ant colonies, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” signal, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. When adult worker ants get an illness, they leave the nest to die alone. Young ants, known as pupae, in contrast are still trapped inside a cocoon, making social distancing impossible. Scientists had already figured out that when these pupae are terminally ill, there is a chemical change that produces a particular smell. Adult worker ants then gather around, remove the cocoon, “bite holes in the pupae and insert poison,” Dawson said. For the research, the scientists wanted to figure out whether the pupae “were actively saying: ‘hey, come and kill me,’” Dawson said. First, the scientists extracted the smell from the sick pupae of a black garden ant. When they applied the smell to a healthy brood in the lab, the workers still destroyed them. Then, the team conducted an experiment showing that the sick pupae only produce the smell when worker ants are nearby, proving it is a deliberate signal for destruction. “While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation,” Dawson said. However, there is one member of the nest that does not sacrifice itself. When queen pupae are infected inside their cocoons, they do not send out the smelly warning signal, the team found. “Are they cheating the system?” Dawson said the team asked themselves. However, they found that the “queen pupae have much better immune systems than the worker pupae, and so they were able to fight off the infection — and that’s why we think that they weren’t signalling”, she said. Dawson hopes future research will investigate whether queen pupae sacrifice themselves when it becomes clear they will not beat their infection. 1. Why does the author mention the “find-me and eat-me” signal? A. To explain the self-sacrifice signal system of the ants. B. To contrast disease responses in insects and humans. C. To show how ants carry out social distancing in the nest. D. To describe the method scientists used in their experiment. 2. What does the word “altruistic” in Paragraph 4 most nearly mean? A. Driven by self-preservation instincts. B. Carried out for the benefit of others. C. Controlled by genetic programming. D. Triggered by external chemical signals. 3. Why don’t queen pupae emit the warning signal? A. They possess superior immune defenses against infection. B. They use a biological trick to avoid detection. C. They postpone signaling until the infection progresses. D. They rely on specialized protective mechanisms. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Sick young ants invite destruction to save colony. B. Sick young ants send signals asking for treatment. C. Queen ants refuse to signal and avoid sacrifice. D. Different ant species show various sacrifice behaviors. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了生病的年轻蚂蚁会释放一种气味，告诉工蚁摧毁它们以保护蚁群免受感染，而蚁后似乎不会做出这种自我牺牲的行为，并说明了背后的原因。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Many animals conceal illness for social reasons. Ant colonies, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” signal, according to an Austria-led team of scientists(许多动物出于社会原因隐藏疾病。然而，一个由奥地利领导的科学家团队称，蚂蚁群落就像一个“超级生物体”，致力于确保所有蚂蚁的生存，这与我们体内受感染的细胞发出“找到我并吃掉我”的信号类似)”可知，蚂蚁群落就像一个“超级生物体”，致力于确保所有蚂蚁的生存，可推理出作者提到“找到我并吃掉我”的信号是为了解释蚂蚁的自我牺牲信号系统。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段““While it is a sacrifice—a truly altruistic act—it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation,” Dawson said(道森说：“虽然这是一种牺牲——一种真正的altruistic行为——但这也符合它们自身的利益，因为这意味着它们的基因将存活下来并传给下一代。”)”可知，划线词上文提到了牺牲，下文提到了符合它们自身的利益，可推理出蚂蚁的这种自我牺牲行为是利他的，所以“altruistic”在这里最接近的意思是“利他的”。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, they found that the “queen pupae have much better immune systems than the worker pupae, and so they were able to fight off the infection—and that’s why we think that they weren’t signalling”, she said(然而，他们发现“蚁后蛹的免疫系统比工蚁蛹好得多，所以它们能够抵御感染——这就是我们认为它们不发出信号的原因”，她说)”可知，蚁后蛹不发出警告信号是因为它们拥有更强的免疫防御能力来对抗感染。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“Sick young ants release a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the colony from infection, scientists said Tuesday, adding that queens do not seem to commit this act of self-sacrifice.(科学家周二表示，生病的年轻蚂蚁会释放一种气味，告诉工蚁摧毁它们以保护蚁群免受感染，并补充说蚁后似乎不会做出这种自我牺牲的行为)”可知，文章主要围绕生病的年轻蚂蚁通过释放气味邀请被摧毁以拯救蚁群展开，所以A选项“Sick young ants invite destruction to save colony(生病的年轻蚂蚁邀请被摧毁以拯救蚁群)”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。 【长难句分析】 1. Ant colonies, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” signal, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：然而，一个奥地利领衔的科学家团队指出，蚂蚁群落像一个“超个体”那样运作，致力于确保整个群体的生存，这类似于我们体内受感染的细胞发出“找到我、吃掉我”的信号。主句：Ant colonies act as one “super-organism”。定语从句：which works to ensure the survival of all(修饰 super-organism)；形容词短语作状语：similar to how infected cells... send out a... signal，其中how infected cells... send out... 是介词 to 的宾语从句。 2. Scientists had already figured out that when these pupae are terminally ill, there is a chemical change that produces a particular smell. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：科学家们已经发现，当这些蛹病入膏肓时，会发生一种化学变化，产生一种特殊的气味。主句：Scientists had already figured out。宾语从句：that... there is a chemical change...(作 figured out 的宾语)，宾语从句中套时间状语从句：when these pupae are terminally ill，宾语从句中套定语从句：that produces a particular smell(修饰 change)。 3. While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation. 【分析】这是一个复合句。句意：虽然这是一种牺牲——一种真正利他的行为——但这同时也符合它们自身的利益，因为这意味着它们的基因能够存活下来并传递给下一代。主句：it’s also in their own interest。让步状语从句：While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act —；原因状语从句：because it means that...；原因从句中含宾语从句：that their genes are going to survive and be passed on...(作 means 的宾语)。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $