Unit 3 It must belong to Carla-2025-2026学年九年级全一册英语词汇变形及词缀精讲（鲁教版）

9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit3】It must belong to Carla 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 whose/hu:z/pron.谁的 sleepy/'sli:pi/ad.困倦的；瞌睡防止 picnic/pknk/n.野餐v.去野的 energy/'enad3in.能量；精力； 餐 express /k'spres/v.表达：表示；能源 attend/a'tend/v.出席；参加：照快递n.快车；快递 position /p3'zn/n.位置；职位： 料 circle/'s3k/n.圆圈；圈子v.圈姿态 valuable'vaeljuabl/adj.贵重的：出：环绕 victory/'viktari/n.胜利：获胜 有价值的 leader/'li:dar)/n.领导者；领enemy/'enami/n.敌人；仇敌： anybody/'eni,bDdi/pron.任何袖；首领 敌军 人：无论谁 medical/medikl/adj.医学的；period/'pIariad/n.一段时间；时 policeman /p3'li:sman/n.警察 医疗的：内科的 期：句号 noise/noIz/n.噪音；喧闹声 purpose/p3pas/n.目的：意图； laboratory'bDratri/n.实验室；用途 化验室 prevent /pri'vent/v.预防；阻止； 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.valuable'vaeljuabl/adj.贵重的：有价值的 名词形式：value(价值：重视) 构词解析：后缀-bl:加在名词或动词后，构成形容词，表“可…的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：comfortable(舒适的)←-comfort(舒适)、enjoyable(愉快的)←-enjoy(享受) 例句：This old painting is very valuable and worth a lot of money. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习)：Time is(value),so we should make good use of it.(答案： valuable) 2.attend/'tend/v.出席：参加：照料 名词形式：attendance(出席；到场人数) 形容词形式：attentive(专心的：周到的) 构词解析：前缀at-(=a-,表“朝向”)+tend(伸展)，字面义“伸向…”，引申为“专注于、参 加”；-ance构成名词，-ive构成形容词。 1 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：All students are required to attend the school meeting tomorrow. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级教材例句）：She was unable to attend the party because of illness. 3.medical/medikl/adj.医学的；医疗的：内科的 名词形式：medicine(药：医学) 构词解析：后缀-ical:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“…的：与…相关的”。 同类词：chemical(化学的)←chemistry(化学)、physical(物理的)←-physics(物理) 例句：The hospital has the latest medical equipment. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习)：My brother wants to study (medicine)and become a doctor. (答案：medical) 4.prevent /pr'vent/v.预防；阻止：防止 名词形式：prevention(预防：阻止) 固定搭配：prevent..from doing sth.(阻止…做某事) 构词解析：前缀pre-（预先)+vent（来)，字面义“预先到来”，引申为“阻止…发生”；-ion构 成名词。 例句：Washing hands often can help prevent the spread of diseases.. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习)：We should take action to_ (prevention)pollution.(答案： prevent 5.express/k'spres/v.表达；表示；快递n.快车；快递 名词形式：expression(表达：表情) 形容词形式：expressive(富有表情的：善于表达的) 构词解析：前缀ex-(出)+press（压)，字面义“压出、挤出”，引申为“表达”；-ion构成名词，-ive 构成形容词。 例句：He used a poem to express his love for his motherland 真题链接（鲁教版九年级教材例句）：Her face showed no expression when she heard the news. 6.leader/'li:dar/n.领导者；领袖：首领 动词形式：lead(领导；带领；导致) 形容词形式：leading(主要的：领先的) 构词解析：后缀-e:加在动词后，表“做…的人”。 同类词：teacher(教师)←-teach（教)、worker(工人)←-work(工作) 例句：A good leader should listen to the opinions of others.. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习)：He (leader)the team to victory in the competition.(答案： led) 7.sleepy/sli:pi/adj.困倦的；瞌睡的 动词形式：sleep(睡觉) 名词形式：sleep(睡眠) 构词解析：后缀-y:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“充满…的：有…倾向的”。 同类词：cloudy(多云的)←-cloud（云)、thirsty(口渴的)←thirst(口渴) 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：I stayed up late last night,so I feel sleepy now. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习)：After a long walk,the little girl felt_(sleep)and wanted to go to bed..(答案：sleepy) 8.purpose/'p3psn.目的；意图；用途 形容词形式：purposeful(有目的的：果断的) 固定搭配：on purp0se（故意地) 构词解析：前缀pu-(=pro-,向前)+pose(放置)，字面义“向前放置”，引申为“目标、目的”； ful构成形容词。 例句：The purpose of this activity is to help students learn team spirit. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习）：He didn'tdo it by accident-he did it on_purpose)).(答 案：purpose) 9.energy/enad3in.能量；精力；能源 形容词形式：energetic(精力充沛的；充满活力的) 构词解析：后缀-y:构成名词；-tic构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 例句：Running and swimming can help you save energy for the whole day. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习)：My grandfather is over70,but he is still very_(energy).(答 案：energetic) l0.victory/'viktari/n.胜利；获胜 动词形式：wn(赢得：获胜，近义词) 形容词形式：victorious(胜利的：获胜的) 构词解析：词根vict(征服)+后缀-ory（表“行为的结果”)：-ous构成形容词。 例句：The team worked hard and finally achieved victory. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级教材例句)：We all cheered when we heard the news of their victory. 11.enemy/'enami/n.敌人；仇敌；敌军 形容词形式：envious(嫉妒的：羡慕的，注意拼写差异) 构词解析：前缀en-(使…进入)+emy(=amicus,朋友，此处为反义)，字面义“非朋友”，即 “敌人”。 同类词：friend(朋友)→friendly(友好的) 例句：The soldiers fought bravely against the enemy. 真题链接（鲁教版九年级同步练习)：In the story,.the hero finally defeated his_(enemy)and saved the village..(答案：enemies) l2.laboratory /la'bDratri/n.实验室；化验室 缩写形式：lab(口语常用) 构词解析：labor（劳动：工作)+atoy（表“场所”)，指“进行实验工作的场所”。 例句：Students often do chemistry experiments in the laboratory, 真题链接（鲁教版九年级教材例句）：Our school has a new science lab with modern facilities.. 3 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The new hospital has the latest (医疗的)equipment to help patients. 2.We should take action to protect (能源)and reduce pollution 3.The team worked day and night and finally achieved (胜利in the competition. 4.The (of the project is to improve children's reading ability. 5.Students must wear safety glasses when doing experiments in the (实验室) 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.My grandmother is 80 years old,but she still looks very(energy). 2.He didn't answer the question,so his(express)made the teacher angry. 3.We should wash hands often to (prevention)the spread of germs 4.The leader gave a_ (power)speech that encouraged everyone in the room. 5.After running 10 kilometers,Tom felt (sleep)and wanted to rest 6.The (medicine)team arrived quickly and saved the injured man. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这张照片非常贵重，它让我想起了童年。 This old photo is veryand it reminds me of my childhood. 2.她因为生病没能参加昨天的会议。 She was unable to _the meeting yesterday because of illness. 3.我们应该阻止人们砍伐树木。 We should people from cutting down trees. 4.他故意打破了窗户，想引起注意。 He broke the window on to get attention. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 4 9年级全一册鲁教版 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 A group of students visited a science museum last week.They saw many (value)inven- tions,including a robot that could(expression)emotions.The guide told them about the (important)of(prevent)environmental pollution.He also explained how solar panels turn sunlight into(energetic). During the trip,a student felt(sleep)and almost fell asleep.The teacher reminded him to stay (attention).At the end of the visit,the students discussed the (purpose)of science and decided to study harder to become (lead)in their fields. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.medical 2.energy 3.victory 4.purpose 5.laboratory Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.energetic 2.expression 3.prevent 4.powerful 5.sleepy 6.medical I.完成句子 1.valuable 2.attend 3.prevent 4.purpose V.语篇填空 1.valuable 2.express 3.importance 4.preventing 5.energy 6.sleepy 7.attentive 8.purpose 9.leaders 5