动词不定式-2025-2026学年高中英语选修一语法重难点精讲（重大版）

高中重庆大学出版社 【选择性必修1】 动词不定式精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】动词不定式专项突破 高中重庆大学出版社选择性必修1 语法精讲 语法概述：动词不定式(t0+动词原形)是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、 状语、补语；当不定式作主语时，常用t作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语不定式置于句末。 重难点讲解 重难点一：动词不定式作主语及t作形式主语讲解： 动词不定式直接作主语时，通常表示具体的、一次性的动作或一件事，位于句首。但当不定式短 语较长时，常用t作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）置于句末，以保持句子平衡。基本结构 为：It+be+形容词/名词+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.(for sb.强调动作本身，ofsb.强调人的品质)。 例句： 。直接作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) 。it作形式主语：It is important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要。) 。带逻辑主语：It is kind of you to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了。)(kind修饰人，用of) It is necessary for us to follow the rules.(我们有必要遵守规则。)(necessary修饰动作，用for) 真题再现： 1.(2024重庆巴蜀中学期中，重庆大学出版社)is our duty to protect the environment. A.This B.That C.It D.One 答案：C解析：句中真正主语是“to protect the environment”,用it作形式主语，构成“Itis +名词+to do sth.”结构。 2.(2023重庆渝中区月考，重庆大学出版社)It is difficult._the work in such a short time. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 答案：B解析：考查it作形式主语的用法，结构为“Itis+形容词+to do sth.”,故选B。 1 高中重庆大学出版社 【选择性必修1】 动词不定式精讲 重难点二：动词不定式作宾语讲解： 动词不定式可作某些及物动词的宾语，常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：wnt,hope,decide,plan, ty,manage,agree,refuse,leam,afford等。“疑问词+不定式”结构也可作宾语，如what to do,how to do it等。 例句： 。接不定式作宾语：She wants to be a doctor..(她想成为一名医生。) 。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语：He doesn't know how to solve the problem.(他不知道如何解决这 个问题。) 真题再现： 1.(2024 重庆八中期中，重庆大学出版社)They decided._a trip to the countryside next weekend. A.take B.taking C.to take D.took 答案：C解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，即decide to do sth.,意为“决定做某事”。 2.(2023 重庆江北区期末，重庆大学出版社)Could you tell me_the library? A.how to get to B.how get to C.how to get D.how getting to 答案：A解析：“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，gtto表示“到达”，后接地点名词，故选 A。 重难点三：动词不定式作定语讲解： 动词不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关 系、动宾关系或同位关系。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需加上适当的介词。 例句： 。主谓关系（被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语）：He is the first person to arrive here.(他是第一个 到达这里的人。) 。动宾关系（被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语）：I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要 做。) 。不及物动词加介词：I need a pen to write with.(我需要一支笔写字。)(write with a pen) 真题再现： 1.(2024重庆外国语学校月考，重庆大学出版社)I have no paper一.Can you give me some? A.write 2 高中重庆大学出版社 【选择性必修1】 动词不定式精讲 B.to write C.writing D.to write on 答案：D解析：paper是write的逻辑宾语，write是不及物动词，后需加介词on,构成“write on paper”,故选D。 2.(2023 重庆沙坪坝区期中，重庆大学出版社)She is looking for a room一 A.to live B.to live in C.living D.living in 答案：B解析：room是live的逻辑宾语，live是不及物动词，后需加介词in,构成“live in aroom”,用不定式作定语，故选B。 重难点四：动词不定式作状语讲解： 动词不定式作状语可表示目的、结果、原因等。表示目的时可与in order to/so as to互换(so as to 不能用于句首)：表示结果时常与oly连用，意为“不料，结果却”：表示原因时通常放在表情感 的形容词后。 例句： 。目的状语：He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习为了通过考试。)(=In order to pass the exam,he studies hard. 。结果状语：He rushed to the station only to find the train had left.(他冲到车站，不料发现火车已 经开走了。) 。原因状语：I'm glad to see you.(见到你我很高兴。) 真题再现： l.(2024重庆万州期中，重庆大学出版社)He got up early_catch the first bus. A.so that B.in order to C.such that D.as soon as 答案：B 解析：“早起”的目的是“赶上第一班公交车”，in order to后接动词原形表目的， 故选B。 2.(2023重庆北碚区期末，重庆大学出版社)She turned on the TV_the news,but it was too late, A.watch B.watching C.to watch D.watched 答案：C解析：不定式作目的状语，“打开电视”的目的是“看新闻”，故选C。 3 高中重庆大学出版礼 【选择性必修1】 动词不定式精讲 重难点五：动词不定式作补语讲解： 动词不定式可作宾语补足语，常见的接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,tell,want,wish,encourage,allow, force,.invite,teach等，结构为“动词+宾语+to do sth.”。但使役动词(make,let,have)和感官动 词(see,hear,watch,notice,feel)后接不定式作宾补时，要省略to(被动语态中to需还原)。 例句： 。带to的宾补：My mother often tells me to study hard.(我妈妈经常告诉我要努力学习。) 。不带to的宾补（主动语态）：I saw him enter the room.(我看见他进了房间。) ·被动语态还原to:He was seen to enter the room.(有人看见他进了房间。) 真题再现： l.(2024重庆育才中学期中，重庆大学出版社)The teacher asked us_quiet in class. A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept 答案：B 解析：ask后接不定式作宾补，即ask sb.to do sth,意为“要求某人做某事”，故 选B。 2.(2023 重庆九龙坡区月考，重庆大学出版社)We heard her_an English song in the next room yesterday. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sung 答案：A解析：感官动词hear后接不带to的不定式作宾补，强调动作的全过程，故选A。(若 强调动作正在进行，用hearing) 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.It is important English well in modern society. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 2.My brother wants_a scientist when he grows up A.be 4 高中重庆大学出版社 【选择性必修1】 动词不定式精讲 B.being C.to be D.been 3.Could you please tell me-the nearest post office? A.how to get to B.how get to C.how to get D.how getting 4.She got up early this momningcatch the first bus to the airport. A.so that B.in order to C.such that D.as soon as Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.It is kind of you_(help)me with my homework 2.He decided(join)the English club next term. 3.Do you know how (solve)this math problem? 4.She plans(visit)her grandparents during the summer vacation. 5.The teacher asked us-(keep)quiet in the library. 血，短文填空（综合运用不定式》 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Tom is a middle school student.He hopes 1.(become)a doctor in the future.To achieve his dream, he studies very hard.Every day,he tries 2.(finish)his homework on time and often asks his teachers for help when he doesn't know how 3.-(answer)the questions.Last week,he decided 4.-(join)a science club to learn more about biology.His parents encourage him 5.-(work)hard and believe he will succeed.Tom is glad 6.-(have)such supportive parents.He knows he needs 7.-(keep)trying and never give up. V.按要求改写句子（巩固不定式用法） 1.To learn English well is necessary for us.(用it作形式主语改写句子) 2.She wants to buy a new skirt.(对划线部分提问) 5 高中重庆大学出版社 【选择性必修1】动词不定式精讲 3.He is the first student..He arrives at school every morning.(合并句子，用不定式作定语) 4.The girl is very kind.She helps the old man cross the road..（合并句子，用it作形式主语) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.A4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.to help 2.to join 3.to solve 4.to visit 5.to keep Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.to become 2.to finish 3.to answer 4.to join 5.to work 6.to have 7.to keep V.按要求改写句子： 1.It is necessary for us to learn English well 2.What does she want to buy? 3.He is the first student to arrive at school every morning. 4.It is very kind of the girl to help the old man cross the road. 6