定语从句-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

高中沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 必修1重难点精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】定语从句（关系代词作主/宾 语)专项突破 高中沪教牛津版必修1 语法精讲 语法概述：定语从句（关系代词作主/宾语）=修饰名词或代词的从句+由关系代词(wo,whom, which,that,whose)引导，关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语。 一、重难点讲解 重难点一：关系代词that,which,who,whon的用法区别讲解： 关系代词ht可指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，不能用于非限制性定语从 句。 The book(that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.(指物，作宾语，可省略) The girl that is standing under the tree is my sister.(指人，作主语) whch只能指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，可用于非限制性定语从句。 This is the house which was built in 1990.(指物，作主语) The story(which)she told me made me laugh.(指物，作宾语，可省略) who指人，在从句中作主语，whom指人，在从句中作宾语，作宾语时可省略，whom可被who或 that代替。 The man who is talking to my father is a doctor.(指人，作主语) The student(whom/who/.that)the teacher praised is very hard-working..(指人，作宾语，可省略) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海浦东区期中)The boy_is wearing a red coat is my brother. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 答案：B 解析：先行词The boy指人，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词who。 2.(2023上海徐汇区月考)This is the pen_I bought yesterday. A.who B.whose 高中沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 必修1重难点精讲 C.which D.what 答案：C 解析：先行词the pen指物，从句中缺少宾语，用关系代词which,可省略。 重难点二：关系代词作宾语时的省略规则讲解： 当关系代词在定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语时，通常可以省略。但如果介词提前至关系代词 前，关系代词不能省略，且指物只能用which,.指人只能用whom。 This is the film(that/which)I told you about..(about后接关系代词作宾语，可省略) This is the film about which I told you..(about提前，关系代词which不能省略) The girl(whom/who/hat)he is looking for is his sister..(for后接关系代词作宾语，可省略) The girl for whom he is looking is his sister.(for提前，关系代词whom不能省略) 真题再现： l.(2024上海黄浦区期末)The teacher we met yesterday will give us a talk tomorrow. A.which B.when C.whom D.whose 答案：C 解析：先行词The teacher指人，从句中缺少宾语，用关系代词whom,可省略，此 处选项中只有whom符合。 2.(2023 上海静安区期中)This is the house my grandparents lived in ten years ago. A.who B.which C.where D.whose 答案：B解析：先行词he house指物，从句中in后缺少宾语，用关系代词which,.可省略， 此处选项中which符合。 重难点三：关系代词hat与which的特殊用法区别讲解： 以下情况通常用that不用which: 1.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 The first thing that I want to do is to visit my parents. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 2.先行词是all,something,anything,.nothing,everything等不定代词时。 All that glitters is not gold. I have something that I want to tell you. 3.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。 Every book that I have read is useful. There is no person that doesn't make mistakes. 高中沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 必修1重难点精讲 先行词指物且在非限制性定语从句中时，只能用which。 My father bought a new car,which is very expensive. 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海长宁区月考)This is the most interesting story_I have ever heard, A.which B.that C.who D.whom 答案：B 解析：先行词被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，用关系代词that。 2.(2023上海杨浦区期末)She told me everythingshe knew about the accident A.which B.what C.that D.who 答案：C解析：先行词everything是不定代词，用关系代词that: 易错点综合演练 1单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The girl is sitting by the window is my best friend. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 2.This is the storybook my mother gave me as a birthday gift A.who B.whose C.which D.what 3.The teacher we talked about yesterday will retire next year. A.which B.when C.whom D.whose 4.He told me everything he knew about the accident A.which 高中沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 必修1重难点精讲 B.what C.that D.who Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） l.This is the park_we often play basketball.(选择合适的关系代词/副词填空) 2.The boy with my brother played football yesterday is from Canada.whom/who/that) 3.I have read all the books_you lent me last week.(用that/which填空) 4.The house_windows face south is very bright.(用whose/which填空) Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用关系代词） 用hat,which,who,whom,whose的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 I have a pen pal lives in Australia.His name is Tom.He sent me a photo shows his family.The man is standing on the left is his father.The woman he is talking to is his mother.They live in a house garden is full of flowers.Tom told me about the school he studies.All the teachers work there are very kind.I hope I can visit the country has many interesting places. V.句型转换（巩固关系代词用法） l.The girl is my cousin..She is wearing a red dress.(合并为含定语从句的复合句) 2.This is the factory..My father works in the factory.(合并为含定语从句的复合句) 3.HIe gave me a book.I have read the book many times..(合并为含定语从句的复合句) 4.The student won the first prize.The teacher praised him yesterday..(合并为含定语从句的复合句) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.C4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.where 2.whom 3.that 4.whose Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.who 2.which 3.who 4.whom 5.whose 6.which 7.who 8.which 4 高中沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 必修1重难点精讲 V.句型转换： 1.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my cousin. 2.This is the factory where my father works. 3.He gave me a book that I have read many times. 4.The student whom the teacher praised yesterday won the first prize. 5