UNIT 3 Section II Discovering Useful Structures-【成才之路·学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

4.(1)was in league with (2)in a different league from (3)compete in the same league with them 5.(1)from (2)had withdrawn (3)withdraw his name from 6.(1)be channeled (2)changes channels 7.(1)and (2)with (3)bond together 8.(1)by (2)at (3)in (4)Hand in Hand,Save the Food 重点句型 1.(1)主语(2)表语(3)宾语 (4)what made him an astronaut 2.(1)scheduled (2)As expected 3.(1)There is no need to panic (2)There is no sense/point in worrying about (3)There is much difficulty/trouble(in)finishing 随堂达标 I.1.tale 2.merchant 3.extended 4.royal 5.channels 6.withdrawal 7.coverage 8.mixture 9.professional 10.political Ⅱ.(-)1.B2.A3.C4.D5.C6.A7.B8.D (二)1.t.擦，用拖把拖2.t.称赞3.t.提供；给予 II.1.curiosity 2.to complete 3.inspired 4.did 5.what 6.places 7.a 8.has joined 9.latest 10.into Section II Discovering Useful Structures 语法精讲 (1)to stay (2)to have been doing (3)to overcome (4)to have finished (5)happened to be raining 三、l.(1)to have wasted(2)To say(3)to learn (4)To achieve (5)to face (6)It's impolite to turn your back 2.(1)to have made (2)to point (3)to finish (4)to be respected (5)was to be admitted into 3.(1)to see (2)to put (3)to do (4)to be invited (5)promised to buy him a gift 4.(1)to express (2)to take (3)to communicate (4)to make (5)was seen to enter the room 5.(1)to encourage (2)to arrive (3)to say (4)to visit (5)to be taken to 6.(1)to teach (2)to catch (3)to make (4)only to say good bye to Section II Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing 自主预习 词汇记忆 1.meanwhile 2.exploit 3.log 4.arrest 词汇认知 1.名录：电话号码簿：（计算机文件或程序的）目录 2.加仑（容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升） 3.海的；海产的；海生的 词汇拓展 1.migration 2.murderer 3.merciful 4.possession 5.opponent opposed 词块识记 1.tell apart 2.take a picture of 3.mean doing sth. 4.be home to...5.take action 6.vast amounts of 7.使…流入8.搜寻，寻找9.残忍地；毫不留情地 10.记录新物种11.有更多选择 课文预读 1.(1)Pollution (2)Mining (3)Overfishing (4)Less (5)address (6)manage (7)balanced 2.two opposite opinions about sea exploration 二、1.C2.D3.A4.B 要点探究 核心词汇 1.(1)Mixed (2)mixture (3)mix work with/and pleasure 2.(1)applause (2)for (3)gained the audience's applause 3.(1)In (2)Meanwhile/In the meanwhile/meantime 4.(1)exploitation (2)to get (3)exploited its workers with 5.(1)without (2)at (3)merciful (4)showed mercy to 6.(1)of(2)of(3)by (4)takes possession of is in possession of 7.(1)arrested (2)an (3)arrested his attention (4)got arrested under arrest 重点句型 1.(1)so that I can reach out to you (2)so that he is always late for school (3)so that he could get a good night's sleep in order that he could get a good night's sleep 2.(1)His (2)Doing (3)is (4)Not being good at communicating with others 随堂达标 I.1.opponents 2.murderers 3.logged 4.directory 5.laptop 6.tournament 7.coverage 8.Meanwhile 9.taxes 10.exploited Ⅱ.1.B2.C3.D4.A5.B6.A7.D8.C II.1.to 2.has caused 3.killing 4.are hunted 5.it 6.To understand 7.which 8.better 9.Logging 10.ability Section IV写作指导 1.to better understand environmental change 2.address current situations 3.predict the future situations 4.what are available in oceans make good use of the deep- sea resources 5.(1)that happen to the ocean (2)happening to the ocean 6.(1)be of great benefit to (2)be greatly beneficial It can establish the basic information needed to better understand environmental change,which helps scientists to address current situations. 186062 other's cultures.In the Ming Dynasty,seven large now China 8. (join)its friends across the fleets led by Zheng He set sail from the South sea on other important projects.With the China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of9. late)technology in hand,the need to the Red Sea,and then to the east coast of Africa trade and the desire to enhance relationships will for trade and exploration.To reach out across the drive China to reach out across the sea far sea remains 7. strong desire today.The 10 the future. ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being 夯基提能作业 revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, 请同学们认真完成练案[9] part of the Belt and Road Initiative.Besides,by SectionⅡ Discovering Useful Structures 。语法概览 概念 主动形式表示被动 不定式的时态和语态 不 不定式的否定形式 不定式的句法功能 主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 “疑问词+不定式”结构 ●语法精讲 (2025·北京卷）I managed to secure a leadership position.Ultimately,success came 一、动词不定式的基本构成是“o+动词原形”。 little by little. o是不定式符号，无词义。动词不定式具有 我设法获得了领导职位。最终，成功一点一 名词、形容词、副词和动词的特征，它可以在 点地来了。 句中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分。 (2024·浙江1月卷)A woman is believed to 不定式的时态和语态 have broken her leg after a tree fell on her car. 时态 主动 被动 意义 人们认为，一名妇女在一棵树砸到她的汽车 后断了腿。 与谓语动作同 There's something highly exciting about escaping 般时 to do to be done 时或在其后 someone else's glance and making oneself unable 发生 to be seen. 躲避别人的视线并使自己无法被看到是一件 to have to have 在谓语动作之 令人非常兴奋的事情。 完成时 A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black done been done 前发生 cloud and they seemed to be heading angrily 在谓语动作发 towards him. 一大群蜜蜂像乌云一样布满了天空，它们似 to be 生时，不定式 进行时 doing 乎正在愤怒地朝他飞来。 的动作正在 】温馨提示 进行 1.动词不定式“主动形式表示被动意义”的几种 在谓语动作发 情况 完成 to have 生前一直在 (1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾 进行时been doing 进行 关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的 主谓关系时。 063 Once the plan is made,we will have a lot of完成句子 work to do every day. (5)我到那里的时候碰巧在下雨。 一旦制定了计划，我们每天都会有很多工作 when I got 要做。 there. (2)在“主语+be+性质形容词+动词不定 三、不定式的句法功能 式”结构中。 不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语 (2023·浙江1月卷)The temperature on rail 补足语、定语和状语，它多表示某次具体行为。 cars is often hard to control 1.不定式作主语 轨道车上的温度通常很难控制。 不定式作主语可以表示将来特定的某一次具 (3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。 体动作。 For a period of time,as a young athlete,I didn't (2023·浙江1月卷)But no matter when you know what to do. travel,it's a good idea to make your reservations 有一段时间，作为一名年轻的运动员，我不知 at least 90 days in advance. 道该做什么。 但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90 (4)在“be to blame”中常用主动形式表示被动 天预订。 意义 To love and to be loved is the greatest It is said that the driver was to blame for this happiness one can get. car accident happening last night 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。 据说昨晚发生的这起车祸应归咎于司机。 To err is human. (5)在“t00..t0..”结构中。 金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。 The box is too heavy for the little boy to lift. 〉温馨提示 这个盒子太重了，小男孩抬不起来。 不定式短语作主语时可以组成常用句式“I+ (6)在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接 be+ad.+of/for sb.to do sth..”,其中，It是形 动词不定式作定语，动词不定式用主动式或被 式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。且当形容 动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 词表达事物的特征时，其后用for sb.，而当形 There is nothing to worry/to be worried about. 容词表达人的特征或品质时，其后用ofsb.。 没什么可担心的。 It is generous of him to contribute so much. 2.动词不定式的否定形式：not/never to do 他贡献这么多，真是太慷慨了。 He seemed not to notice the man next to him. It is important for us students to work out on 他似乎没有注意到旁边的那个人。 a regular basis. We just send them out into the garden and tell 经常锻炼身体对我们学生很重要。 them not to come back in for a while. 》即学即用 我们只是把他们送到花园里，告诉他们暂时不 单句语法填空 要回来。 (1)It seemed a pity waste)so )即学即用 much time. 单句语法填空 (2) (say)is one thing and to do is (1)I would like you stay )over the another. weekend with me. (3)It is impossible learn)a (2)She is said do)this work for foreign language without making painstaking twenty years effort. (3)We have lots of difficulties (4) achieve)success requires (overcome)for the time being. determination and hard work. (4)I meant (finish)my work last (5)It is necessary for me face) night,but I didn't feel very well. the challenge in daily life. 064 完成句子 3.不定式作宾语 (6)背对着老师并拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 (1)特殊动词直接用不定式作宾语 to your teacher 英语中有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，该动 and refuse to answer questions. 词习惯上要用不定式形式，而不用动词-ing形 2.动词不定式作表语时需放在系动词后面，表示 式，这类动词（及短语动词）主要有： 将来的动作或起解释说明的作用。系动词主 三个希望两答应：hope,wish,want, 要是be类动词(am,is,are,was,were,been agree,promise 等)和表象类动词(seem,appear等)；主语常 两个要求莫拒绝：demand,ask,refuse 常是dream,wish,idea,plan,task,purpose, 设法学会做决定：manage,learn,decide aim,duty,job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义 不要假装在选择：pretend,choose 的词。 (2024·浙江1月卷)Even the biggest sausage (2024·九省联考)As prey animals,parrots are fan doesn't want to eat them every day. constantly watching out for danger and they 即使是最喜欢吃香肠的人也不想每天都吃。 instinctively react to risks.Their first choice is to (2024·九省联考)Upset but not discouraged by take flight. this event,Hilda decided to do some spying on 作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对 Maya. 风险作出反应。它们的第一选择是逃离。 希尔达对这件事感到沮丧，但并不气馁，她决 (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Campbel's point is to 定对玛雅进行一些监视活动。 wake up those responsible for AI-the (2)形式宾语 technology companies and world leaders-so they 在feel,find,make,think,consider等动词后， are on the same page as all the experts currently 如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用t作 developing it. 形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语 坎贝尔的观点是要唤醒那些对人工智能负责 的人—科技公司和世界领导人—以便他 之后。 们与目前开发人工智能的所有专家意见一致。 (2024·浙江1月卷)Having a poor sense of His dream is to become an astronaut. direction,Eva found it impossible to get around 他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。 in such a huge building. She seems to get along well with her new 由于方向感差，伊娃发现在这么大的建筑物里 走动是不可能的。 classmates. 她似乎和她的新同学相处得很好。 (3)作介词的宾语 》即学即用 不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。 单句语法填空 The teacher made no comments except to tell (1)He appears make)a significant him to work hard. breakthrough in his research. 老师除了叫他努力学习外，未做任何评价。 (2)My chief purpose is point)out He had no choice but to sit there as usual. the difficulties of the matter. 他没有什么选择，只能像往常一样坐在那里。 (3)What we need to do now is 》即学即用 finish)the task as soon as possible. 单句语法填空 (4)As we all know,to respect others is (1)He pretended not see)me (respect) when he passed by. 完成句子 (2)Finally we chose put)the (5)他希望能被这所大学录取。 second idea into practice. What he hoped (3)The teacher patiently explained how the university (do)the experiment. 065 (4)I feel it a great honor invite) Because he was absorbed in the book,he didn't to speak at the meeting before many notice me enter the room. students. -Because he was absorbed in the book,I 完成句子 wasn't noticed to enter the room (5)我答应给他买礼物，但我忘了。 他完全被这本书所吸引，没有注意到我进入 but I 房间。 forgot to. 》即学即用 4.不定式作宾语补足语 单句语法填空 (1 )ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allow,want, (1)Please allow me express my permit,warn,order,encourage,prefer,expect, thanks to you force,wish,beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、 (2)The teacher encouraged me 允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作 (take)part in the contest. 宾语补足语。 (3)My fluent English enables me Mom expected me to start crying,but I just sat there for a minute. (communicate)well with him. 妈妈以为我会开始哭，但我只是在那里坐了一 (4)Mr Rieder was invited make) 会儿。 a speech at the meeting. I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do,but 句型转换 I have made specific choices that allow me to (5)I saw her enter the room without saying a word. make the most of every day. →She without 我一天有和你一样的24小时，但我做出了具 saying a word.(被动语态) 体的选择，让我能够充分利用每一天。 5.不定式作定语 (2)believe,consider,declare,find,prove, 不定式作定语时，一般都放在被修饰的词后， suppose,think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、 表示一个将来的动作。不定式与被修饰词之 声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是“o 间存在主谓或动宾关系。 be”形式 动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后 She's proved herself to be a very reliable 面。动词不定式作定语的几种情况： worker. (1)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/,the only 她证明了自己是一名非常可靠的员工。 the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动 I believe him to be honest. 词不定式作定语。 我相信他是诚实的。 The last day to cancel registration and receive (3)在feel(一感)，hear/listen to(二听)，make a full refund is June 15. let/have(三让)，see/watch/notice,/observe(四 取消注册并获得全额退款的最后一天是6月 看)等使役动词和感官动词（短语）后，动词不 15日。 定式作宾语补足语时常省略t0。这些词在变 为被动语态时，o不能省略，此时动词不定式 The only way to pay for the groceries was to 作主语补足语。（一感二听三让四看半帮助， take off the things she could do without:a bottle 主动不to被动to) of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. Read a book,knit,do a crossword puzzle,or 支付这些商品的唯一方法是放下可以不买的 simply watch the world unfold outside the 东西：一瓶擦拭酒精和一块肥皂。 window. (2)抽象名词time,way,reason,chance, 看书、编织、做填字游戏，或者只是看看窗外的 opportunity,ability,promise,attempt等后常用 世界。 动词不定式作定语。 066 The researchers then tested the dogs'ability to6.不定式作状语 distinguish between human facial expressions (1)不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首、句中 by showing them the other half of the person's 和句尾，可以是todo,in order to do,so as to do face or images totally different from the ones used 等形式。 in training. (2024·浙江1月卷)Over several hours he 然后，研究人员通过向狗展示人脸的另一半或 would tell me about how he had attended a two- 与训练中使用的图像完全不同的图像来测试 狗区分人类面部表情的能力。 year professional school to quickly find a job The party also gives people a chance to see what building highways in order to help support his the new home looks like. family. 聚会还让人们有机会看看新家是什么样子的。 在几个小时的时间里，他会告诉我他是如何进 (3)something,nothing,anything等不定代词后 入一所两年制的专业学校，以便很快找到一份 常用动词不定式作定语。 修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口。 He wants us to stop seeing sleep as an Students will work in groups to complete four inconvenience, something to be gotten assignments during the course. through. 学生将在课程中以小组合作的形式完成四项 他希望我们不要再把睡眠看作是一种不便， 种需要克服的事情。 作业。 Do you have anything to say? (2)不定式作结果状语，常放在句尾，表示出 你有什么要说的吗？ 人意料的结果，常用only to do,enough to do, (4)动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发 too..todo.·,so/such..as to do等形式 生的动作。 (2024·浙江1月卷)Follow-up studies with the With a lot of work to deal with,the new children later in life showed a connection president will be busy in the following two between an ability to wait long enough to obtain weeks a second treat and various forms of success. 由于有很多工作要做，新总统在接下来的两周 对这些孩子以后生活的后续研究表明，等待足 内会很忙碌。 】即学即用 够长的时间以获得第二次奖励的能力与各种 单句语法填空 形式的成功之间存在联系。 (1)(2024·九省联考)Another way (2024·浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is encourage )healthy social interaction is by then too heavy to carry home or you can't use encouraging kids to use words-not fists-to what you've bought while it's still fresh express how they feel. 到时候要么你买的东西太重了，无法带回家， (2)It's said that the next train 要么你不能趁新鲜使用你买的东西。 (arrive)is from Washington. (3)不定式作原因状语，多放在句中，用于表 (3)Do you have anything say)on 示喜怒哀乐等心理活动或情绪、情感的词汇 the question? 后面。 (4)My wish visit)France has (2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers come true at last 完成句子 are happy to buy larger quantities,that's what (5)你有什么东西要带给你姐姐吗？ they'll promote. Do you have anything 如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他 your sister? 们就会推广。 067 》即学即用 完成句子 单句语法填空 (4)我来这里只是为了向你告别。 (1)For thousands of years,people have told fables I come here you. (寓言) teach)a lesson or to 四、“疑问词+不定式”结构 pass on wisdom. “疑问代词/副词/连词+不定式”结构在句中 (2)He ran so fast as catch)the 主要起名词的作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和同 first bus. 位语。 (3)Global warming is melting glaciers fast enough make)it the theme of the 夯基提能作业 year's World Environment Day. 请同学们认真完成练案[10] Section IⅢ Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing 自宝预习 ①词汇记忆 ⑩词块识记 1. ad.与此同时 区分；分辨 t.开发；利用；剥削 2 给…照相 3 t.把…载入正式记录；记录 意味着做某事 n.正式记录；日志；原木 4. 是…的家园 n.逮捕：拘留；中止t.逮捕；拘 5 采取行动 留；阻止 6 大量的 7.spill...into ①词汇认知 8.hunt for 1.directory n. 9.without mercy 2.gallon n. 10.log new species 3.marine adj. 11.have more options ⑩词汇拓展 ①句型感知 1.migrate vi..移动；移居；迁徙 1.Plastic pollution is also bad,killing many birds n.迁移；迁徙；移居 and fish,and has even been found in our tap 2.murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀 water. n.杀人犯；凶手 塑料污染也很严重，杀死了很多鸟和鱼，甚至 3.mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。 2.We need to understand what is happening to our ad.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 planet so that we can take action. 4.possess uf.拥有；具有；支配 我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样 n.（usually pl.)个人财产；拥 我们才能采取行动。 有；控制 3.Understanding more about the sea will also 5.oppose u.反对；抵制；与…对垒 help us manage its resources better. n.反对者；对手；竞争者 更多地了解海洋也将帮助我们更好地管理它 ad.反对的；截然不同的 的资源。