内容正文:
高中重庆大学出版社
【必修1】
重难点精讲
语法专版
【语法专题】句子成分与简单句五种基本结
构专项突破
高中重庆大学出版社必修1
语法精讲
语法概述:句子成分是构成句子的基本组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等:
简单句五种基本结构是指英语中由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句
子的基本模式,分别是主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾补结构。
重难点讲解
重难点一:句子成分的识别与划分讲解:
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等,需明确各成分的定义及功能。
·主语:句子描述的主体,通常由名词、代词或名词性短语充当。
。谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语充当,是句子的核心。
·宾语:动作的承受者,常位于及物动词后,由名词或代词充当。
·定语:修饰名词或代词,常由形容词、数词、介词短语等充当。
。状语:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,表时间、地点、方式、原因等,常由副词、介词短语
或从句充当。
例句:
·主语+谓语:She sings.(她唱歌。)
。主语+谓语+宾语:He likes apples.(他喜欢苹果。)
。主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:My mother gave me a book.(妈妈给了我一本书。)
。主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语:We keep the room clean.(我们保持房间干净。)
。定语修饰名词:The red car is mine.(红色的车是我的。)
。状语修饰动词:She runs quick灿y.(她跑得快。)
真题再现
高中重庆大学出版礼
【必修1】
重难点精讲
1.(2024·重庆九龙坡区期中,重庆大学出版社必修1)
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word in the sentence:My sister bought a beautiful dress
yesterday
A.Subject
B.Predicate
C.Attribute
D.Adverbial
答案:C解析:划线词“beautiful”修饰名词“dress”,作定语,故选C。
2.(2023·重庆渝中区月考,重庆大学出版社必修1)
Which sentence structure is"He made his little brother laugh."?
A.S+V
B.S+V+O
C.S+V+IO+DO
D.S+V+O+C
答案:D解析:句中“he”(主语),“made”(谓语),“his little brother”(宾语),“laugh”(宾
语补足语),结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”,故选D。
重难点二:简单句五种基本结构的区分讲解:
简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成,五种基本结构如下:
1.主谓结构(S+V):主语+不及物动词。
例:The sun rises.(太阳升起。)
2.主谓宾结构(S+V+O):主语+及物动词+宾语。
例:She reads books.(她读书。)
3.主系表结构(S+inking V+P):主语+系动词+表语(名词/形容词/介词短语等)。
例:He is a student.(他是学生。)/The flowers look beautiful.(花看起来很美。)
4.主谓双宾结构(S+V+IO+D0):主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。
例:My father bought me a bike.(爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。)
5.主谓宾宾补结构(S+V+O+C):主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(补充说明宾语)。
例:We call him Tom.(我们叫他汤姆。)
真题再现
1.(2024·重庆沙坪坝区期末,重庆大学出版社必修1)
Which of the following sentences is in the structure"S+V+P"?
A.The children are playing games.
B.Her mother looks young
C.I will give you a present
D.They painted the wall white
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答案:B解析:A项为S+V+O:B项“looks”为系动词,“young”为表语,结构是S+Linking
V+P;C项为S+V+IO+DO;D项为S+V+O+C,故选B。
2.(2023·重庆北碚区期中,重庆大学出版社必修1)
The sentence"My teacher told us a story happily."belongs to_
A.S+V
B.S+V+O
C.S+V+IO+DO
D.S+V+O+Adverbial
答案:C解析:句中“my teacher”(主语),“told”(谓语),“us”(间接宾语),“a story”(直
接宾语),“happily'”为状语,核心结构是S+V+IO+DO,故选C。
重难点三:易混淆成分的辨析(定语与状语、直接宾语与间接宾语)讲解:
1.定语与状语的区别:
。定语修饰名词/代词,回答“什么样的”“谁的”等问题:
。状语修饰动词/形容词/句子,回答“何时”“何地”“如何”等问题。
例:
。定语:The tall boy is my brother..(修饰名词“boy”)
。状语:He runs in the park.(修饰动词“nuns”,表地点)
2.直接宾语与间接宾语的区别:
·直接宾语(DO)是动作的直接承受者(通常为物):
。间接宾语(IO)是动作的间接对象(通常为人),可转换为“to/for+宾语”结构。
例:She gave me(IO)apen(DO).→She gave a pen to me.
真题再现
1.(2024·重庆南岸区月考,重庆大学出版社必修1)
In the sentence"We visited an old house in the countryside last week.",the underlined part"in the
countryside"is_
A.Attribute
B.Adverbial
C.Object
D.Predicate
答案:B解析:“in the countryside”修饰动词“visited'”,表地点,作状语,故选B。
2.(2023·重庆江北区期末,重庆大学出版社必修1)
Which sentence has an indirect object?
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A.I bought a new coat yesterday.
B.She showed her friends the photos
C.They arrived at the station early.
D.The girl is listening to music.
答案:B解析:B项中“her friends”(间接宾语),“he photos”(直接宾语),结构为
S+V+IO+DO,其他选项均无间接宾语,故选B。
重难点四:系动词的识别与用法讲解:
系动词本身无实义,需与表语共同构成谓语,常见类型:
l.状态系动词:be(am/is/are/was/were)。例:He is a doctor..
2.感官系动词:look,sound,smel,taste,feel。例:The soup tastes delicious.
3.变化系动词:become,get,tum,grow。例:Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
4.持续系动词:keep,stay,remain。例:Please keep quiet
注意:系动词后不可接副词作表语,需用形容词。
错误:He looks happily.→正确:He looks happy
真题再现
1.(2024·重庆渝北区期中,重庆大学出版社必修1)
Which of the following is a linking verb?
A.run
B.taste
C.buy
D.clean
答案:B解析:“taste”(尝起来)为感官系动词,其他选项均为实义动词,故选B。
2.(2023·重庆巴南区月考,重庆大学出版社必修1)
The silk dress soft and comfortable
A.feels
B.touches
C.sounds
D.becomes
答案:A解析:“soft and comfortable”描述主语“dress”的特性,用感官系动词“feels”(摸
起来),故选A。
高中重庆大学出版社
【必修1】
重难点精讲
易错点综合演练
L单项选择(直击重难点)
1.Identify the part of speech of the underlined word in the sentence:The excited children are playing
games in the park.
A.Subject
B.Predicate
C.Attribute
D.Adverbial
2.Which sentence structure is"My friend lent me a dictionary."?
A.S+V
B.S+V+O
C.S+V+IO+DO
D.S+V+O+C
3.In the sentence"She sings songs beautifully every day.",the underlined part"beautifully is
A.Attribute
B.Adverbial
C.Object
D.Predicate
4.Which of the following is a linking verb?
A.jump
B.smell
C.eat
D.write
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(强化句型结构)
1.The(love)girl is reading a storybook.
2.He(run)quickly to catch the bus yesterday.
3.My mother often tells me (interest)stories.
4.The flowers in the garden(look)very beautiful.
5.We should keep our classroom(clean).
Ⅲ.短文填空(综合运用句子成分)
根据句子成分知识,用括号内单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
Linda is a 1.(help)student.She always 2.(help)her classmates with their lessons.Last week,
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高中重庆大学出版社
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重难点精讲
she 3.(give)her deskmate a new pen.The pen 4.(look)very nice.Her deskmate was very 5.
(thank)to her.
V.句型转换(聚焦句子结构)
1.He bought a red car last month.(对划线部分”red'提问)
2.The teacher made the students happy.(改为”S+V+O+C'结构的句子)
3.She sings songs in the park.(对划线部分"”in the park'提问)
4.The little boy is very tall.(改为含定语的句子)
综合演练参考答案
I.单项选择:1.C2.C3.B4.B
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空:1.lovely2.ram3.interesting4.look5.clean
IL.短文填空:1.helpful2.helps3.gave4.looks
5.thankful
V.句型转换:
1.What color car did he buy last month?
2.The teacher made the students feel happy.
3.Where does she sing songs?
4.The tall little boy is my brother..(答案不唯一,合理即可可)
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