UNIT 1 Section IV 写作指导-【成才之路·练案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

练案[4] UNIT I SCIE Section IV I.阅读理解 Reshaping the world for a fossil fuel-free future means working quickly.Climate scientists say carbon emissions must reach the highest point by 2025 to minimize environmental damage.And by designing computational materials together with makers who can build and test them quickly, scientists can rapidly develop technologies like more powerful solar cells and car batteries. Michael is the name of a supercomputer devoted to just one task-discovering the ultimate battery system.Researchers at University College London will use Michael to digitally build and test prototypes()in every new material and type of cell possible to improve battery life,performance and price. Finding a resilient(弹性的)design for solid- state batteries would be a huge breakthrough for electric vehicles and energy storage.Lighter, longer-lasting and cheaper solid-state technology could vastly improve vehicle range and charging time.And the energy from solar and wind power could be more efficiently stored until ready for use. Scientists working in the US and the UK led the way in the 1970s in developing the lithium-ion (锂离子)battery used in today's electric cars, laptops and cameras.But commercial units were only developed once a Japanese electronics giant pushed the technology forward for mass production. Partnerships between companies and universities could ultimately crack solid-state battery design. Oxford University and some companies are looking to win the international race to create a durable product.But they are only one among many. Replacing liquid used in lithium-ion batteries with a solid conductor may take large digital processing.Electric vehicle makers are working with a computer giant to find successful designs that may include cheap and plentiful materials found in seawater.An electric vehicle maker is partnering NCE FICTION 写作指导 with NASA to open a solid-state battery plant that uses no rare or expensive metals.The plan is to create a large database of materials that can be mixed and matched for the best combinations. But computational materials may be needed in virtually every industry.And by rapidly classifying millions of substances on their ability to conduct electricity,their toughness,or the way they reflect light,AI and supercomputers can speed up the process of creating materials for just about anything. 1.What message does paragraph 1 convey? A.It's too fast to design computational materials. B.It's too late to reshape the fossil fuel-free world. C.Developing green energy can reduce carbon emissions. D.Developing technology can speed up carbon emissions. 2.What are solid-state batteries expected to be like? A.Heavy and solid. B.Light but breakable. C.Less-costly and workable. D.Expensive but efficient. 3.Why does the author mention Oxford University in paragraph 4? A.To show the weakness of mass production. B.To show the good trend of the cooperation. C.To show the difficulty of the battery design. D.To show the development of British technology. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A.Michael Is Devoted to Storing Solar Energy B.Companies and NASA Will Push Technology Forward C.Electric Vehicle Makers Are Struggling to Solve Air Pollution D.Supercomputers and AI Can Create Future Low-carbon Industries Ⅱ.语法填空 Chinese science-fiction writer Liu Cixin met with his Russian readers during Russian Creative Week via video link on Sunday,1. (share)his views on writing science fiction,the development of science and technology in the future. Liu also said that he was working on his new book but it might take some time to finish."Probably a year 2. two,”Liu said.. Liu made a 3.(compare)of science fictions from different times."Science fictions in the past had a broad vision 4.(most)describing space and the universe,and 5. (it) eyes were focused on the stars.Nowadays,science fictions focus on realistic 6. problem), such as gender and race discrimination,environmental pollution and so on,"Liu said. Liu,7. is 58,said that he is trying to adapt his fiction for films and TV except for literary writing.US streaming platform Netflix announced in September 2020 that it 8. order)an English-language series based 9. Liu's well-known trilogy The Three-Body Problem.He wants the series 10. (be)attractive and well-made."As long as the series will be interesting,I don't care how much the series change my book,he noted. Ⅲ.读后续写 Suddenly it felt real.The eggs were alive! 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头 Surely they had to live! 语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 For the next three weeks,I was completely For my fifth-grade science fair project,I got consumed with the growing of chicks.I labeled the six chicken eggs in an incubator(孵化器). eggs A,B,C,D,E and F,but before long they "But I don't know anything about hatching had names,too:Abby,Bonnie,Clyde,Dexter, an egg.” Eunice and Florence.Every day I weighed them, Mrs.Brubeck smiled."You don't have to be an candled them,turned them.I drew diagrams of immediate expert at everything,Juli.The idea here various stages of an embryo's development.I is to learn something new. documented the daily changes and weight loss of “But what if they die?” each egg.On the outside the eggs were boring,but "Then they die.Document your work I knew what was happening inside! scientifically and you'll still get an A.She pulled 注意： The Beginner's Guide to Raising Chickens from her 1.续写词数应为150左右； bookshelf and said,"Read the book and set 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 yourself up tonight.” Then one morning I was candling Bonnie when That night I came home,more worried than I noticed a gentle peck() ever.I'd read the book.I had to turn the eggs three times a day and regulate the temperature and humidity(湿度).But aside from that,what was there to do? My father came with a cardboard tube and a flashlight.He taped the two together so that the light beam was forced straight out the tube."I will The day came when I was supposed to hand in show you how to candle the eggs,"he said,then my science fair project. switched off the light and held an egg up to the cardboard tube."The light lets you see through the shell so you can watch the embryo(胚胎)develop. Look,see the dark spot here?" “Is that an embryo?” “That'sit！” 13513.B尽管兄弟俩现在正在亭受他们的成功，但这一年对于创 业来说并不容易。satisfaction满意；success成功：seafood海 鲜；stage阶段。 14.C句意：不过他们一直保持积极的态度。根据上下文语境， 可判断是转折关系。however然而，一般放于句首；therefore 因此；though尽管，不过；otherwise否则。 15.D根据上文不过他们一直保持积极的态度和前文产品的销 量，可知应是积极反响。absurd荒谬的；particular特别的； negative负面的；positive积极的。 V.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工智能已 经不知不觉地融入了我们的日常生活。 1.be impressed考查语态。空处在句中为谓语，表示“你可能 会被智能量子计算机MOSS所吸引”，be impressed by“对 印象深刻”，所以此处用被动语态，结合空前情态动词mgt。 故填be impressed。 2.the考查冠词。句意：事实上，像MOSS这样强大的人工智 能，暂时在现实中是不存在的。for the time being“暂时”。故 填theo 3.which考查定语从句。空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语 从句，先行词为weaker Al,在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 which。故填which。 4.operations考查词性转换和名词的数。a range of“许多”，后 接名词，所以空处用名词复数operations,作宾语。故填 operations。 5.has released考查时态和主谓一致。空处在句中为谓语，结 合句中lately可知，时态用现在完成时；主语Open AI为单数， 所以助动词用has。故填has released。 6.moe考查比较级。根据句中than和空前much可知，此处用 比较级，表示“使得人机交互比以往任何时候都更加人性化和 智能化”。故填more。 7.ts考查代词。形容词修饰名词，所以空处用形容词性物主 代词its,修饰名词release。故填itso 8.why考查名词性从句。asto“至于，关于”为介词短语，所以 其后为宾语从句，根据句中“users think it can display simple results content according to searching keywords”解释了ChatGPT 如此受欢迎的原因，因而此处用连接副词why。故填why。 9.capability考查名词。根据空前the可知，此处用名词 capability,作宾语。故填capability。 10.that考查状语从句。本句使用了“so...that..”的结果状 语从句，空处及之后的内容为结果，所以此处用that。故填 thato VI.One possible version: Dear Tom, Knowing that you take a keen interest in The Wandering Earth,I am more than delighted.Now let me introduce it to you. Adapted from the novel written by Liu Cixin,this film gained great popularity.Not only are we attracted by its writer Liu -19 Cixin winning Hugo Award in 2015,but its plot is also appealing.In this film,the Earth is faced with the greatest challenge.People don't abandon it but save it,wandering in the universe with it. This Chinese science fiction is great and makes us realize the importance of protecting our Earth. Yours, Li Hua 练案[4] I. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利用超级计 算机和人工智能设计新能源固态电池的美好前景。 l.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Climate scientists say carbon emissions must reach the highest point...scientists can rapidly develop technologies like more powerful solar cells and car batteries.”可知，科学家们迅速开发出更强大的太阳能电池和 汽车电池是为了减少碳排放；因此可推知，发展绿色能源可以 减少碳排放。 2.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Lighter,longer-lasting and cheaper solid-state technology could vastly improve vehicle range and charging time.”可知，固态电池被期待成本更低并且 实用有效。 3.B推理判断题。根据第四段中“Partnerships between companies and universities could ultimately crack solid-state battery design..But they are only one among many.”可知，作者 提及牛津大学是为了表明大学和公司合作破解固态电池设计 难题成了一种良好的趋势。 4.D标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段内容可知，本文 主要说明人工智能和超级计算机可以加速推动低碳产业的发 展，所以本文的最佳标题为D项“人工智能和超级计算机可 以创造未来的低碳产业”。 Ⅱ. 语篇导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了《三 体》的作者刘慈欣通过视频与俄罗斯读者见面，分享了他对科幻 小说写作和未来科技发展的看法。 1.sharing考查非谓语动词。句意：周日，中国科幻作家刘慈欣 在俄罗斯创意周期间通过视频与俄罗斯读者见面，分享了他 对科幻小说写作和未来科技发展的看法。主句主语Chinese science-fiction writer Liu Cixin与share之间存在主动关系，所 以用现在分词作状语。 2.or考查固定搭配。句意：刘慈欣还表示，他正在写自己的新 书，但可能需要一些时间才能完成。“可能一两年，”刘慈欣 说。a year or two“一两年”。 3.comparison考查名词。句意：刘慈欣对不同时代的科幻小说 进行了比较。根据空前的a和空后介词of可知，空处为名词 形式，且应用单数。 6 4.most山y考查副词。句意：过去的科幻小说视野广阔，主要描 述太空和宇宙，目光集中在星星上。修饰动词describe用副 词形式，mostly意为“主要地”。 5.ts考查代词。句意：过去的科幻小说视野广阔，主要描述太 空和宇宙，目光集中在星星上。名词eyes前用形容词性物主 代词。 6.problems考查名词的数。句意：如今，科幻小说关注的是现 实问题，如性别和种族歧视、环境污染等。此处用名词 problem作宾语，problem为可数名词，根据下文“gender and race discrimination,environmental pollution and so on”可知，为 许多方面的问题，所以用名词的复数形式 7.who考查定语从句。句意：现年58岁的刘慈欣表示，他正在 尝试将自己的小说改编成电影和电视剧，而不是文学创作。 句中先行词为u,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，所以用 关系代词who引导。 8.had ordered考查动词的时态。句意：美国流媒体平台Netflix 于2020年9月宣布，已订购一部根据刘慈欣著名三部曲《三 体》改编的英文电视剧。根据主句谓语动词announced可知， 主句发生在过去，而从句动作又发生在announced之前，所以 用过去完成时。 9.on考查介词。句意：美国流媒体平台Netflix于2020年9月 宣布，已订购一部根据刘慈欣著名三部曲《三体》改编的英文 电视剧。be based on“以…为基础”。 10.tobe考查非谓语动词。句意：他希望这个系列具有吸引 力，制作精良。want sb./sth.todo想要某人/某物做，所以 want之后的宾语补足语，用动词不定式形式。 II.One possible version: Then one morning I was candling Bonnie when I noticed a gentle peck().Was it coming out?I called my parents and the three of us crowded around,watching Bonnie pip.His little beak cracked through,and while I held my breath and waited, he rested.And rested.Finally its beak poked through again.After what seemed a long time,Bonnie broke out of the shell first. Then came the others.They were wet,weak and ugly at first sight,but soon they became fluffy.It was absolutely amazing. The day came when I was supposed to hand in my science fair project.I packed up all my chickens,documents and charts and got a ride to school.These beautiful little things caught immediate attention.“You've got six alive！The record is three!” Mrs.Brubeck was quite impressed.The whole class stuck around for a whole morning,asking various questions.I shared with them the process as well as the joy of witnessing a new life coming into this world.What an experience! 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的 科学展览项目孵化鸡蛋实验。对于自己的“孵蛋”有，点担 心，阅读了老师给的关于孵蛋的书籍，跟着书里的方法做。 爸爸帮忙制作的电子灯管可以让作者看到鸡蛋里的胚胎，这 -19 让作者感到很神奇。于是作者开始认真对待这些蛋，起名 字，做记录。终于小鸡孵化出来了，作者很兴奋。当作者将 这些成果一并带到学校里时，老师和同学们都很激动。这对 于作者来说是一次很特别的经历。 写作指导 1.段落续写： (I)由第一段首句内容“Then one morning I was candling Bonnie when I noticed a gentle peck.(一天早上，我在给 Bonnie做烛光检查时，注意到‘他'轻轻地啄了一下。)”可 知，第一段可描写小鸡一只一只的孵化出来的过程，以及作 者的感受。 (2)由第二段首句内容“The day came when I was supposed to hand in my science fair project.(我应该交科学展 览项目的那一天终于到来了。)”可知，第二段可描写作者带 着孵化成果到校后老师的反应，同学们的反应。 2.续写线索：第一只小鸡Bonnie要孵化一作者和家人 围在一旁焦急等待—Bonnie缓慢孵化的过程一小鸡孵 化出生后的状态—一作者带着孵化成果去学校—一老师的 称赞——同学们的好奇—作者对于这次经历的感受 3.词汇激活 行为类 (1)出来：come out/go out/get out/,break out of (2)呼叫/呼喊：cal/shout at/shout to/yel (3)围着：crowd around/.surround (4)骑车：get a ride/ride a bike/ride (5)吸引：catch attention/draw attention/attract/appeal 情绪类 (1)震惊的：amazing/narvelous/remarkable (2)开心：joy/delight/pleasure 4.高分句型 (1)I called my parents and the three of us crowded around, watching Bonnie pip.(现在分词作伴随状语) (2)After what seemed a long time,Bonnie broke out of the shell first..(what引导的宾语从句)》 练案[5] I.1.on 2.bakery 3.jointly 4.foundation 5.political 6.Located 7.entitled 8.vibration 9.political 10.freedom II.1.to protect themselves during the earthquake 2.in which Zhou Enlai used to live 3.It's said that life is a long race 4.While communicating with foreign friends . 语篇导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国的四座 建筑。 l.A细节理解题。根据Gothic Temple,Stowe Gardens部分 中t的“Visitors to Stowe Gardens will be offered a rare chance to see inside the 18 th century Gothic Temple.”可知，Gothic Temple,Stowe Gardens会吸引建筑爱好者。