内容正文:
北师大版英语八上Unit4语法讲解及习题
反身代词、动词+V-ing、used to
一、反身代词(Reflexive pronouns)
(一)核心含义
反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者本身,即“自己”,强调动作反射到主语身上。
(二)形式与对应关系
人称
单数形式
复数形式
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself, herself, itself
themselves
(三)常见用法与例句
1. 作动词或介词的宾语:当主语和宾语是同一个人/物时使用。
Who would be so crazy to cross on the chains alone and put themselves in great danger?(谁会疯狂到独自在铁链上穿行,让自己置身于巨大的危险之中?)
One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped forward to offer themselves.(红军战士们一个接一个地站出来,主动请缨。)
I would get myself a coffee.(我要给自己倒杯咖啡。)
2. 用于固定搭配:
enjoy oneself(玩得开心):We enjoyed ourselves at the party.(我们在派对上玩得很开心。)
help oneself to(随便吃/用):Help yourself to some fruit.(随便吃点水果。)
by oneself(独自):She finished the work by herself.(她独自完成了这项工作。)
二、动词 + V-ing 结构
(一)核心含义
某些动词后只能接动名词(V-ing)作宾语,表示“喜欢、介意、完成、练习、避免”等含义。
(二)常见动词与例句
动词
含义
例句
enjoy
喜欢
I enjoy reading books in my free time.(我喜欢在空闲时间读书。)
finish
完成
Have you finished doing your homework?(你做完作业了吗?)
practice
练习
She practices playing the piano every day.(她每天练习弹钢琴。)
mind
介意
Do you mind opening the window?(你介意打开窗户吗?)
avoid
避免
You should avoid making the same mistake again.(你应该避免再犯同样的错误。)
suggest
建议
He suggested going for a walk after dinner.(他建议晚饭后去散步。)
三、used to 结构
(一)核心含义
used to 表示过去常常做某事,但现在不再做了,强调过去的习惯或状态与现在的对比。
(二)结构公式
肯定句:主语 + used to + 动词原形
否定句:主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形 / 主语 + usedn’t to + 动词原形
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
(三)例句
Osei Boateng used to watch people in his community struggle to get basic healthcare.(奥塞·博阿滕过去常常看到他社区里的人们为获得基本医疗保健而苦苦挣扎。)
Boateng used to take friends to faraway communities in Ghana.(博阿滕过去常常带朋友去加纳偏远的社区。)
I used to play football, but now I prefer basketball.(我过去常常踢足球,但现在我更喜欢篮球。)
Did you use to live in the countryside?(你过去住在乡下吗?)
四、综合练习题
(一)单项选择(10题)
1. I taught ___________to play the guitar when I was a child.
A. me B. myself C. mine D. my
2. She enjoyed ___________at the concert last night.
A. her B. herself C. hers D. she
3. Do you mind ___________the door for me?
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
4. He used to ___________in a small town, but now he lives in a big city.
A. live B. living C. lived D. lives
5. They finished ___________the project yesterday.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
6. Who would be so crazy to put ___________in great danger?
A. them B. themselves C. their D. theirs
7. I used to ___________a lot of coffee, but now I drink tea.
A. drink B. drinking C. drank D. drinks
8. She practices ___________English every morning.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke
9. Did you use to ___________to school by bike?
A. go B. going C. went D. gone
10. Help ___________to some fish, children.
A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. yours
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空(10题)
1. I taught ___________(I) to swim when I was 10.
2. She enjoyed ___________(she) at the party.
3. Do you mind ___________(close) the window?
4. He used to ___________(play) the piano, but now he plays the guitar.
5. They finished ___________(build) the house last year.
6. Who would put ___________(they) in such a dangerous situation?
7. I used to ___________(live) in Beijing, but now I live in Shanghai.
8. She practices ___________(dance) every day.
9. Did you use to ___________(watch) TV a lot?
10. Help ___________(you) to some fruit.
(三)句型转换(6题)
1. I used to play football.(改为否定句)
I _________________ to play football.
2. She used to live in London.(改为一般疑问句)
______ she ___________to live in London?
3. He enjoys reading books.(对划线部分提问)
What ___________he enjoy ______?
4. They finished doing their homework.(改为一般疑问句)
______ they finish ___________their homework?
5. I taught myself to play the piano.(改为同义句)
I learned to play the piano _________________.
6. She used to be a teacher.(对划线部分提问)
What ___________she ___________to be?
(四)完成句子(7题)
1. 我过去常常早起,但现在我起得很晚。
I _________________ get up early, but now I get up late.
2. 她喜欢在周末听音乐。
She enjoys ___________to music on weekends.
3. 谁会把自己置于如此危险的境地?
Who would put ___________in such a dangerous situation?
4. 你介意帮我一下吗?
Do you mind ___________me a hand?
5. 他们去年完成了建造这座桥的工作。
They finished ___________the bridge last year.
6. 我自学了如何弹吉他。
I taught ___________to play the guitar.
7. 你过去常常骑自行车上学吗?
______ you ___________to go to school by bike?
五、参考答案及解析
(一)单项选择(10题)
1. B。teach oneself 表示“自学”,用反身代词。
2. B。enjoy oneself 表示“玩得开心”,用反身代词。
3. C。mind 后接动名词作宾语。
4. A。used to 后接动词原形。
5. C。finish 后接动名词作宾语。
6. B。put oneself in danger 表示“把自己置于危险之中”,用反身代词。
7. A。used to 后接动词原形。
8. C。practice 后接动名词作宾语。
9. A。used to 的一般疑问句用 Did...use to...?
10. C。help yourselves to 表示“随便吃/用”,children 是复数,用 yourselves。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空(10题)
1. myself。teach oneself 表示“自学”。
2. herself。enjoy oneself 表示“玩得开心”。
3. closing。mind 后接动名词作宾语。
4. play。used to 后接动词原形。
5. building。finish 后接动名词作宾语。
6. themselves。put oneself in danger 表示“把自己置于危险之中”。
7. live。used to 后接动词原形。
8. dancing。practice 后接动名词作宾语。
9. watch。used to 后接动词原形。
10. yourself/yourselves。help oneself to 表示“随便吃/用”。
(三)句型转换(6题)
1. didn’t use。used to 的否定句用 didn’t use to...。
2. Did; use。used to 的一般疑问句用 Did...use to...?
3. does; doing。enjoy 后接动名词作宾语,对动作提问用 what。
4. Did; doing。finish 后接动名词作宾语,一般疑问句用 Did...finish doing...?
5. by myself。teach oneself = learn...by oneself。
6. did; use。used to 的特殊疑问句用 What did...use to be?
(四)完成句子(7题)
1. used to。used to 表示“过去常常”。
2. listening。enjoy 后接动名词作宾语。
3. themselves。put oneself in danger 表示“把自己置于危险之中”。
4. giving。mind 后接动名词作宾语。
5. building。finish 后接动名词作宾语。
6. myself。teach oneself 表示“自学”。
7. Did; use。used to 的一般疑问句用 Did...use to...?
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