Unit 1 单词表教师词汇备课 2025-2026学年鲁教版（五四学制）英语七年级下册

鲁教五四制七年级下册 Unit 1 单词表 教师备课材料 人物描述 性格与外貌(Personality & Appearance) 1. shy / a / 词性:adj. 词义:害羞的,腼腆的 近义词:timid;反义词:outgoing, bold 词性转换:shyly (adv.) shyness (n.) 固定搭配: shy of (害怕/回避) once bitten, twice shy (一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳) 例句:The shy girl hid behind her mother.(那个害羞的女孩躲在妈妈身后。) 练习题: ① She smiled _ (shy) at the camera. ② His _ (shy) makes it hard for him to make friends. 答案:① shyly ② shyness 解析:第1题修饰动词smile用副词;第2题物主代词后加名词。 2. lazy / le zi/ 词性:adj. 词义:懒惰的;悠闲的 近义词:idle;反义词:hardworking, diligent 词性转换:lazily (adv.) laziness (n.) 固定搭配: lazy afternoon 慵懒的下午 例句:He is too lazy to do his homework.(他太懒了,不做作业。) 练习题: ① The cat lay _ (lazy) in the sun. ② _ (lazy) is the enemy of success. 答案:① lazily ② Laziness 解析:第1题修饰动词lay用副词;第2题作主语用名词。 3. outgoing / a t / 词性:adj. 词义:外向的;即将离任的 构词:out(向外)+ going(去) 近义词:sociable, extroverted;反义词:shy, introverted 词性转换:outgoingness (n. 外向) 固定搭配: outgoing personality 外向的性格 outgoing president 即将离任的总统 例句:My sister is outgoing and loves parties.(我姐姐性格外向,喜欢派对。) 练习题: ① She is more _ (outgoing) than her brother. ② His _ (outgoing) makes him popular. 答案:① outgoing ② outgoingness 解析:第1题more后加形容词原级;第2题物主代词后加名词。 4. hardworking / h d w k / 词性:adj. 词义:勤奋的 近义词:diligent;反义词:lazy 词性转换:work hard (v. 努力工作) 固定搭配: a hardworking student 勤奋的学生 例句:Hardworking people are more likely to succeed.(勤奋的人更可能成功。) 练习题: ① He is a _ (hardworking) student than his brother. ② He always _ (work hard) at school. 答案:① more hardworking ② works hard 解析:第1题比较级用more;第2题谓语动词短语。 5. serious / s ri s/ 词性:adj. 词义:严肃的;严重的;认真的 近义词:earnest, severe;反义词:casual, lighthearted 词性转换:seriously (adv.) seriousness (n.) 固定搭配: take...seriously 认真对待 serious about 对……认真 例句:He has a serious expression on his face.(他表情严肃。) 练习题: ① You should take your health more _ (serious). ② I’m _ (serious) about learning English. 答案:① seriously ② serious 解析:第1题修饰动词take用副词;第2题be serious about固定搭配。 6. slim /sl m/ 词性:adj./v. 词义:苗条的;微薄的;减肥 近义词:slender, thin;反义词:fat, plump 词性转换:slimness (n.) slimming (n. 减肥) 固定搭配: slim chance 机会渺茫 slim down 变苗条 例句:She tries to keep slim by exercising.(她通过运动保持苗条。) 练习题: ① He has a _ (slim) chance of winning. ② She is _ (slim) than her sister. 答案:① slim ② slimmer 解析:第1题形容词修饰chance;第2题比较级。 7. appearance / p r ns/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:外貌;出现;出场 近义词:look;反义词:disappearance 词性转换:appear (v.) disappear (v. 消失) 固定搭配: judge by appearance 以貌取人 make an appearance 露面 例句:Don’t judge a person by his appearance.(不要以貌取人。) 练习题: ① He suddenly _ (appearance) at the party. ② His _ (appear) surprised everyone. 答案:① appeared ② appearance 解析:第1题缺谓语动词;第2题物主代词后加名词。 8. personality / p s n l ti/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:性格;个性;名人 近义词:character 词性转换:personal (adj. 个人的) personally (adv.) 固定搭配: strong personality 个性强 personality trait 性格特征 例句:They have very different personalities.(他们性格迥异。) 练习题: ① This is my _ (person) opinion. ② _ (person), I agree with you. 答案:① personal ② Personally 解析:第1题形容词修饰opinion;第2题副词修饰全句。 9. strength /stre / 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:力量;优点;体力 近义词:power, advantage;反义词:weakness 词性转换:strong (adj.) strengthen (v. 加强) 固定搭配: build up strength 增强体力 strengths and weaknesses 优缺点 例句:Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses.(人人都有优缺点。) 练习题: ① He is _ (strength) enough to lift the box. ② Regular exercise will _ (strength) your body. 答案:① strong ② strengthen 解析:第1题be+形容词;第2题will+动词原形。 10. honest / n st/ 词性:adj. 词义:诚实的;坦诚的 近义词:truthful;反义词:dishonest 词性转换:honestly (adv.) honesty (n.) 固定搭配: to be honest 说实话 be honest with 对……坦诚 例句:To be honest, I don’t like the movie.(说实话,我不喜欢这部电影。) 练习题: ① _ (honest) is the best policy. ② He answered the question _ (honest). 答案:① Honesty ② honestly 解析:第1题作主语用名词;第2题修饰动词用副词。 11. straightforward / stre t f w d/ 词性:adj. 词义:直率的;简单的 构词:straight(直的)+ forward(向前) 近义词:direct, frank;反义词:devious, complicated 词性转换:straightforwardly (adv.) 固定搭配: straightforward answer 直截了当的回答 例句:He gave me a straightforward answer.(他给了我一个直截了当的回答。) 练习题: ① She spoke _ (straightforward) about her feelings. ② The instructions are _ (straightforward) enough. 答案:① straightforwardly ② straightforward 解析:第1题修饰动词用副词;第2题be+形容词。 12. direct /d rekt/ 词性:adj./v. 词义:直接的;直率的;指导 近义词:straightforward;反义词:indirect 词性转换:direction (n.) directly (adv.) director (n.) 固定搭配: direct speech 直接引语 direct object 直接宾语 例句:Please give me a direct answer.(请直接回答我。) 练习题: ① He looked _ (direct) at me. ② Thank you for your _ (direct). 答案:① directly ② direction 解析:第1题修饰动词look用副词;第2题物主代词后加名词。 13. alike / la k/ 词性:adj./adv. 词义:相似的;同样地 近义词:similar;反义词:different, unlike 用法:常作表语,不放在名词前 固定搭配: look alike 看起来像 treat everyone alike 一视同仁 例句:The twins look very much alike.(这对双胞胎长得很像。) 练习题: ① The two sisters dress _ (alike). ② They are _ (alike) in many ways. 答案:① alike ② alike 解析:第1题副词修饰dress;第2题形容词作表语。 14. mirror / m r (r)/ 词性:n./v. 词义:镜子;反映 近义词:reflect (v.) 固定搭配: Rear-view mirror 后视镜 mirror image 镜像 例句:She looked at herself in the mirror.(她照了照镜子。) 练习题: ① The calm water _ (mirror) the blue sky. ② Look in the _ (mirror) and smile. 答案:① mirrored ② mirror 解析:第1题缺谓语动词,用过去式;第2题介词后加名词。 15. interest / ntr st/ 词性:n./v. 词义:兴趣;利息;使感兴趣 近义词:hobby (n.), fascinate (v.) 词性转换:interested (adj.) interesting (adj.) 固定搭配: take interest in 对……感兴趣 places of interest 名胜古迹 例句:He has a great interest in music.(他对音乐很有兴趣。) 练习题: ① This movie is very _ (interest). ② I am _ (interest) in history. 答案:① interesting ② interested 解析:第1题修饰物用ing;第2题修饰人用ed。 16. sense /sens/ 词性:n./v. 词义:感觉;感官;意识到 近义词:feeling (n.), perceive (v.) 词性转换:sensible (adj. 明智的) sensitive (adj. 敏感的) 固定搭配: sense of humour 幽默感 make sense 讲得通 例句:Dogs have a strong sense of smell.(狗的嗅觉很灵敏。) 练习题: ① It doesn’t make _ (sensible) to me. ② He is a _ (sense) man. 答案:① sense ② sensible 解析:第1题make sense固定短语;第2题修饰人用sensible。 17. humour / hju m (r)/(美式拼写:humor) 词性:n. 词义:幽默 词性转换:humorous (adj.) humorously (adv.) 固定搭配: sense of humour 幽默感 例句:His humour makes everyone laugh.(他的幽默让大家都笑了。) 练习题: ① He is a _ (humour) person. ② She told the story _ (humour). 答案:① humorous ② humorously 解析:第1题修饰人用形容词;第2题修饰动词用副词。 18. opinion / p nj n/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:意见,看法 近义词:view, point of view 固定搭配: in one’s opinion 依某人看 have a high/low opinion of 对……评价高/低 例句:In my opinion, we should go now.(依我看,我们现在该走了。) 练习题: ① _ my opinion, this is a good idea. ② He has a high _ (opinion) of his teacher. 答案:① In ② opinion 解析:第1题固定短语;第2题a high后加名词单数。 19. less /les/ 词性:adj./adv.(little的比较级) 词义:更少的;较少地 反义词:more 词性转换:least (最高级) 固定搭配: less than 少于 more or less 或多或少 例句:He spends less time on games now.(他现在花在游戏上的时间少了。) 练习题: ① She eats _ (little) than her brother. ② It’s the _ (little) I can do for you. 答案:① less ② least 解析:第1题比较级;第2题最高级。 20. difference / d fr ns/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:差异;分歧 近义词:distinction;反义词:similarity 词性转换:different (adj.) differently (adv.) 固定搭配: make a difference 有影响 tell the difference 分辨差异 例句:There are many differences between the two cultures.(两种文化之间有很多差异。) 练习题: ① They are _ (difference) from each other. ② He thinks _ (difference) from me. 答案:① different ② differently 解析:第1题be+形容词;第2题修饰动词用副词。 21. similarity / s m l r ti/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:相似性 近义词:resemblance;反义词:difference 词性转换:similar (adj.) similarly (adv.) 固定搭配: bear a similarity to 与……有相似之处 例句:There is a strong similarity between the two paintings.(这两幅画非常相似。) 练习题: ① Your dress is _ (similar) to mine. ② _ (similar), he also enjoys reading. 答案:① similar ② Similarly 解析:第1题be+形容词;第2题副词修饰全句。 22. friendship / frend p/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:友谊 构词:friend(朋友)+ ship(抽象名词后缀) 近义词:companionship 固定搭配: build a friendship 建立友谊 lasting friendship 持久的友谊 例句:True friendship is more valuable than money.(真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。) 练习题: ① They have been _ (friend) for ten years. ② The two countries have a long _ (friend). 答案:① friends ② friendship 解析:第1题表语用复数名词;第2题a long后加名词。 二、动词 动作与感知 23. compare /k m pe (r)/ 词性:v. 词义:比较;比喻 近义词:contrast, liken 词性转换:comparison (n.) comparative (adj.) 固定搭配: compare A with B 把A和B比较 compare A to B 把A比作B 例句:Don’t compare yourself with others.(不要拿自己和别人比较。) 练习题: ① _ (compare) with her sister, she is more outgoing. ② It’s difficult to make a _ (compare) between them. 答案:① Compared ② comparison 解析:第1题过去分词作状语;第2题make a + 名词。 24. perform /p f m/ 词性:v. 词义:表演;执行;表现 近义词:act, execute 词性转换:performance (n.) performer (n.) 固定搭配: perform well/badly 表现好/差 perform a role 扮演角色 例句:He will perform magic tricks at the party.(他将在派对上表演魔术。) 练习题: ① His _ (perform) was very successful. ② She is a talented _ (perform). 答案:① performance ② performer 解析:第1题物主代词后加名词;第2题职业名词。 25. solve /s lv/ 词性:v. 词义:解决;解答 近义词:resolve, figure out 词性转换:solution (n.) solvable (adj.) 固定搭配: solve a problem 解决问题 solve a mystery 破解谜团 例句:We need to solve this problem quickly.(我们需要快速解决这个问题。) 练习题: ① Have you found the _ (solve) to the problem? ② This puzzle is not easily _ (solve). 答案:① solution ② solved 解析:第1题定冠词后加名词;第2题被动语态。 26. attend / tend/ 词性:v. 词义:出席;参加;照料 近义词:participate in, be present 反义词:miss 词性转换:attendance (n.) attendant (n. 服务员) 固定搭配: attend school 上学 attend to 处理;照顾 例句:All students must attend the meeting.(所有学生必须参加会议。) 练习题: ① Your _ (attend) is required tomorrow. ② Please attend _ what I say.(填介词) 答案:① attendance ② to 解析:第1题物主代词后加名词;第2题attend to固定搭配。 27. exchange / ks t e nd / 词性:v./n. 词义:交换;交流 近义词:swap, trade 固定搭配: exchange student 交换生 in exchange for 作为交换 例句:They exchanged gifts at Christmas.(他们在圣诞节交换了礼物。) 练习题: ① She gave me a book in exchange _ a pen. ② Cultural _ (exchange) help people understand each other. 答案:① for ② exchanges 解析:第1题固定搭配;第2题复数形式。 28. expect / k spekt/ 词性:v. 词义:期望;预料 近义词:anticipate 词性转换:expectation (n.) unexpected (adj. 意外的) 固定搭配: expect to do 期望做 as expected 如预料的那样 例句:I didn’t expect to see you here.(我没想到在这儿见到你。) 练习题: ① His parents have high _ (expect) for him. ② The result was _ (expect) —we lost. 答案:① expectations ② expected 解析:第1题high后加复数名词;第2题被动语态。 29. reach /ri t / 词性:v./n. 词义:到达;伸手够到;联系 近义词:arrive at, contact 固定搭配: reach out 伸出援手 out of reach 够不着 例句:We finally reached the top of the mountain.(我们终于到达了山顶。) 练习题: ① The book is out of my _ (reach). ② He _ (reach) Beijing yesterday. 答案:① reach ② reached 解析:第1题介词后加名词;第2题yesterday用过去时。 30. touch /t t / 词性:v./n. 词义:触摸;感动;联系 近义词:feel, move (v.) 词性转换:touching (adj. 感人的) 固定搭配: keep in touch 保持联系 lose touch 失去联系 例句:Don’t touch the paintings in the museum.(不要触摸博物馆的画作。) 练习题: ① His story _ (touch) me deeply. ② We still keep in _ (touch) with each other. 答案:① touched ② touch 解析:第1题缺谓语动词用过去式;第2题keep in touch固定短语。 三、名词 物品、奖项与人物(Objects, Awards & People) 31. flute /flu t/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:长笛 词性转换:flutist (n. 长笛手) 固定搭配: play the flute 吹长笛 例句:She plays the flute beautifully.(她长笛吹得很美。) 练习题: ① He is learning to play _ flute. ② She is a famous _ (flute) player. 答案:① the ② flute 解析:第1题乐器前加the;第2题名词作定语。 32. congratulation /k n r t u le n/ 词性:n. [常pl.] 词义:祝贺 词性转换:congratulate (v.) 固定搭配: congratulations to sb 祝贺某人 congratulations on sth 祝贺某事 例句:Congratulations on your success!(祝贺你成功!) 练习题: ① I _ (congratulation) you on your prize. ② Please give him my _ (congratulate). 答案:① congratulate ② congratulations 解析:第1题缺谓语动词;第2题my后加名词复数。 33. prize /pra z/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:奖,奖品 近义词:award, reward 固定搭配: win first prize 得一等奖 prize winner 获奖者 例句:He won the Nobel Prize for peace.(他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。) 练习题: ① She _ (prize) the gold medal last year. ② The _ (prize) looked very happy. 答案:① won ② prizewinner/winner 解析:第1题缺谓语动词;第2题定冠词后加名词人。 34. fact /f kt/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:事实 近义词:truth;反义词:fiction 固定搭配: in fact 事实上 as a matter of fact 实际上 例句:In fact, I have never been there before.(事实上,我从没去过那儿。) 练习题: ① _ fact, he is only 12 years old. ② It’s a _ (fact) that the earth is round. 答案:① In ② fact 解析:第1题固定短语;第2题a后加名词单数。 35. population / p pju le n/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:人口 词性转换:populate (v. 居住于) 固定搭配: have a population of 有……人口 例句:What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?) 练习题: ① The city has a _ (populate) of one million. ② This area is densely _ (population). 答案:① population ② populated 解析:第1题a后加名词;第2题被动语态。 36. rainfall / re nf l/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:降雨量 构词:rain(雨)+ fall(降落) 固定搭配: heavy rainfall 强降雨 例句:The average rainfall here is 800mm per year.(这里的年均降雨量是800毫米。) 练习题: ① The _ (rain) here is very heavy in summer. ② _ (rainfall) in this area has increased. 答案:① rainfall ② Rainfall 解析:第1题the后加名词;第2题作主语。 37. metre / mi t (r)/(美式:meter) 词性:n. [C] 词义:米 固定搭配: square metre 平方米 per metre 每米 例句:The room is five metres long.(这个房间五米长。) 练习题: ① He is 1.8 _ (metre) tall. ② The _ (meter) reading shows we used more gas. 答案:① metres ② meter 解析:第1题数词后加复数;第2题名词作定语。 38. prince /pr ns/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:王子 反义词:princess(公主) 固定搭配: Prince Charming 白马王子 例句:The prince fell in love with the pauper.(王子爱上了贫儿。) 练习题: ① The _ (prince) lived in a big castle. ② She married a _ (prince) at last. 答案:① prince ② prince 解析:两题均考查名词单复数,根据语境决定。 39. pauper / p p (r)/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:贫民,乞丐 近义词:beggar;反义词:rich man 固定搭配: prince and pauper 王子与贫儿 例句:The pauper had no money to buy food.(贫民没钱买食物。) 练习题: ① The story is about a _ (pauper) who became rich. ② _ (pauper) in this country still suffer. 答案:① pauper ② Paupers 解析:第1题a后加单数;第2题泛指复数。 40. character / k r kt (r)/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:性格;角色;汉字 近义词:personality, role 词性转换:characteristic (adj. 典型的) 固定搭配: main character 主角 in character 符合性格 例句:He is the main character in the novel.(他是这部小说的主角。) 练习题: ① She has a strong _ (character). ② The _ (character) in this movie are very real. 答案:① character ② characters 解析:第1题不可数“性格”;第2题复数“角色”。 41. novel / n vl/ 词性:n. [C];adj. 新颖的 词义:小说 近义词:fiction (n.) 词性转换:novelist (n. 小说家) 固定搭配: write a novel 写小说 例句:This novel is based on a true story.(这本小说基于真实故事。) 练习题: ① He is a famous _ (novel). ② This is a _ (novel) idea. 答案:① novelist ② novel 解析:第1题职业名词;第2题形容词修饰idea。 42. situation / s t u e n/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:情况,处境 近义词:condition, circumstance 固定搭配: in a difficult situation 处境困难 例句:We need to improve the situation.(我们需要改善这一局面。) 练习题: ① He is in a dangerous _ (situate). ② The _ (situation) is getting better. 答案:① situation ② situation 解析:两题均考查名词形式。 四、介词 数量与频率(Prepositions & Quantifiers) 43. besides /b sa dz/ 词性:prep./adv. 词义:除……之外(还有) 辨析:except 不包括,besides 包括 固定搭配: besides that 除此之外 例句:Besides English, he also speaks French.(除了英语,他还会说法语。) 练习题: ① _ (beside) playing the piano, she can also sing. ② I like all fruits _ (除了) bananas.(填介词) 答案:① Besides ② except 解析:第1题“包括”;第2题“不包括”。 44. spare /spe (r)/ 词性:adj./v. 词义:空闲的;备用的;抽出(时间) 近义词:free, extra 固定搭配: spare time 空闲时间 spare key 备用钥匙 例句:What do you do in your spare time?(你空闲时间做什么?) 练习题: ① Can you _ (spare) me a few minutes? ② I have a _ (spare) tire in the car. 答案:① spare ② spare 解析:第1题动词;第2题形容词。 45. per /p (r)/ 词性:prep. 词义:每,每一 近义词:every, each 固定搭配: per day 每天 per cent 百分之…… 例句:The car runs 50 kilometres per hour.(这车每小时行驶50公里。) 练习题: ① The apples cost $2 _ kilogram. ② Sixty _ cent of students passed the exam. 答案:① per ② per 解析:两题均为介词固定用法。 46. average / v r d / 词性:n./adj. 词义:平均;平均水平 固定搭配: on average 平均 above/below average 高于/低于平均水平 例句:On average, I exercise three times a week.(我平均每周锻炼三次。) 练习题: ① His grades are above _ (average). ② The _ (average) age of the class is 15. 答案:① average ② average 解析:第1题介词后加名词;第2题形容词修饰age。 五、习语 心态与收获(Idioms & Mindset) 47. accident / ks d nt/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:事故;意外 近义词:crash, mishap 词性转换:accidental (adj.) accidentally (adv.) 固定搭配: by accident 偶然 traffic accident 交通事故 例句:I met him by accident on the street.(我偶然在街上遇见他。) 练习题: ① He broke the window _ (accident). ② She was hurt in a car _ (accidental). 答案:① accidentally ② accident 解析:第1题副词修饰全句;第2题a car后加名词。 48. silver / s lv (r)/ 词性:n./adj. 词义:银;银色的 反义词:gold 固定搭配: silver lining (不幸中的)一线希望 silver medal 银牌 例句:Every cloud has a silver lining.(黑暗中总有一线光明。) 练习题: ① She won a _ (silver) medal in the race. ② The ring is made of _ (silver). 答案:① silver ② silver 解析:第1题形容词作定语;第2题名词作宾语。 49. lining / la n / 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:衬里;(云朵的)银边 固定搭配:silver lining 例句:The accident was terrible, but the silver lining is that no one got hurt.(事故很糟,但万幸的是没人受伤。) 练习题: ① Every cloud has a _ (silver) lining. ② The coat has a soft _ (line) inside. 答案:① silver ② lining 解析:第1题固定搭配;第2题a soft后加名词。 50. pleasure / ple (r)/ 词性:n. [U, C] 词义:快乐;荣幸 近义词:joy, delight;反义词:pain 词性转换:please (v.) pleasant (adj.) pleased (adj.) 固定搭配: with pleasure 很乐意 my pleasure 不客气 例句:It’s a pleasure to meet you.(很高兴见到你。) 练习题: ① The trip was a _ (pleasant). ② He smiled with _ (please). 答案:① pleasure ② pleasure 解析:第1题a后加名词;第2题with后加名词。 51. pleasant / pleznt/ 词性:adj. 词义:令人愉快的 近义词:enjoyable;反义词:unpleasant 词性转换:pleasantly (adv.) 固定搭配: pleasant weather 宜人的天气 例句:We had a pleasant evening together.(我们一起度过了一个愉快的夜晚。) 练习题: ① The weather is much more _ (pleasure) today. ② She greeted us _ (pleasant). 答案:① pleasant ② pleasantly 解析:第1题比较级用more pleasant;第2题副词修饰greeted。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $