被动语态基础用法-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】被动语态基础用法 高中沪教牛津版必修1 语法精讲 语法概述：被动语态基础用法=主动语态中动作的承受者作主语+b动词+及物动词的过去分 词，强调动作的承受者或动作本身。 重难点讲解 重难点一：被动语态的基本结构及构成规则讲解： 被动语态的基本结构为“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”(V-ed)。时态通过be动词的形式变化 体现，人称和数需与主语保持一致。 -一般现在时：am/is/are+V-ed .一般过去时：was/were+V-ed -一般将来时：will be+V-ed/be going to be+V-ed 例句： -English is spoken by many people around the world.(一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词 用is) -The letter was written by my brother yesterday..(一般过去时，主语为单数，be动词用was) -The project will be finished next month.(一般将来时，will be+过去分词) 真题再现： l.(2024上海浦东区期中，沪教牛津版必修1)The Great Wall by millions of tourists every year. A.visits B.is visited C.visited D.was visited 答案：B解析：句中every year表示经常性动作，用一般现在时；主语The Great Wall与visit 是被动关系，故用“is+visited”。 2.(2023上海徐汇区月考，沪教牛津版必修1)A new hospital_in our city last year. A.builds B.built C.was built D.will be built 必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 答案：C解析：last year提示用一般过去时，主语hospital与build是被动关系，故用“was +built”。 重难点二：主动语态变被动语态的转换规则讲解： 主动语态变被动语态需遵循“三变二不变”原则： 1.变主语：主动句宾语→被动句主语： 2.变谓语：主动句谓语动词→“be+过去分词”： 3.变语态标志：添加by引出主动句主语（若动作执行者不重要可省略）： 4.不变时态：被动句时态需与主动句一致： 5.不变意义：句子核心含义保持不变。 例句： -主动：She cleans the room every day. -被动：The room is cleaned(by her)every day..(一般现在时，宾语the room变为主语，谓语变为is cleaned) -主动：They will finish the work tomorrow. -被动：The work will be finished(by them)tomorrow.(一般将来时，will be+过去分词) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海闵行区期末，沪教牛津版必修1)People grow rice in the south of China.（改为被 动语态) Rice in the south of China. 答案：is grown解析：主动句主语People可省略，宾语ice变为主语，一般现在时被动语 态结构为“is+grown”。 2.(2023上海杨浦区期中，沪教牛津版必修1)They invited Mr.Li to give a talk last week.(改 为被动语态) Mr.Li .to give a talk last week 答案：was invited解析：主动句宾语M.Li变为主语，一般过去时被动语态结构为“was+ invited”。 重难点三：被动语态的特殊用法（不及物动词无被动、省略y的情况）讲解： l.不及物动词无被动语态：vi.(如happen,appear,arrive等)无宾语，无法构成被动语态。 例：The accident happened yesterday..(不能说“The accident was happened.”) 2.省略y的情况：当动作执行者不明确、不重要或强调动作本身时，by短语可省略。 例：This book was written in2010.(未提及作者，省略bysb.) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海青浦区月考，沪教牛津版必修1)Which sentence is CORRECT? A.The story was happened in a small village. B.Basketball is played all over the world. C.He was arrived at the station on time. 2 必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 D.The sun is risen in the east 答案：B解析：A项happen是不及物动词，无被动：C项aive是不及物动词，无被动；D 项rise是不及物动词，无被动。B项play是及物动词，被动语态正确。 2.(2023上海松江区期末，沪教牛津版必修1)The new bridge in2022.(用build的适当形 式填空) 答案：was built解析：bridge与build是被动关系，2022年表示过去时，且未强调建造者， 省略by短语，故填“was built”。 重难点四：情态动词的被动语态讲解： 结构为“情态动词(can/may/must/.should等)+be+过去分词”，表示“某事可能/必须/应该被做”。 例句： -This problem can be solved easily..(can be solved:能够被解决) -The homework must be finished before class.(must be finished:必须被完成) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海长宁区期中，沪教牛津版必修l)Students_not allowed to use mobile phones in class. A.can B.may C.must D.should 答案：C 解析：“must be allowed”表示“必须被允许”，符合语境“学生禁止在课堂使用手 机”。 2.(2023上海静安区月考，沪教牛津版必修1)The door_be locked when you leave the room. A.should B.should be C.should to be D.be should 答案：B解析：情态动词should的被动语态结构为“should be+过去分词”，此处表示“门 应该被锁上”，故选B。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The Olympic Games held every four years. A.is B.are C.was 3 必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 D.were 2.These books by Mo Yan in the 1990s. A.write B.wrote C.are written D.were written 3.The problem solved by the teacher yesterday. A.can be B.was C.will be D.is being 4.Students keep quiet in the library. A.should be B.must be C.can be D.may be Ⅱ用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The letter(send)to my pen pal last week. 2.A new bridge(build)in our town next year. 3.These photos(take)by my father on the Great Wall. 4.This song_(sing)by many young people now. 5.Children (should teach)to respect their parents. Ⅲ，短文填空（综合运用被动语态） 用括号内动词的适当被动形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Our school library 1.(build)in 2005.Every day,many books 2.(borrow)by students.The books 3. (keep)in good condition by the librarians.New books 4.(buy)every term.Students 5.(ask) to return books on time.A reading competition 6.(hold)in our school next month.I think it 7. (enjoy)by all students. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.car,this,made,in,was,Germany,(. 2.the,was,by,taught,English,us,teacher,( 3.will,the,project,be,finished,next,month,(. 4 必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 4.should,homework,on,time,be,handed,in,(. 5.is,spoken,Chinese,by,people,many,world,the,in,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固被动语态） l.They will hold a meeting tomorrow.(改为被动语态) 2.We clean the classroom every day.(改为被动语态) 3.He wrote the novel last year..(改为被动语态) 4.You must finish the work before Friday.(改为被动语态) 参考答案 I单项选择：1B2.D3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.was sent2.will be built3.were taken4.is sung5.should be taught Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.was built 2.are borrowed 3.are kept 4.are bought 5.are asked 6.will be held 7.will be enjoyed V.连词成句： 1.This car was made in Germany. 2.English was taught to us by the teacher. 3.The project will be finished next month 4.Homework should be handed in on time. 5.Chinese is spoken by many people in the world. 必修1沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 V.按要求改写句子： 1.A meeting will be held tomorrow. 2.The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 3.The novel was written by him last year. 4.The work must be finished before Friday. 6