UNIT 3 Section IV 写作指导-【成才之路·练案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

V.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲人 为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。 1.B空格前一句谈到在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本 句承接上一句的内容，为了让食物（肉）保存久一点，人们就 将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来。 2.E第一段谈到欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料， 商人就从亚洲通过陆路运到欧洲；空格后一句用But转折，谈 到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难了。因 此，本句要起承上启下的作用，E项符合语境。 3.F本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西 海岸。设空处解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他 们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道。 4.D空格前一句谈到Bartolomeu Dias已经航行到了非洲东海 岸，但是他遇到了海上风暴，本句承接上文，在他回航的时候， 他看见了一块突出在海上的陆地。D项中的“return'”与空格 前一句中的“made him tum back”相呼应。 5.A空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家Vasco da Gama绕过好 望角到达了印度洋，只有A项能承接这个句子的意义。A项 中的“the next year'”与空格前一句中的“n1497”存在先后 关系。 VI.One possible version: Recently,we have had a class meeting on sea exploration. Students have divided opinions about it. Firstly,some think it important to explore the sea because we can have a better understanding of the marine ecosystem. Secondly,they believe sea exploration makes it possible to find new resources.However,others view that it has caused serious pollution.Last but not least,they believe the over-exploration of the sea will lead to increasingly bad results. In my opinion,it's necessary to carry on sea exploration and we must keep a balance between sea exploration and sea conservation. 练案[12] I.语篇导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了RRS Sir David Attenborough号极地科考船在南极的任务，即探索海冰如何影响 全球海洋中营养物质和碳的循环，以及研究人员使用自主水下 航行器进行探索的情况。 1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“..currently on an Antarctic task to find out how sea ice influences the cycle of nutrients and carbon in the world's oceans..”可知，极地科考船 RRS Sir David Attenborough号在南极执行任务是为了研究海 冰如何影响世界海洋中营养物质和碳的循环。 2.C推理判断题。根据第三段“这艘船从A23a巨型冰山（一 个科学术语)周围采集了样本。现存最大的冰山面积近4,000 平方千米，大约相当于大伦敦的两倍，重达近一万亿公吨，高 出海面1,312英尺”内容可推知，本次探险科学家们最关心的 是剩下的冰山还有多大。 2 3.A段落大意题。根据第五段中“At COP28,billions and billions were promised to fund global...More than 130 countries agreed to deal with emissions in agriculture,with 118 promising to triple renewables too.”可推知，第五段讲述的是各个国家都承 诺为全球气候解决方案提供资金，也就是全世界人民都愿意 共同努力以解决气候危机。 4.A推理判断题。根据第五段中“Of course,one iceberg floating into warmer waters and melting is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the climate crisis.”以及第六段“But more needs to be done.Forget the A23a iceberg being a threat to shipping.lt's a sign we may be all sunk.”可知，作者认为威胁人 类的危机还有很多，冰山消融只是其中一个而已。故推知， “不雨则已，雨则倾盆”能说明作者的态度。 Ⅱ. 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了环球旅行的 历史以及著名人物费迪南德·麦哲伦。 1.since考查连词。空处为句型“It has been+一段时间+ since”,表示“自从…以来多久了”。 2.was started考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句 谓语，与主语构成被动关系，根据空后的“but he never saw it finished”可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为 joumey,谓语用单数。 3.to take考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.表示“鼓励 某人做某事”。 4.completely考查副词。空处修饰动词show,作状语，应用副 词形式。 5.where/and考查定语从句或连问。空处可理解为非限制性 定语从句修饰先行词Spain,在从句中作地点状语，用where引 导；也可理解为前后文为并列关系，用连词and。 6.being led考查非谓语动词。短语feel like doing sth.,表示 “喜欢做某事”，空处动词lead用动词-ing形式作宾语，与主语 sailors构成被动关系，故用being done形式。 7.death考查名词。空处被名词所有格Magellan's修饰，作介词 After的宾语，应用名词形式death,为不可数名词. 8.mapped考查时态。根据上文“traveled across a new ocean and”可推知，空处为一般过去时。 9.wose考查比较级。or连接前后相同的成分或结构，根据 better可知，空处也用比较级形式。 10.a考查冠词。空后名词spacecraft为单数，且是发音以辅音 音素开头的单词，故填冠词a。 IlI.One possible version: However,what we saw shocked us.Plastic bags and single- use containers littered the beaches,and we could hardly see any undersea creature in the once crystal-clear sea.To make matters worse,the water was dark and difficult to see through.Because of the unpleasant smell,we had to cover our noses.With tears blurring our vision,we desperately wondered what had happened to our beloved village.Looking at our anxious faces,Grandfather 6 sighed with his head bowed.He said it was those visitors who brought massive amounts of rubbish,which caused severe pollution and changed our beautiful village completely. Hearing Grandfather's words,we couldn't wait to do something to tackle the pollution.Without hesitation,Sirin and I took off our shoes and walked near the sea to collect the rubbish with our bare hands.Seeing what we were doing,our family and some villagers joined us in our efforts.I also pulled out my mobile phone and took photos of the rubbish floating on the surface of the sea.By posting those images on social media,I hoped more people could be aware of the pollution and lend a helping hand too.Much to our relief,our joint efforts made a difference.The seaside became clean once more,and the breeze from the sea smelled fresh and sweet again. 写作指导： 1.通读全文，把握原文要领 体裁：记叙文 故事主线和线索： (1)作者兄妹两人从小在海边乡村快乐地长大，但是后 来被父母带到城市，接受更优良的教育，然而兄妹俩怀念乡 村惬意的生活，返回乡村寻找童年的快乐。 (2)续写线索： 震惊—一看到游客带来的海边垃圾—一决定解决污染 问题—一捡拾垃圾—一村民帮忙—一把照片发到网上进行 倡议——恢复了乡村的美丽 2.细读段首句，推测故事情节 (1)由续写第一段首句内容“然而，我们看到的一切令 我们震惊。”可知，续写第一段可描写作者兄妹俩发现海边到 处都是垃圾，爷爷解释说是游客带来的。 (2)由续写第二段首句内容“听到爷爷的话，我们迫不 及待地想做点什么来解决污染问题。”可知，续写第二段可描 写作者兄妹俩下海检拾垃圾，带动了周边村民参与其中。兄 妹俩还将他们清理垃圾的图片发到网上，倡议游客注意保持 环境卫生，恢复了海边乡村的美丽。 练案[13] I.1.from/against 2.away 3.reading 4.to 5.when 6.from 7.to win 8.to have 9.to mention 10.a II.1.a chorus of 2.not to mention 3.was dying to 4.turning dark gradually 5.was taking when Ⅲ.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Eradajere Oleita建立了the Chip Bag Project,回收空著片袋子，将 其制成睡袋，送给无家可归的人，她的努力取得了一定的效果， 在某种程度上缓解了垃圾和贫穷问题。 l.B细节理解题。根据第一段“...is asking for a favor of local snack lovers:Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash,donate them..”可知，Oleita让零食爱好者把空薯片袋 捐赠给她。 2 2.D细节理解题。根据第三段“The result is a sleeping bag that is‘waterproof,lightweight and easy to carry around.”可知，这种 睡袋是便于携带的。 3.A推理判断题。根据第四段“‘We are devoted to making an impact not only socially,but environmentally,'she says.”可知， Oleita希望the Chip Bag Project不仅在社会上，而且在环境上 产生影响，因此，该项目的目的不仅仅是解决社会问题 4.C推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Oleita希望能在一定程度 上解决国家垃圾和贫困的问题，并且想到把空薯片袋变成无 家可归者的睡袋，可推测她是有责任心且有创造力的。 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Doy Sih长期致力于做好事，通过给陌生而又需要帮助的人送礼物 来庆祝自己的生日，并成立Love in Action这一组织，倡导人们 力所能及地去帮助他人。 5.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Dorry Smith got on her blog the standard well-wishes on her 61st birthday,yet she got some unusual messages too.One was about...Could Dorry help the mother?”可知，Dorry在61岁生日那天收到的不寻常的信息是 别人的求助请求。 6.C推理判断题。根据第二段中“When she got the note about the Bush family,she sent a wind chime()with the message Listen to the wind and know that I am here with you'written on t.”可知，Doy送给这位母亲一个风铃，并附信“倾听风声，知 道我与你同在”，由此可推知，Doy送风铃是想传达“你并不 孤单”这样一个信息。 7.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“For her54 th birthday,she founded Love in Action,an organization committed to doing something good in her city.Its aim is simple:Do Your Best;Show Your Love!”可推知，Love in Action这一组织的主要目的是教 导他人要乐于助人。 8.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Dorry pays for everything herself...Her family often gives her some extra birthday cash with a serious waming against spending it on anyone else,which she natural山y ignores.”可推知，Dory的家人给她警告的原因是：她 总是把生日礼物送给别人。 IV. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公益旅行的 定义、发展情况以及人们参加公益旅行的原因和公益旅行中存 在的争议等内容。 1.G空处与下一句分别从旅行和公益志愿服务两个方面说明 公益旅行者所从事的活动，故G项符合语境。下文中的 “they”与G项中的“People”的对应关系也是提示。 2.E根据上文中的“in the past few years voluntourism has been one of the fastest--growing areas of tourism”可知，此处应是对“公 益旅行是近几年旅游业中发展最快的领域之一”的具体说明，练案[12] UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION Section IV 写作指导 I.阅读理解 But more needs to be done.Forget the A23a (2025·浙南名校联盟高二模拟) iceberg being a threat to shipping.It's a sign we The polar research vessel (RRS Sir may be all sunk. David Attenborough,which will always be thought1.What is the purpose of RRS Sir David of by some as Boaty McBoatface,is currently on an Attenborough's exploration? Antarctic task to find out how sea ice influences the A.To be thought highly of as Boaty McBoatface. cycle of nutrients and carbon in the world's oceans. B.To study the impact of the sea ice in circulation. The 12 researchers on board are using C.To record the cycle of nutrients and carbon autonomous underwater vehicles to explore huge globally. areas of free-floating sea ice.This will help us D.To stand out as one of the best research better understand how climate change is impacting vessels in the world. organisms from microscopic plankton ()2.What was this exploration most concerned about? to penguins and orcas. A.The width of warm waters. The vessel collected samples from around the B.The shape of main ice shelf. A23a mega iceberg(a scientific term).The largest C.The size of remaining iceberg. iceberg in existence is almost 4,000 sq km,roughly D.The weight of free-floating iceberg. equal to an area twice the size of Greater London,3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? weighing close to a trillion metric tonnes andA.Joint efforts were made to fix the climate crisis. towering up to 1,312 feet above the sea. B.COP28 made a difference to the climate crisis. It originally broke away from a main ice shelf C.The climate crisis will be solved in the near connected to Antarctica in 1986,but had remained future. stuck against the seabed ever since.Now,A23a is D.The melting of iceberg is just the start of the drifting into the Southern Ocean. climate crisis. Of course,one iceberg floating into warmer4.How can we describe the author's attitude waters and melting is just the tip of the iceberg according to the text? when it comes to the climate crisis.At COP28, A.It never rains but it pours. billions and billions were promised to fund global B.Facts speak louder than words. climate solutions,especially in developing nations. C.Where there is global community,there is More than 130 countries agreed to deal with "-H a way. emissions in agriculture,with 118 promising to D.When the exploring stops,the destroying can triple renewables too. too. Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025·德阳高二模拟) It has been over 500 years 1. the first journey around the earth.Long before the invention of trains and planes,many thought it was impossible.It nearly was.The journey 2. (start)by a Portuguese explorer,Ferdinand Magellan,but he never saw it finished. Magellan was following in the footsteps of explorers like Christopher Columbus.He'd traveled from Spain to America in 1492 and encouraged others 3.take)to the seas.But Magellan's journey was even more daring.It was a journey around the whole world that would 4.(complete)show the still-questioned idea that the world was not flat,but round. In 1519,Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain,5. he got support from the Spanish King.But Spanish sailors didn't feel like 6.(lead)by a Portuguese man. —157 After fighting storms,losing ships and many of his men turning against him and returning home, Magellan was killed in the Philippines by local people. After Magellan's 7.(die),his group continued in the only ship that was left.Along the way,they traveled across a new ocean and 8.(map)new paths for European trade.For better or 9. (bad),they had made the way for modern world trade and proved that the earth was round. The passage Magellan's team went through,between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,was named after him:the Strait of Magellan.His influence on the world did not end there.In 1989,NASA named 10. spacecraft after the explorer and sent it to Venus(). Ⅲ.读后续写 late it was.What we loved most was the 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头convenience of not needing to wash the dishes after 语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 eating,as they were all disposable,designed for (2025·揭阳高二检测) single use. “Judy,hurry up！Let's go to the beach!”That However,deep within us,we sometimes was a familiar morning call from my older brother,longed for the simple pleasures of village life.We Sirin.Hearing that,I would spring up quickly and were told by our grandparents that more and more we would set off on our journey.Raised by our tourists flooded into the village,which strengthened grandparents in Savanna,we experienced our our desire to return.So,when the eagerly-awaited happiest moments there.Nestled between the summer vacation arrived this year,we finally made mountains and the sea,with its lush green trees,our dream trip back to our childhood paradise.After crystal-like ocean,and clear blue sky,Savannagreeting our grandparents with hugs and smiles,we was like a small village from a fairy tale. eagerly headed towards the sun-kissed seaside to Sirin and I often enjoyed the gentle sea breeze relive our cherished memories. as we explored the breathtaking coast,with the 注意： endless,open water beside us and the vast,clear 1.续写词数应为150左右； sky overhead.We felt a sense of freedom to wander 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 the sandy beach or experience the excitement of However,what we saw shocked us. sailing out to sea,delighting in the awe-inspiring beauty of nature's wonders.When we grew tired, leisurely walking on the soft,warm sands to collect unique,fascinating seashells brought us a different kind of peaceful joy.The friendly,warmhearted villagers treated us like family,often sharing their freshly-caught seafood with us. Three years later,we were taken away from the village to receive a better education by our Hearing Grandfather's words,we couldn't wait parents.Occupied with our study,we rarely visited to do something to tackle the pollution. our beloved grandparents,only calling them occasionally.We gradually adapted to the fast- paced city life and found it more efficient and convenient.Whenever we had an appetite for seafood,our dad would simply order it through his phone,and it would be delivered to our doorstep within minutes.In addition to seafood,we could order anything our hearts desired,no matter how 158