Unit 4动词不定式作定语 状语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法重难点精讲（人教版）

高中人教版 必修3 重难点精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】动词不定式作定语、状语专项 突破 高中人教版必修3 语法精讲 语法概述：动词不定式(to+动词原形)在句中分别修饰名词作定语、表示动作的目的、结果、原 因等作状语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：动词不定式作定语的用法及位置讲解： 动词不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词或代词之后，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系、 主谓关系或同位关系。若不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后需加上适当的介词。 。动宾关系：I have a lot of homework to do.(todo与homework是动宾关系，即“做家庭作业”) 。主谓关系：He is the first to arrive.(to arrive与the first是主谓关系，即“第一个到达的人”) 。同位关系：We have a plan to visit the Great Wall.(to visit the Great Wall解释说明plan的内容) 。不及物动词+介词：There is a chair to sit on.(sit是不及物动词，需加介词on,构成“坐在椅 子上”) 真题再现： 1.(2024湖北武汉期中，人教版必修3)We need someone_this problem. A.solve B.solving C.to solve D.solved 答案：C解析：此处用动词不定式to solve作定语修饰someone,逻辑上是“解决问题的人”， 构成动宾关系，故选C。 2.(2023湖南长沙月考，人教版必修3)I have no pen一.Can you lend me one? A.to write B.writing C.to write with 高中人教版 必修3 重难点精讲 D.written 答案：C 解析：wite是不及物动词，与pen搭配时需加介词with,构成“用钢笔写”，即to write with作定语修饰pen,故选C。 重难点二：动词不定式作目的状语的用法及标志词讲解： 动词不定式作目的状语时，表示“为了…”，通常放在句首或句末，句首时常用逗号与主句隔开。 其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，有时可在不定式前加in order或soas加强语气(so as to不能用于句 首)。 。基本用法：He studies hard to pass the exam.（为了通过考试，他努力学习) 。句首位置：To catch the early bus,.she got up at5:00.(为了赶上早班车，她五点起床) ·加标志词：He saved money in order to buy a new car.(他存钱是为了买一辆新车)/She works hard so as to support her family.(她努力工作是为了养家) 真题再现： 1.(2024广东广州期末，人教版必修3)improve his English,he joined an English club A.So as to B.In order to C.So that D.In order that 答案：B解析：句首表示目的，so as to不能用于句首，so that和in order that后接从句，此 处应用In order to加动词原形，故选B。 2.(2023江苏南京期中，人教版必修3)She stayed up late last night_finish the report on time A.so that B.in order C.to D.for 答案：C解析：此处用动词不定式to finish作目的状语，表示“为了按时完成报告”，so that 后接从句，in order后需加to,for后接动名词，故选C。 重难点三：动词不定式作结果状语的用法及区别讲解： 动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only连用构成“only to do”结构：而现 在分词作结果状语常表示自然发生的结果。 。出乎意料的结果：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却 发现火车已经开走了) 。对比现在分词：It rained heavily,causing the river to rise.(雨下得很大，导致河水上涨) 真题再现： 高中人教版 必修3 重难点精讲 1.(2024 浙江杭州月考，人教版必修3)He returned home after the war, that his wife had left him. A.only to find B.finding C.found D.to find 答案：A 解析：此处表示出乎意料的结果，“战争后回家却发现妻子已经离开”，用only to find结构，故选A。 2.(2023四川成都期末，人教版必修3)The fire lasted for three hours,,_a lot of damage. A.only to cause B.causing C.caused D.to cause 答案：B解析：火灾持续三小时导致损失是自然发生的结果，用现在分词causing作结果状 语，only to cause表示出乎意料，不符合语境，故选B。 重难点四：动词不定式的省略与否定形式讲解： 。省略to的情况：在使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,hear,feel等后作宾语补足 语时，不定式省略to:但在被动语态中，to需还原。 主a动：I saw him enter the room.(see sb.do sth.) 被动：He was seen to enter the room 。否定形式：在不定式前加not,即“not to do”。 She told me not to touch the machine.(她告诉我不要碰那台机器) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东潍坊期中，人教版必修3)We often hear her_English songs in the morning. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sung 答案：A解析：感官动词hear后接不带to的不定式作宾补，hear sb.do sth.表示“听到某 人做某事的全过程”，故选A。 2.(2023河南郑州期末，人教版必修3)The teacher told us noisy in the library. A.not be B.not to be C.don't be D.not being 答案：B解析：tell sb.not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定形式在to 3 高中人教版 必修3重难点精讲 前加not,故选B。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.She bought a new skirt at the party tomorrow. A.wear B.wearing C.to wear D.womn 2.-Why did you get up so early this morning? -catch the first train to Nanjing. A.So as to B.In order to C.So that D.For 3.He rushed to the classroom,only that the class had already begun A.finding B.to find C.found D.finds 4.The teacher noticed Tom in class and asked him to stand up. A.sleep B.to sleep C.sleeping D.slept Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.I need a piece of paper(write)on 2.She saved money(buy)a birthday gift for her mother. 3.He was seen (enter)the building just now. 4.My parents told me(not play)computer games too much. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用不定式） 用括号内单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 4 高中人教版 必修3 重难点精讲 Linda has a busy weekend plan.On Saturday morning,she wants 1.(visit)her grandparents.She needs 2.(take)the bus because her bike is broken.In the afternoon,she is going to the library 3. _(read)some books about history.She hopes 4.(finish)her term paper next week.On Sunday, she plans 5.(go)shopping with her best friend,Mary.They want 6.(buy)some new clothes for the coming winter.Linda also decides 7.(not watch)TV in the evening so that she can prepare for Monday's exam. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.to,learn,English,we,hard,try,well (. 2.is,the,first,to,school,he,arrive,usually ( 3.so as to,early,up,she,get,catch,the,train,got (. 4.me,you,tell,not,the,window,open,to,did(?) V.按要求改写句子（巩固不定式用法） 1.He studies hard to pass the exam.(对划线部分提间) 2.There is a meeting to attend tomorrow.(改为否定句) 3.My mother asked me to clean the room.(改为被动语态) 4.We plan to have a picnic next Sunday..(用in order to改写句子) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2.B3.B4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.to write2.to buy 3.to enter 4.not to play Ⅲ短文填空： 1.to visit 2.to take 3.to read 4.to finish 5.to go 6.to buy 7.not to watch 高中人教版 必修3重难点精讲 V.连词成句： 1.We try hard to learn English well. 2.He is usually the first to arrive school. 3.She got up early so as to catch the train. 4.Did you tell me not to open the window? V.按要求改写句子： 1.Why does he study hard? 2.There is not a meeting to attend tomorrow. 3.I was asked to clean the room by my mother. 4.We plan to have a picnic next Sunday in order to relax 6