Unit 2 Transportation-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（沪外版）

8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同步精讲 【Unit2】Transportation 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 transport/'traensp3tm.;ren-速；疾驰 器 s'pt/w.运输：交通工具；运输：rubble/'rabl/n.碎石；瓦砾 lash /lae[/v.n.鞭打；抽打：睫毛 运送 spineless/'spainlas/adj.无脊椎upstream/.Ap'stri:m/ad./adv.上 rough /rAf/adj.粗糙的：粗略的；的；懦弱的 游的：向上游的；向上游 粗暴的 pave /perv/v.铺（路）：铺设 current/'kArant/adj.h.当前的： declare/dr'klea)w.宣布；声明；airfield/efi:ldn.飞机场：停机通用的：水流：电流 宣称 坪 hollow/'hol/adm.空的：中 delay/dr'le/w.n.延迟；延期：耽obtain/ab'ten/y.获得：得到；取空的：洞：凹陷处 搁 得 propel /pr3pel/v.推进；推动： reservation/,rez3'ven/h.预订；communication/k3,mju:nr'ken/m.驱使 预约：保留意见 交流；沟通：通信 extend /ik'stend/w.延长；扩展； leisurely'le3li/adj./adv.悠闲enable /r'nebl/w.使能够：使成延伸 的：从容的：悠闲地 为可能 speed/spi:dn.w.速度；速率；加device/d'vaIs/n.装置；设备；仪 词义辨析及同义替换 1.transport/'traensp:t/n.;ens'p3t/W.运输；交通工具；运输：运送 词义辨析： transport:作名词时指“交通工具”或“运输方式”，作动词时侧重“通过交通工具运送人或物”， 较为正式。 caTy:普通用词，指“用手、肩或交通工具搬运”，不强调运输的方式或距离。 同义替换： carry,deliver 例句： We need a transport to take us to the airport.( Trucks transport goods across the country.( 8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册同步练习） The company uses ships to oil to other countries. A.transport B.carry C.take (答案：A) 2.declare/dI'kles(r)/w.宣布；声明：宣称 词义辨析： declare:正式、公开地“宣布重大事件或决定”，如宣战、宣布结果等。 announce: 侧重“通知公众某事”，如宣布消息、通知时间等，语气较declare弱。 同义替换： announce,state 例句： The government declared a state of emergency. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册单元测试） The president will the new policy on TV tonight. A.declare B.announce C.speak(答案：B) 3.delay/dr'lev.m.延迟；延期；耽搁 词义辨析： delay:指“因某种原因推迟或耽误”，可作动词或名词，常用搭配delay doing sth。 postpone: 正式用词，指“将事情推迟到另一时间”，通常是主动安排的延期。 同义替换： postpone,put off 例句： Bad weather delayed the flight for two hours.( We had a delay in the train service..(名词) 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期中复习题） The meeting was_until next Monday because the manager was ill. A.delayed B.postponed C.stopped(答案：B) 4.obtain/ab'ten/w.获得；得到：取得 词义辨析： obtain:正式用词，指“通过努力、请求或计划获得某物”，强调过程的难度。 gt:普通用词，口语化，指“得到、获得”，使用范围最广，不强调方式。 同义替换： get,gain,acquire 例句： She obtained a scholarship to study abroad. 2 8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接： (沪外版八年级下册同步练习) We can knowledge from books and experience A.obtain B.get C.make (答案：A) 5. communication /k3,mju:nr'keIn/m.交流；沟通；通信 词义辨析： communication:指“人与人之间的信息交流”，包括语言、文字、信号等，不可数名词。 conversation:指“非正式的交谈、对话”，可数名词，强调双方的互动。 同义替换： interaction,dialogue 例句： Good communication is important in a team. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期末测试） Mobile phones make easier between people far away. A.communication B.conversation C.speech (答案：A) 6.enable'nebl/~.使能够：使成为可能 词义辨析： enable:侧重“给予某人能力或机会做某事”，常用搭配enable sb to do sth。 allow:指“允许某人做某事”，侧重“许可”，搭配allow sb to do sth。 同义替换： allow,empower 例句： The new technology enables us to work more efficiently. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册单元练习） This machine farmers to harvest crops faster A.enables B.allows C.lets(答案：A) 7.extend/k'stend/v.延长；扩展；延伸 词义辨析： extend:指“空间或时间的延伸”，也可指“范围、影响的扩大”。 stretch:侧重“物体的拉伸、伸展”，或“时间的延长”，但更强调弹性或长度的变化。 同义替换： stretch,expand 例句： The company plans to extend its business to other countries. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册同步练习） The government decided to the road to reduce traffic jams. A.extend B.stretch C.build (答案：A) 8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 8.speed/spi:d/n.~.速度；速率；加速；疾驰 词义辨析： speed:作名词时指“速度”，作动词时指“快速移动”或“加速”，常用搭配speed up（加速)。 rate:指“速度、比率”，侧重“单位时间内的频率或进度”，如利率、心率。 同义替换： velocity,rate 例句： The car was moving at a speed of 100km/h.（名词) He sped along the highway.(动词) 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期中测试） You must not in the school zone. A.speed B.run C.drive （答案：A) 9.current/'kArant//adj.n.当前的：通用的：水流：电流 词义辨析： current:作形容词时指“当前的、现在的”，作名词时指“水流、电流”。 present:作形容词时指“目前的、在场的”，强调“时间上的现在”或“位置上的在场”。 同义替换： current (adj.)-present,ongoing current (n.)-flow,stream 例句： (1)What is the current situation?(形容词) (2)The current is too strong to swim.(名词) 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期末复习题） The fashion is to wear loose clothes. A.current B.present C.modern(答案：A) l0.pave /perv/v.铺（路）：铺设 词义辨析： pave:指“用砖石、混凝土等铺设地面”，常用搭配pave the way for(为…铺平道路)。 cover:普通用词，指“覆盖表面”，不强调铺设的材料或方式。 同义替换： cover,lay 例句： Workers are paving the road with asphalt 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册单元练习） The new square was with marble stones. A.paved B.covered C.built (答案：A) 8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 11.declare/dr'klea(r)/w.宣布：声明：宣称 词义辨析： declare:正式宣布“官方决定或事实”，如宣战、宣布独立。 claim:指“声称、断言”，不一定有证据支持。 同义替换： assert,announce 例句： He declared that he would run for president. 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册同步测试） The suspect that he was innocent. A.declared B.claimed C.said(答案：B) l2.reservation/,reza'veIm/n.预订：预约：保留意见 词义辨析： reservation:指“预先订位、订票”或“保留的意见”，常用搭配make a reservation。 booking:口语化用词，指“预订”，与reservation可互换，但reservation更正式。 同义替换： booking,appointment 例句： I made a reservation for two at the restaurant 真题链接：（沪外版八年级下册期中练习） You need to make a before staying in the hotel. A.reservation B.booking C.call (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The company plans to its business to Asian markets next year. A.extend B.stretch C.build 2.Modern technology has greatly improved between people around the world. A.communication B.conversation 5 8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.speech 3.You must show your ID card to a ticket for the concert. A.obtain B.get C.make 4.The sports meeting was because of the heavy rain last Friday. A.delayed B.postponed C.stopped 5.This new software can users to edit videos more easily on their phones. A.enable B.allow C.let 6.The situation requires us to take immediate action to solve the problem. A.current B.present C.modern 7.Ships are often used to large quantities of goods across the ocean A.transport B.carry C.take 8.The government will the new environmental policy in the next press conference. A.declare B.announce C.speak 二、 根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The workers are busy p_ the street with bricks to make it smoother. 2.We need to make ar before checking into the hotel during peak season. 3.The strong cin the river made it dangerous for swimmers to cross 4.Good c is the key to maintaining a healthy relationship with others 5.The flight was d for three hours due to the thick fog at the airport. 6.She finally managed to o a visa to study in France after months of preparation. 6 8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The new bridge will (enable)people to travel between the two cities in 30 minutes. 2.They decided to (postpone)the meeting until next Friday because many members were absent 3.The (communicate)between the two teams broke down,leading to a misunderstanding. 4.He (declare)his love for her in front of all their friends at the party last night 5.We should pay attention to the (current)trends in education to improve our teaching meth- ods. 四、完成句子 1.互联网为我们获取信息提供了极大的便利。 The Internet to information easily 2.恶劣天气导致火车延误了两个小时。 Bad weather the train two hours 3.这条新修的公路将把城市和乡村连接起来。 The newly-built road will the city the countryside. 4.政府正努力为年轻人创造更多就业机会。 The government is trying tomore job opportunities young people 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Mobile phones have changed the way we live.They not only help us stay in touch with others but also (enable/allow)us to (obtain/get)information anytime and anywhere.For example, if you want to travel,you can make a(reservation/booking)for a hotel or a flight with just a few taps on the screen. However,excessive use of mobile phones can cause problems.Some people spend too much time on their phones,which(delays/postpones)their work or study.To solve this,we need to learn to (communicate/conversation)face to face more often and use phones wisely.As the saying goes,technology should (pave/cover)the way for a better life,not control it. 参考答案 > 8年级下册沪外版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4B5.A6.A7.A8B Ⅱ根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.pave 2.reservation 3.current 4.communication 5.delayed 6.obtain I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.enable 2.postpone 3.communication 4.declared 5.current V.完成句子 1.enables us;obtain 2.delayed;for 3.extend;to 4.create;for V语篇填空 1.enable 2.obtain 3.reservation 4.delays 5.communicate 6.pave 8