十大基础时态-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

高中必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 十大基础时态精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】十大基础时态专项突破 高中沪教牛津版必修1 语法精讲 语法概述：十大基础时态=英语中表示动作或状态在不同时间发生或存在的十种基本动词形式， 用于明确动作发生的时间、持续状态及与其他动作的关系。 重难点讲解 重难点一：一般现在时与现在进行时的用法区别讲解： -一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理、事实，常与often,.usually,always,every day 等时间状语连用，动词用原形（主语为第三人称单数时加-s-es)。 She usually gets up at6:30a.m.（习惯性动作) The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理) 现在进行时：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段暂时的动作，结构为“am/is/are+动词-ing”, 常与now,look,listen等词连用。 Look！They are playing basketball on the playground.（正在进行) I am reading a novel these days.(现阶段暂时动作) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海浦东区期中)My father_to work by bus every morning,.but today he_his bil冰e A.go;ride B.goes,is riding C.went;rode D.will go;rides 答案：B解析：第一空“每天早上”表习惯，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，用gos: 第二空“今天（正在）骑自行车”表此刻动作，用现在进行时is riding。 2.(2023上海徐汇区月考)—What younow? -I my homework. A.do;do;do B.are;doing;am doing C.does;do;does 高中必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 十大基础时态精讲 D.will;do;will do 答案：B解析：问句中now提示用现在进行时，结构为are doing:答句回应正在进行的动 作，用am doing。 重难点二：一般过去时的时间状语与动词不规则变化讲解： -时间状语：表示过去的时间，如yesterday,last week,in2020,just now等。 动词变化：规则动词加-ed(如worked,played),不规则动词需特殊记忆（如go一→went,see→saw, eat→ate)。 He visited his uncle last Sund,（规则变化) She bought a new dress yesterday:(不规则变化：buy→bought) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海虹口区期末)Lucy_to the Great Wall with her family一summer vacation A.go;next B.goes,every C.went;last D.will go;this 答案：C解析：“暑假去长城”是过去的动作，用一般过去时，时间状语用last summer vacation, 动词go的过去式为went。 2.(2023 上海杨浦区期中)My mother_dinner an hour ago,.and we_it happily. A.cook;eat B.cooks;eats C.cooked;ate D.is cooking;is eating 答案：C解析：an hour ago提示用一般过去时，cook的过去式为cooked,eat的过去式为 ate。 重难点三：现在完成时中“for/since”的用法区别讲解： -现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在的状态，结构为“have/has+ 过去分词”。 -for+时间段：表示动作持续了多久（如for3 years,for a week)。 -since+时间点：表示动作从过去某一时间点开始，持续到现在（如since2019,since last month, since he was5)。 I have lived in Shanghai for5)ears(持续5年) She has studied English since she was6 years old.(从6岁开始，持续到现在) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海闵行区期末)M.Li in this school_2005 2 高中必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 十大基础时态精讲 A.teaches;for B.taught;since C.has taught;since D.will teach;in 答案：C解析：“从2005年到现在”表示持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时has taught:since 后接时间点2005。 2.(2023上海静安区月考)一How long_you_this book? -For two weeks.I need to return it to the library tomorrow. A.have;borrowed B.have;kept C.did;borrow D.will;keep 答案：B解析：how long提问持续时间，需用延续性动词，borrow为短暂性动词，需转换 为keep;“for two weeks”提示用现在完成时have kept。 重难点四：一般将来时“be going to”与“wil”的区别（上海地区常考）讲解： -be going to:强调“计划、打算”或“根据迹象预测”，主语为第一、二人称或第三人称均可。 I am going to visit the museum next Sunday:(计划) Look at the black clouds.It is going to rain.(迹象预测) w山：强调“临时决定”“意愿”或“客观预测”，无人称变化，疑问句将w提至句首。 一The phone is ringing!一I will answer it..(临时决定) He will be 1.8 years old ne.xt yecr:（客观预测) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海黄浦区期中)—What_you一after graduation'? -I study in Shanghai University.I have already applied for it. A.will;do;will B.are;going to do;am going to C.do;do;do D.did;do;did 答案：B解析：答句“已申请上海大学”表计划，用be going to;问句询问计划，也用are going to do。 2.(2023上海长宁区月考)一There is no water in the bottle.. -Don't worry.I get some from the shop downstairs. A.am going to B.is going to C.will 高中必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 十大基础时态精讲 D.have 答案：C解析：“临时决定去楼下买水”，用will表即时意愿。 重难点五：过去进行时与一般过去时的动作对比讲解： ,过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，结构为“was/were+动词-ing”,常与at8p.m. yesterday,when引导的时间状语从句连用。 ·一般过去时：表示过去某一时间点发生的短暂动作，常与过去进行时的“背景动作”对比（即 “过去正在做某事时，另一件事突然发生”)。 I was doing my homework when the doorbell rang.(门铃响时，我正在做作业) 真题再现： l.(2024上海普陀区期末)While Tom_TV,his mother dinner in the kitchen. A.watches;cooks B.watched:cooked C.was watching;was cooking D.is watching;is cooking 答案：C解析：while引导并列的过去进行时，表示“两个动作同时进行”，结构为was watching 和was cooking。 2.(2023上海嘉定区期中)一What you at9o'clock last night? -Ia shower. A.do;do;take B.are;doing;am taking C.were;doing;was taking D.did;do;took 答案：C解析：“昨晚9点”为过去具体时刻，用过去进行时，结构为were doing和was taking。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.My father usuallynewspapers after breakfast,but today he_a novel. A.reads;is reading B.read reads C.is reading;reads D.reads;read 2.-What you at 8 o'clock last night? -I my homework. 4 高中必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 十大基础时态精讲 A.do;do;do B.are;doing;am doing C.were;doing;was doing D.did;do;did 3.She in this school for 5 years and she loves her students very much. A.teaches B.taught C.has taught D.will teach 4.Theyto the park if it tomorrow.They made the plan yesterday. A.go;doesn't rain B.will go;won't rain C.are going to go;doesn't rain D.went;rained Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.He(go)to the Great Wall with his parents last summer vacation. 2.Look!The children(play)happily in the park. 3.My brother(not finish)his homework yet.He needs more time. 4.you(see)the film yesterday? 5.There(be)a football match between our school and No.1 Middle School next Sunday. 血，短文填空（综合运用时态） 用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Last Sunday,I 1.(get)up early.After breakfast,I 2.(go)to the library.I 3.(read)a storybook there for two hours.When I 4.(leave)the library,it 5.(rain).I6.(have)to wait for the rain to stop.Now,I 7.(write)a diary about my Sunday. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.yesterday,she,to,the,supermarket,went (. 2.is,listening,to,music,now,my,sister ( 3.they,for,three,hours,have,been,waiting (. 4.next,month,we,a,school,trip,will,have (. 5.he,usually,plays,basketball,after,school (. 5 高中必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 十大基础时态精讲 V.按要求改写句子（巩固否定、疑问句式） l.Tom visited his grandparents last week.(改为否定句) 2.They have lived in this city since20l0.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 3.He is playing computer games now.(对划线部分提问) 4.She will finish the work in three days.(对划线部分提问) 综合演练参考答案 1单项选择：1.A2.C3.C4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.went 2.is playing 3.hasn't finished 4.Did;see 5.will be/is going to be Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.got 2.went 3.read 4.left 5.wasraining 6.had 7.am writing V.连词成句： 1.She went to the supermarket yesterday. 2.My sister is listening to music now. 3.They have been waiting for three hours. 4.We will have a school trip next month. 5.He usually plays basketball after school. V.按要求改写句子： 1.Tom didn't visit his grandparents last week. 2.Have they lived in this city since 2010?Yes,they have. 3.What is he doing now? 4.How soon will she finish the work? 6