Unit 3现在完成时的被动语态-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法重难点精讲（外研版）

必修3外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】现在完成时的被动语态专项突 破 高中外研版必修3 语法精讲 语法概述：现在完成时的被动语态=现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)+被动语态(be+过去分 词)，结构为have/has been+-过去分词，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果且主语是动 作的承受者。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：现在完成时的被动语态基本结构及构成规则讲解： 现在完成时的被动语态基本结构为”主语+have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词'。其中，助动词 have/has的选用取决于主语的人称和数：主语是第三人称单数时用has,其他人称及复数用have: beem为be动词的过去分词，是被动语态的标志；及物动词的过去分词需根据动词规则变化（如规 则动词加-d,不规则动词需特殊记忆)。 The project has been finished by the team. These books have been read by many students. 真题再现： 1.(2024北京海淀期中，外研版)The old bridge by the workers in the past two months.. A.has repaired B.has been repaired C.was repaired D.repaired 答案：B解析：in the past two months是现在完成时的标志，主语the old bridge与repair是 被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态has been repaired。 2.(2023江苏南京月考，外研版)Many new schools_in our city since2020. A.have built B.were built C.have been built D.will be built 答案：C解析：since2020是现在完成时的标志，主语many new schools与build是被动关 1 必修3外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 系，用现在完成时的被动语态have been built。 重难点二：现在完成时的被动语态与主动语态的转换讲解： 主动语态变被动语态时，将主动句的宾语变为主语，谓语动词变为have/has+been+过去分词'， 原主语用by引出（可省略）。被动语态变主动语态时，将被动句的主语变为主语，谓语动词恢复 为主动形式（注意人称和数的变化），by后的宾语变为主语。 主动句：They have cleaned the classroom.→被动句：The classroom has been cleaned(by them) 被动句：The letter has been written by her.→主动句：She has written the letter. 真题再现： 1.(2024广东广州期末，外研版)We have planted many trees in the park.(改为被动语态) Many trees in the park. 答案：have been planted解析：主动句时态为现在完成时，宾语many trees变为主语，谓 语动词变为have been planted。. 2.(2023浙江杭州期中，外研版)The problem has been solved by Tom.(改为主动语态) Tom the problem. 答案：has solved解析：被动句时态为现在完成时，by后的Tom变为主语，谓语动词用has solved。 重难点三：现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别讲解： 现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already、yet、just、 since、for等时间状语连用：一般过去时的被动语态仅表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作，与现在 没有联系，常与yesterday、last week、in2020等具体过去时间状语连用。 现在完成时被动：The door has been locked..(门现在是锁着的状态，对现在有影响) 一般过去时被动：The door was locked yesterday.(仅说明昨天门被锁了，与现在状态无关) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东青岛期末，外研版)一_the meeting_yet?-Yes.It一l0 minutes ago. A.Has;been held;was held B.Was;held;has been held C.Has;held;was held D.Was,being held;has been held 答案：A解析：第一空yet提示用现在完成时，meeting与hold是被动关系，用has been held:. 第二空l0 minutes ago提示用一般过去时的被动语态was held。. 2.(2023湖北武汉月考，外研版)The book_by Mo Yan in2005 and it translated into many languages since then. A.was written;has been B.has been written;was C.wrote;has been 2 必修3外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 D.was writing;was 答案：A解析：第一空in2005提示用一般过去时的被动语态was written;第二空since then 提示用现在完成时的被动语态has been translated(此处省略translated)。 重难点四：现在完成时的被动语态的否定句和疑问句结构讲解： 否定句：在have/has后加not,即”主语+have/has+not+been+过去分词'。 They haven't been told the news. 疑问句：将have/has提至句首，即Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词+其他？”，肯定回答用Yes, 主语+have/has”,否定回答用No,主语+haven't/hasn't'。 Has the work been finished?(工作完成了吗？)Yes,it has.No,it hasn't 真题再现： 1.(2024天津和平区期中，外研版)一_the flowers一by your mother yet?一No,they. A.Have;watered;haven't B.Have:been watered:haven't C.Has;watered;hasn't D.Has;been watered;hasn't 答案：B解析：主语the flowers是复数，助动词用have,flowers与water是被动关系，疑 问句用Have been watered,否定回答用haven't。 2.(2023四川成都期末，外研版)The students(not allow)to enter the lab without teachers' permission yet.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 答案：haven't been allowed解析：yet提示用现在完成时，students与allow是被动关系，否 定句用haven't been allowed。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点）》 1.The old library since last year and it will open next month A.is repaired B.was repaired C.has been repaired D.will be repaired 2.Many new roads in our town in the past five years. A.built B.were built C.have built D.have been built 3 必修3外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 3.-the reportby Lucy yet? -Yes,she finished it an hour ago. A.Has;written B.Was;written C.Has;been written D.Did;write 4.The letters by the postman yesterday afternoon. A.are delivered B.were delivered C.have been delivered D.will be delivered Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.These books(not return)to the library yet.You must return them soon. 2.The problem(solve)by the teacher already.Now we can understand it. 3.the classroom (clean)by the students just now? 4.A new bridge (build)over the river since 2024. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用现在完成时的被动语态） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（外研版教材课文改编） Our school library 1.(renovate)since last semester.Many new books 2.(add)to the shelves,and the old computers 3.(replace)with new ones.The reading area 4.(enlarge)too,so now there are more seats for students.A new rule 5.(make):students can borrow up to 5 books at a time.All these changes 6.(welcome)by both teachers and students. V.按要求改写句子（巩固否定、疑问及转换句式） l.The workers have built a new hospital in the city.(改为被动语态) A new hospital by the workers in the city. 2.The homework has been finished by Tom.(改为主动语态) Tom the homework. 3.The meeting was held last Monday..(改为否定句) The meeting_last Monday. 4.They have cleaned the lab twice this month.(对划线部分提问) the lab cleaned this month? 必修3外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2D3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.haven't been returned 2.has been solved 3.Was;cleaned 4.has been built Ⅲ短文填空： 1.has been renovated 2.have been added 3.have been replaced 4.has been enlarged 5.has been made 6.have been welcomed V.按要求改写句子： 1.has been built 2.has finished 3.wasn't held 4.How many times has;been