Unit 5定语从句与过去分词结合用法-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法重难点精讲（冀教版）

选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】定语从句与过去分词结合用法 专项突破 高中冀教版选修3 语法精讲 语法概述：定语从句与过去分词的组合使用，在句中可作定语修饰名词或代词。 重难点讲解 重难点一：定语从句与过去分词作定语的转换条件及语法功能讲解： 当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语，且从句谓语为被动语态时，可将从句转换为”过去分词 短语”作后置定语，此时过去分词与被修饰名词构成逻辑上的被动关系。转换后句子更简洁，突 出动作的完成或被动状态。 -定语从句形式：The book which was written by Mo Yan is popular.(关系代词which作主语，从句 为被动语态) -转换为过去分词短语：The book written by Mo Yan is popular.(过去分词written表被动，修饰book) 真题再现 (2024河北石家庄期中，冀教版选修3)The letters by my father yesterday have been posted. A.wrote B.writing C.written D.to write 答案：C解析：空格处需作letters的定语，letters与write是被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去 分词written,相当于”which were written”。 重难点二：过去分词作定语与定语从句的语义区别讲解： 过去分词作定语强调被动或完成的状态，而定语从句可通过时态和情态动词表达更复杂的语义 (如进行时、将来时或情态意义)。 -过去分词短语：The broken window needs repairing.(强调窗户”已被打破'的状态) -定语从句：The window which is being broken by the children needs attention.(强调'正在被打破 的动作过程) 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 真题再现 (2023河北邯郸月考，冀教版选修3)The students in the classroom are preparing for the exam A.who are studying B.studying C.studied D.to study 答案：A解析：句中”正在教室学习的学生”强调动作正在进行，过去分词studied表被动或完 成，无法体现”正在进行”，需用定语从句who are studying。 重难点三：关系代词在转换中的省略规则讲解： 当定语从句转换为过去分词短语时，关系代词(which/.hat/who)和be动词必须同时省略，仅保 留过去分词。若关系代词在从句中作宾语（如被动语态中的宾语），则不可转换为过去分词短语。 -可转换（关系代词作主语）：The girl who is loved by everyone is my sister.→The girl loved by everyone is my sister -不可转换（关系代词作宾语）：The movie which I watched yesterday is interesting.(不可转换 为"watched yesterday',因which作watched的宾语) 真题再现 (2024河北保定期末，冀教版选修3)The story_by the old man made us cry. A.which told B.was told C.told D.telling 答案：C解析：原句可还原为The story which was told by the old man..”,关系代词which作主 语且从句为被动语态，故省略which was,保留过去分词told。 重难点四：过去分词作定语的位置（前置与后置）讲解： 单个过去分词通常作前置定语，修饰名词：过去分词短语需作后置定语，相当于定语从句。 -前置定语：a broken cup（单个过去分词broken修饰cup) -后置定语：the cup broken by my brother(过去分词短语broken by my brother修饰cup,相当 Fwhich was broken by my brother") 真题再现 (2023河北唐山期中，冀教版选修3)We visited the house in the18 th century. A.building B.built C.was built D.to build 2 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 答案：B解析：”建于18世纪的房子，中，过去分词短语built in the 18 th century作后置定语，修 饰house,相当于”which was built”。 易错点综合演练 L.单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The novel by Lu Xun is still widely read today. A.writing B.wrote C.written D.to write 2.The teacher in the office now is our math teacher. A.who works B.working C.worked D.to work 3.The letter I received yesterday was from my pen pal. A.which was sent B.sending C.sent D.to send 4.The bridge will be repaired next month A.breaking B.broke C.broken D.to break Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The books (publish)last year are very popular 2.The children(play)in the park now are my students. 3.The story(tell)by my grandma made me laugh. 4.We visited the(build)house yesterday. Ⅲ，短文填空（综合运用语法点） 用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 Yesterday,I read a book (write)by a famous author.The book (describe)a girl (live)in a small village.The girl (love)by everyone in the village.One day,she found a (break)watch.The watch _(repair)by an old man later. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the,by,song,sung,children,is,beautiful,(. 2.students,who,are,the,in,studying,library,the,exam,for,are,( 3.book,I,bought,yesterday,which,is,interesting,very,(. 4.tower,built,in,the,1990,is,tall,very,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固语法转换） l.The girl who is loved by everyone is my friend.(改为过去分词作定语) 2.The window which was broken by Tom needs to be repaired.(改为过去分词作定语) 3.The students who are studying in the classroom are hard-working.(改为现在分词作定语) 4.The story which was told by him moved us.(改为过去分词作定语) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2.A3.A4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1 published2 playing3.told4.built Ⅲ.短文填空：l.ritten2.describes3.living4.loved 5.broken 6.was repaired V.连词成句： 1.The song sung by the children is beautiful. 2.The students who are studying in the library are for the exam. 3.The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 4 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】D版重难点精讲 4.The tower built in 1990 is very tall. V.按要求改写句子： 1.The girl loved by everyone is my friend. 2.The window broken by Tom needs to be repaired. 3.The students studying in the classroom are hard-working 4.The story told by him moved us. 5