Unit 8 Road to success-2025-2026学年七年级下册英语词汇变形及词缀精讲（沪外版）

7年级下册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 Unit8】Road to success 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 achievement/A'ti:vmant//n.成breathe/bri:/v.呼吸；呼出 不及格 就；成绩：功绩 focus/fak3sv.m.集中（注意 success/sk'ses/n.成功：胜利 museum /mju'zi:am/n.博物馆 力)：聚焦；焦点 smart/snat/adj.w.聪明的；机 discuss/dr'skas/v.讨论；谈论 count /kaont/v.n.数数；计算；灵的；（使）整洁 succeed/sak'si:d/v.成功：达成总数 fear /fia(r)/n.N.害怕：恐惧；惧 scientist/'saranti虹st/n.科学家 stroke/strk/n./v.中风；笔画：怕 tense/tens/.adjn.紧张的；绷紧抚摸 persistence /p3'sIstans/n.坚持； 的：时态 hardly'ha:dli/ad.几乎不：简毅力 spring/spr四/n.W.春天；春季；直不 resilience/r'zIlians/n.韧性；适 跳；跃 alone /a'laUn/adj./adv.单独的：应力 forward/'fo:wad/adv/adj.~.向独自的：独自 前；前进：向前的：促进 fail /feil/v.失败：未能（做到）： 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.succeed/sk'si:dv.成功：达成 名词形式：success 形容词形式：successful 副词形式：successfully 构词解析：前缀suc(=sb-,表“在下面”)+ceed(行走)，字面义“从下面走过去”，引申为“成 功”；-cess是名词后缀（如access),-ful构成形容词，-ly构成副词。 同类词：process(过程)、proceed(继续进行) 例句：If you work hard,you will succeed in the end. 真题链接（沪外版7下单元测试）：Her hard work led to great一(succeed)in her studies.(答案： success) 2.scientist/'sarantist/n.科学家 名词（学科）：science 形容词：scientific 副词：scientifically 1 7年级下册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析：词根sci(知道)+后缀-ence（名词后缀，表“性质”)→science(科学)：-ist表“从事 …职业的人”（如artist)。 例句：Marie Curie was a great scientist who discovered radium. 真题链接（沪外版7下教材例句）：We should learn from famous scientists like Yuan Longping. 3.discuss/d'skAs/V.讨论：谈论 名词形式：discussion 构词解析：前缀dis-(分开)+cuss(敲打，nock),字面义“敲打分开”，引申为“讨论”；ion是 名词后缀（如action)。 固定搭配：discuss sth.with sb.=have a discussion with sb. 例句：They are discussing how to solve the problem in groups. 真题链接（沪外版7下同步练习）：After the一(discuss),we finally agreed on the plan.（答案： discussion) 4.achievement/A'ti:vmant/n.成就；成绩；功绩 动词形式：achieve 形容词形式：achievable(可实现的) 构词解析：前缀a-(=to)+chif(头，顶端)+后缀-ment(名词后缀，表“结果”)，字面义“到达 顶端”，引申为“成就”；-able表“可…的”。 例句：His achievements in space exploration are well-known. 真题链接（沪外版7下单元测试）：We should try our best to一(achievement)our dreams.(答案： achieve 5.tense/tens/adj..紧张的：绷紧的；n.时态 副词形式：tensely 名词形式（紧张状态）：tension 构词解析：词根tens(伸展，如extend)+-e构成形容词/名词；-ly构成副词，-ion构成抽象名词（如 extension 例句：She felt tense before the English exam. 真题链接（沪外版7下语法填空）：The present perfect一(tense)is used to express an action that started in the past and continues now.(答案：tense) 6.forward/'fo:wad/adv./adj.w.向前；前进；向前的；促进 动词形式（同义词）：promote 构词解析：前缀for-(向前)+ward(方向)，表“向前的方向”；作动词时与promote近义（促进）。 固定搭配：look forward to(期待) 例句：He took a step forward and smiled at us. 真题链接（沪外版7下同步练习）：We are all looking forward to(visit)the science museum.(答 案：visiting) 7.focus/'faukas/v.m.集中（注意力）：聚焦：焦点 过去式/过去分词：focused/focussed 2 7年级下册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 第三人称单数：focuses/.focusses 构词解析：源自拉丁语“壁炉”（家庭活动中心），后引申为“焦点”；美式常用focused,英式可用 focussed. 固定搭配：focus on(集中于) 例句：You need to focus on your study instead of playing games. 真题链接（沪外版7下单元测试)：Please_(focus)your attention on the blackboard.(答案：focus) 8.fail/fel/v.失败：未能（做到）：不及格 名词形式：failure 形容词形式：failed(失败的，如a failed attempt) 构词解析：前缀fa-(=fall,落下)+il(可能受前缀in-影响)，字面义“落下”，引申为“失败"”：-ure 是名词后缀（如pressure)。 固定搭配：fail to do sth.(未能做某事) 例句：If you don't work hard,.you may fail the exam. 真题链接（沪外版7下同步练习）：His一(fai)to pass the test made him very sad.(答案：failure) 9.smart/smat/adj.w.聪明的；机灵的；（使）整洁 副词形式：smartly 名词形式：smartness 构词解析：可能源自中古英语smerten(刺痛)，后引申为“敏锐的、聪明的”；y构成副词，-ness 构成名词。 例句：She is a smar't girl who can solve math problems quickly. 真题链接（沪外版7下教材例句）：He always dresses smartly for school. 10.fear/fie(r)/n.~.害怕；恐惧；惧怕 形容词形式：fearful 副词形式：fearfully 构词解析：原始日耳曼语词根fr(危险)，fl构成形容词(“充满…的”)，y构成副词。 固定搭配：be afraid of=fear（害怕) 例句：Don't fear difficulties,just face them bravely. 真题链接（沪外版7下单元测试）：She has a一(fear)of snakes.(答案：fear) l1.persistence /p3'sIstans/n.坚持：毅力 动词形式：persist 形容词形式：persistent 副词形式：persistently 构词解析：前缀per(贯穿)+sist(站立，如insist),字面义“一直站着”，引申为“坚持”：-ence 构成名词，-ent构成形容词。 例句：Persistence is the key to success.. 真题链接（沪外版7下同步阅读）：With great一(persist)),he finally climbed to the top of the mountain (答案：persistence) 3 7年级下册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 l2.resilience/rI'zrlians/n.韧性：适应力 形容词形式：resilient 构词解析：前缀re-(重新)+silire(跳，如salient),字面义“重新跳起来”，引申为“恢复力、韧 性”；ent构成形容词。 例句：Children have strong resilience to overcome difficulties.. 真题链接（沪外版7下拓展阅读）：The plant shows great_(resilient)in dry weather.(答案：resilience) 13.hardly/ha:dli/adv.几乎不；简直不 形容词形式：hard(努力的：硬的) 构词解析：hard(形容词)+-ly构成副词，但hardly并非“努力地”，而是通过否定前缀hard-(此 处为特殊演变)表“几乎不”，属于“反向构词”。 注意：hard作副词时表“努力地”（如work hard),hardly表否定。 例句：I can hardly believe my eyes when I saw the result. 真题链接（沪外版7下语法填空）：He works一hard),but he hardly gets good grades.(答案：hard) 14.alone/A'lan/adj./adv.单独的：独自的：独自 近义词：lonely(孤独的，表情感) 构词解析：前缀a-(表“状态”)+lone(孤独的)，强调“独自一人”的客观状态：lonely侧重主观 情感。 例句：She lives alone,but she never feels lonely. 真题链接（沪外版7下单元测试）：He likes to work一(alone/lonely)in the library.(答案：alone) 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The scientist made an important _(in his research. 7.We should have a(about the plan before making a decision. 8.Her()in the competition encouraged many young people. 9.He showed great()to overcome all the difficulties. 10.The plant's_(helps it survive in harsh environments. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She worked hard and finally achieved(succeed)in her career. 2.The_(science)method is very important in doing experiments. 3.After a long_(discuss),they decided to postpone the meeting. 4 7年级下册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 4.We need to(focus)our efforts on improving our English skills. 5.His-(fail)to keep his promise made his friends very disappointed. 6.The child looked at the snake (fear)and couldn't move. 7.The team_(successful)completed the project ahead of time. 8.She speaks English_(fluent),so she can communicate with foreigners easily. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.我们都期待着参观那个新的科学博物馆。 We are all visiting the new science museum 2.他太紧张了，几乎说不出话来。 He was so-that he could-speak. 3.如果你坚持努力，你最终会成功的。 If you working hard,you will in the end. 4.她独自住在一个小房子里，但从不感到孤独。 She lives_in a small house,but she never feels_ 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A young man wanted to be a_(science).He believed that with-(persist)and hard work,he could achieve his dream.Every day,he would_(focus)on his studies and read books about science. He often had_(discuss)with his teachers and classmates.Once,he failed an important exam, but he didn't lose heart.His teacher told him that(fail)is a part of learning.With the teacher's encouragement,he became more(resilient).Finally,after years of hard work,he made a great (achieve)in his field.He said,"Never-(fear)difficulties.Success belongs to those who keep trying.” 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.discovery 7.discussion 8.success 9.persistence 10.resilience 7年级下册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.success 2.scientific 3.discussion 4.focus 5.failure 6.fearfully 7.successfully 8.fluently I.完成句子 1.looking forward to 2.tense;hardly 3.persist in;succeed 4.alone;lonely V.语篇填空 1.scientist 2.persistence 3.focus 4.discussions 5.failure 6.resilient 7.achieve- ment 8.fear 6