Unit 1 语法讲解及习题：形容词_副词比较级、最高级及“The more..., the more...”结构 讲义 2025-2026学年北师大版英语八年级上册

北师大版英语八上Unit1语法讲解及习题 形容词/副词比较级、最高级及“The more..., the more...”结构 一、形容词/副词比较级(Comparative adjectives/adverbs) (一)核心含义与功能 比较级用于两者之间的对比,表达“一方比另一方更……”,也可表示“逐渐变化”或“程度相当”。 (二)构成规则 类型 规则 例词 单音节词 词尾 + -er tall taller, fast faster 以 -e 结尾 词尾 + -r nice nicer, late later 重读闭音节(辅元辅) 双写尾字母 + -er big bigger, hot hotter 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i + -er happy happier, busy busier 多音节/部分双音节词 more + 原级 popular more popular, carefully more carefully 不规则变化 特殊记忆 good/well better; bad/badly worse; many/much more; little less; far farther/further (三)常见结构与例句 1. A + 比较级 + than + B:表示“A比B更……” There were fewer events than in the present-day Olympics.(项目比现在的奥运会少) He runs faster than his brother.(他比他弟弟跑得快) 2. 比较级 + and + 比较级:表示“越来越……” Ever since then, the competition has become more and more popular.(从那以后,这项比赛越来越受欢迎) The weather is getting colder and colder.(天气变得越来越冷) 3. as + 原级 + as:表示“和……一样” The first modern Olympic Games were not as big as the Olympics today.(第一届现代奥运会不如现在的奥运会规模大) She is as tall as her mother.(她和她妈妈一样高) 4. not as/so + 原级 + as:表示“不如……” This movie is not as interesting as that one.(这部电影不如那部有趣) He is not so strong as he used to be.(他不如以前强壮了) 二、“The more..., the more...” 结构 (一)核心含义 表示两个变化之间的正相关关系,即“越……,就越……”。 (二)结构公式 The + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语, the + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语 (三)例句与解析 The more you practise, the better you will become.(你练习得越多,就会变得越好) 解析:前半句“the more you practise”是条件,后半句“the better you will become”是结果,两者呈正相关。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.(你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大) The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain.(你读的书越多,获得的知识就越多) 三、形容词/副词最高级(Superlative adjectives/adverbs) (一)核心含义与功能 最高级用于三者或三者以上的对比,表达“在某一范围内最……”。 (二)构成规则 类型 规则 例词 单音节词 词尾 + -est tall tallest, fast fastest 以 -e 结尾 词尾 + -st nice nicest, late latest 重读闭音节(辅元辅) 双写尾字母 + -est big biggest, hot hottest 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i + -est happy happiest, busy busiest 多音节/部分双音节词 most + 原级 popular most popular, carefully most carefully 不规则变化 特殊记忆 good/well best; bad/badly worst; many/much most; little least; far farthest/furthest (三)常见结构与例句 1. the + 最高级 + 比较范围(in/of...):表示“在……中最……” Lang Ping trained the hardest in the volleyball team.(郎平在排球队里训练最刻苦) This is the tallest building in the city.(这是这座城市里最高的建筑) 2. one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词:表示“最……之一” She became one of the most respected sports heroes in China.(她成为中国最受尊敬的体育英雄之一) He is one of the cleverest students in his class.(他是班里最聪明的学生之一) 3. the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 单数名词:表示“第几最……” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(黄河是中国第二长河) 四、综合练习题 (一)单项选择(10题) 1. This year, our school has _ students than last year. A. many B. more C. most D. the most 2. The _ you read, the _ you will understand the world. A. more; better B. most; best C. more; best D. most; better 3. Lang Ping is one of _ volleyball coaches in the world. A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous 4. My brother runs _ than me, but I jump _. A. faster; higher B. fast; high C. fastest; highest D. more fast; more high 5. This movie is not _ interesting _ that one. A. as; so B. so; as C. as; than D. so; than 6. The weather is getting _ these days. A. cold and cold B. colder and colder C. coldest and coldest D. more cold and more cold 7. Which sport do you like _, football, basketball or swimming? A. well B. better C. best D. the best 8. The _ you practice, the _ mistakes you will make. A. more; fewer B. most; fewest C. more; less D. most; least 9. This room is _ than that one. A. much brighter B. more brighter C. brightest D. the brightest 10. He is _ than any other student in his class. A. clever B. cleverer C. more clever D. the cleverest (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(10题) 1. The more you practise, the _ (good) you will become at sports. 2. Lang Ping is one of the _ (famous) volleyball players in China. 3. This year, the number of students in our class is _ (large) than last year. 4. The _ (hard) you work, the _ (great) progress you will make. 5. He runs _ (fast) than any other boy in his school. 6. This movie is not as _ (exciting) as that one. 7. The weather is getting _ and _ (warm) in spring. 8. She is the _ (careful) student in our class. 9. The more you read, the _ (much) you will know. 10. This is the _ (interesting) story I have ever heard. (三)句型转换(6题) 1. I think this book is more interesting than that one.(改为同义句) I think that book is _ _ _ this one. 2. He is taller than any other student in his class.(改为同义句) He is _ _ student in his class. 3. The girl dances beautifully.(用“the more..., the more...”改写句子) The more she practices, _ _ she dances. 4. This problem is not as easy as that one.(改为同义句) This problem is _ _ that one. 5. Lang Ping trained the hardest in the volleyball team.(对划线部分提问) _ _ Lang Ping train in the volleyball team? 6. The competition has become more and more popular.(对划线部分提问) _ _ the competition become? (四)完成句子(5题) 1. 你练习得越多,英语说得就越好。 The _ you practise, the _ you speak English. 2. 郎平是中国最受尊敬的体育英雄之一。 Lang Ping is one of _ _ _ sports heroes in China. 3. 这个问题比那个问题难得多。 This problem is _ _ _ than that one. 4. 天气变得越来越冷了。 The weather is getting _ and _. 5. 他比班里其他任何学生都聪明。 He is _ than _ _ student in his class. (五)同义句改写(2题) 1. The first modern Olympic Games were not as big as the Olympics today.(改为同义句) The Olympics today are _ _ the first modern Olympic Games. 2. She is the most popular student in our class.(改为同义句) She is _ popular than _ _ student in our class. 五、参考答案及解析 (一)单项选择(10题) 1. B。than 是比较级的标志词,many 的比较级是 more。 2. A。“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 3. D。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……之一”。 4. A。than 是比较级的标志词,fast 和 high 的比较级分别是 faster 和 higher。 5. B。“not as/so + 原级 + as”表示“不如……”。 6. B。“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”。 7. C。三者之间比较用最高级,like best 表示“最喜欢”。 8. A。“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”;mistakes 是可数名词复数,用 fewer 修饰。 9. A。much 可以修饰比较级,表示“……得多”。 10. B。“than any other + 单数名词”表示“比其他任何一个都……”,用比较级。 (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(10题) 1. better。“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 2. most famous。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……之一”。 3. larger。than 是比较级的标志词。 4. harder; greater。“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 5. faster。than 是比较级的标志词。 6. exciting。“as + 原级 + as”表示“和……一样”。 7. warmer; warmer。“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”。 8. most careful。“in our class”表示范围,用最高级。 9. more。“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 10. most interesting。“I have ever heard”表示范围,用最高级。 (三)句型转换(6题) 1. less interesting than。“more...than...”的反义表达。 2. the tallest。“than any other + 单数名词” = “the + 最高级 + 单数名词”。 3. the more beautifully。“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 4. more difficult than。“not as easy as” = “more difficult than”。 5. How did。对方式状语“the hardest”提问用 how,句子为一般过去时,用 did。 6. How has。对表语“more and more popular”提问用 how,句子为现在完成时,用 has。 (四)完成句子(5题) 1. more; better。“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 2. the most respected。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……之一”。 3. much more difficult。much 可以修饰比较级,表示“……得多”。 4. colder; colder。“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”。 5. cleverer; any other。“than any other + 单数名词”表示“比其他任何一个都……”。 (五)同义句改写(2题) 1. bigger than。“not as big as” = “bigger than”。 2. more; any other。“the most popular” = “more popular than any other”。 ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $