UNIT 4 Section II Discovering Useful Structures-【成才之路·学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

079 Section II Discovering Useful Structures ●语法概览 构成 have/has+been+doing 现 表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在 在 表示动作刚刚结束 成 用法 表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作 行 时 表达较重的感情色彩 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 ●语法精讲 I have been painting the door,so my hands are 一、现在完成进行时的构成 very dirty l.肯定形式：have/has+been doing 我一直在给门刷漆，所以我的手很脏。 2.否定形式：have/has+not+been doing 3.表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行的 3.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been doing?? 动作或存在的状态。 I have been working as a secretary in a She has been phoning Jim every night for two company since I graduated from university. weeks. 我从大学毕业后就一直在一家公司当秘书。 两个星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 He hasn't been using the car for the last two Jack has been practicing Tai Chi for more than months. a year. 过去两个月他一直没用车。 杰克练太极一年多了。 Has Lucy been writing a novel in her spare 4.表达某种感情色彩。 time? She has been persuading me to give up the 露西业余时间一直在写小说吗？ plan. 二、现在完成进行时的用法 她一直在劝我放弃这个计划。（不耐烦） 1.表示动作从过去某个时刻开始，一直持续到现 You have been daydreaming but never make an 在，还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。 effort. I have been waiting for an hour,but she hasn't 你一直在做白日梦，却从不努力。（指责） come yet. 》温餐提示 我都等了一个小时了，但是她还没来。 (1)某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能 She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE recently. 用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成 她最近在熬夜准备（美国）研究生入学资格 时，如hear,know,have,like,be等。 考试。 他已经感冒两个星期了。 2.表示刚刚结束的动作，这种意义通常根据上下 (x )He has been having a cold for two 文来判断。 weeks. I have been playing badminton all morning,so (V)He has had a cold for two weeks. I'm sweating heavily. (2)不具有延续意义的动词，如finish,come, 整个上午我一直在打羽毛球，所以我浑身 go,mary等，也不能用于现在完成进 是汗。 行时。 060 三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 朱莉娅去图书馆了。 1.现在完成进行时往往强调动作的延续，现在完3.现在完成进行时含感情色彩，现在完成时通常 成时往往强调动作的完成。 只陈述事实。 They have been widening the road. I have been waiting for you for two hours. 他们一直在加宽马路。（但尚未完工）》 我一直在等你，等了两个小时。（表示不满） They have widened the road. I have waited for you for two hours. 他们加宽了马路。（已完工） 我已经等了你两个小时了。（说明一个事实） 2.现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完4.表示状态、感觉或情感的动词，如see,feel, 成时表示的动作常常不带重复性。 know,love等，可用于现在完成时，但不可用 Julia has been going to the library for a year. 于现在完成进行时。 朱莉娅这一年经常去图书馆。 We have known each other for many years. Julia has gone to the library. 我们彼此已经认识好多年了。 语法精练 I.单句语法填空 Ⅱ.完成句子 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Norman Stienwand,who1.几周以来，我一直在思考一个更大、更深层次 farms in that area, 的问题：我们如何让他们养成这种习惯？ (address)public meetings on this issue for years For weeks,I a bigger, 2.（2023·全国乙卷)ButI deeper question:How do we make it a habit for write )all of my life.And to answer your them? question,life has been treating me excellently. 3.(2022·新高考I卷)People 2.事实上，传统也指那些一直在发展和仍在被创 (bring)their children in to see the hens 造的事物。 and residents come and sit outside to watch In fact,tradition also refers to the things that them. and that 4.1 studying)for the exam all week,and I feel exhausted. 3.语言的出现和消失已经有几千年的历史了，但 5.She work)on this 在近代，语言的出现越来越少，消失越来越多。 project since last month,and she still hasn't Languages for finished it. thousands of years,but in recent times there has 6.They wait)for the bus been less coming and a lot more going for over an hour,but it still hasn't arrived. 4.中国修建了更多的公路，使人们从一个地方去 7.He play video games 另一个地方旅行更加方便了。 all afternoon,and his eyes are tired. 8.We (discuss)the issue for hours,but we still can't reach a conclusion. making it much easier for people to travel from 9.He (learn)Chinese for one place to another. two years,and he can now hold a basic conversation. 5.他来了！从昨天晚上开始我们就一直在焦急 10.She read)that book 地等待。 for three hours,and she still hasn't finished it. Here he is！ since last night. 081 6.这场森林大火到现在已经烧了几十天了。 time,it was hard to catch up with other students. Until now After going to high school,I4 (stay)up for dozens of days. late into the night and 5 get)up early Ⅲ.阅读下面文章，在空白处填上括号内单词的 in the morning.I 6 write)two 正确形式 compositions every day.I think I should spare no My wish is to go to a key university.I 1. effort to improve my English and achieve my study)for many years.But I am poor in dream. English since I went to junior school.My English 夯基提能作业 teacher told me to insist on listening and writing.I 请同学们认真完成练案[14] 2. learn)English every morning to improve it.Because I 3 waste)a lot of Section IⅢl Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing 自委预习 ①词汇记忆 2.fortunately ad.幸运地 1. ad山深入的；彻底的；细致的 ad.不幸地；遗憾地 2. n.家具 n.运气；财富 3. i.&n.（狗)吠叫；吠叫声 ad山.幸运的 4 a山.潮湿的；湿气重的 3.recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏 5. ad山.公司的；法人的；社团的 ad山.娱乐的；消遣的 6. n.候选人；应试者 4.guidance n.指导；引导；导航 7. n.（人生的)一段经历；（小说 t.指引；引导n.导游 的)片段；插曲 5.advertise vt..&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 n.广告活动；广告业 8. n.动机；原因；目的 n.广告 ①词汇认知 6.rough ad山.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 1.rugby n. ad.粗略地；汹涌地 2.bat n. vi.&t.用球板击球； 7.loyal ad山.忠诚的；忠实的 挥打；拍打 n.忠诚；忠实 3.nephew n. 8.commitment n.承诺：保证；奉献 4.navigator n. .做出（错或非法的事）；犯 5.motor n. adj. (罪或错等)；承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或 6.Confucianism n. 遵从安排等) ⑩词汇拓展 a山.尽心尽力的：坚定的 1.cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 W词块识记 n.残忍；残酷 生火 ad.残酷地；残忍地 放出（热、光、气味或气体）单元素养评价 I.1.starve for starve to death starve to do sth.starvation 2.…的趋势，倾向……的最新潮流时尚潮流 3.restrict...to.·限制/约束自己/某人不越出…的范围 restricted be restricted to...restriction restrictive 4.harmony in harmony with和谐地 5.submit oneself to submit..to..屈服于；提交；服从 屈服，投降；提交 6.be sensitive to...be sensitive about... 感知某事，察觉 到某事make sense 7.tolerate(sb.)doing sth.tolerant容忍/宽容某人/某事 tolerance II.1.in effect 2.along with 3.have an impact on 4.refer to 5.result in6.all over the world7.…的数量 8.代表（代替）某人9.许多：很多10.遭受：患病 11.贡献；是…的原因之一12.最终；结果 13.开展：实施 Ⅲ.一、间接引语连接词人称时态状语个别指示代词 动词 IV.1.There is little doubt that 2.Without this process 3.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives 4.with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river 5.it is believed that 6.causing a decrease in the number of fish species UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Section I Listening and Speaking, Reading and Thinking 自主预习 词汇记忆 1.adversity 2.wage 3.bitter 4.expedition 5.aboard 6.sink 7.abandon 8.voyage 9.navy 10.decent 11.cosy 12.selfish 13.genuine 14.crew 词汇认知 1.精力；力量；活力2.橱柜：壁橱；衣柜 3.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员：服务员 4.毁坏：压坏：压碎拥挤的人群5.炉具：厨房灶具 6.毯子7.班卓琴（乐器）8.脾气好的/坏的 词汇拓展 1.endure endurable 2.qualify qualification 3.enthusiasm 4.assignment 5.envious 6.belong 7.misery 8.perseverance perseverant 9.resolution 词块识记 1.turn sb.down 2.dream of 3.be enthusiastic about 4.出发：启程5.困在6.扔掉：浪费掉7.令某人惊讶的是 8.保持精神的高涨9.越来越糟糕10.成功做到 11.坚持；抓住（不放）12.华竟 课文预读 -、1.C2.C 二、1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B 18 要点探究 核心词汇 1.(1)beyond (2)being defeated (3)enduring the poor living conditions 2.(1)to (2)out (3)down (4)up (5)over (6)turning over in bed from time to time 3.(1)qualified (2)for (3)qualification (4)to drive (5)qualified for the job qualified to do the job 4.(1)enthusiasm (2)about (3)were more enthusiastic about traveling (4)with enthusiasm/enthusiastically 5.(1)assignment (2)are assigned (3)was assigned to clean the windows (4)assigned to him 6.(1)of (2)envious (3)with (4)envy you having (5)the envy of all her friends 7.(1)abandoned (2)were abandoned (3)with (4)carrying (5)Abandoning myself to Abandoned to 8.(1)to belong (2)belongings (3)belonging (4)which belongs to belonging to 9.(1)in (2)persevered (3)perseverance (4)persevered in training 10.(1)resolve (2)on (3)resolution (4)resolved to smile (5)resolved not to tell 重点句型 1.(1)It happened that (2)It seemed that (3)it tumed out that 2.(1)would have struggled (2)have made such great progress (3)would not be filled with 随堂达标 I.1.sink 2.crew 3.envy 4.endurance 5.resolve 6.expedition 7.blanket 8.wage 9.bitter 10.aboard Ⅱ.（一）1.C2.A3.B (二)1.赋予2.表决3.艰苦的4.洗脸盆：洗涤槽 IlI.1.have been dreaming 2.down 3.qualified 4.was discovered 5.a 6.calmly 7.himself 8.which 9.to find 10.happier Section II Discovering Useful Structures 语法精练 I.l.has been addressing句意：Norman Stienwand在那个地区 务农，多年来一直在公开会议上讨论这个问题。强调 Norman Stienwand多年来一直在公开会议上讨论这个问 题，动作的持续性很强，故用现在完成进行时。 2.have been writing句意：但我一生都在写作。回答你的问 题，生活一直对我很好。强调“写作”和“生活对待我”这 两个动作的持续性，以及它们对现在的影响。 3.have been bringing句意：人们一直带着孩子来看母鸡，居 民们也来坐在外面看它们。强调“带孩子来看母鸡”这个 动作的持续性，以及居民们的行为（坐在外面看母鸡）。 4.have been studying句意：我整个星期都在为考试学习，现 在感觉筋疲力尽。根据all week可知，应用现在完成进 行时。 5.has been working句意：她从上个月开始就一直在做这个 项目，现在还没完成。根据句意及since last month可知， 应用现在完成进行时。 0 6.have been waiting句意：他们已经等了一个多小时的公交 车，但车还没来。根据句意及for over an hour可知，应用现 在完成进行时。 7.has been playing句意：他整个下午都在玩电子游戏，现在 眼睛都累了。根据句意及all afternoon可知，应用现在完 成进行时。 8.have been discussing句意：我们已经讨论这个问题几个 小时了，但还是没有得出结论。根据句意及for hours可 知，应用现在完成进行时。 9.has been leaming句意：他已经学习中文两年了，现在可 以进行基本的对话。强调“学习中文”这个动作从两年前 开始，持续到现在，可能还在继续。故用现在完成进行时。 l0.has been reading句意：她已经读了那本书三个小时了， 但还没读完。根据句意及for three hours可知，应用现在 完成进行时。 II.1.have been thinking of 2.have been developing are still being created 3.have been coming and going 4.More highways have been built in China 5.We have been waiting for him anxiously 6.the forest fire has been burning IlI.1.have been studying 2.have been leaming 3.have wasted 4.have been staying 5.have been getting 6.have been writing Section IlI Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing 自主预习 词汇记忆 1.thorough 2.furniture 3.bark 4.damp 5.corporate 6.candidate 7.episode 8.motive 词汇认知 1.橄榄球运动2.球拍；蝙蝠3.侄子；外甥 4.领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者 5.发动机：马达有引擎的：机动车的 6.孔子学说：儒家（学说） 词汇拓展 1.cruelty cruelly 2.unfortunately fortune fortunate 3.recreational 4.guide 5.advertising advertisement 6.roughly 7.loyalty 8.commit committed 词块识记 1.make fire 2.give off 3.consist of 4.decide on 5.move on 6.在…之前7.使高兴，使振奋8.团队精神9.应对；处理 10.坚持11.报答：偿还 课文预读 1.A2.B3.C4.A5.D 要点探究 核心词汇 1.(1)cruel (2)cruelly (3)cruelty (4)We human beings are cruel to wildlife 2.(1)Unfortunately (2)a (3)fortunate (4)be fortunate to eat the delicious local food 3.(1)with (2)on (3)set fire to the wood set the wood on fire 4.(1)up (2)away (3)off (4)in (5)out (6)gave out give up gave in to 18 5.(1)to (2)committed (3)commitment (4)commit yourself to your study (5)were committed to making 重点句型 1.(1)to rain (2)had got (3)wouldn't have realized (4)Were it not for the support of the teachers 2.(1)How (2)what (3)What if my phone was taken by other passengers 3.(1)thinking (2)informed (3)healthy (4)to keep the price under control (5)kept me wondering 随堂达标 I.1.episode 2.motive 3.recreation 4.loyal 5.damp 6.nephew 7.motor 8.guidance 9.navigator 10.commitment II.1.Cheer up 2.be cruel to 3.turn down 4.stick in 5.give off 6.nothing like 7.make fire II.1.sailed 2.to imagine 3.up 4.growing 5.that/which 6.optimistic 7.a 8.were rescued 9.commitment 10.but Section IV写作指导 二、l.be famous for2.grow up3.masterpiece 4.run away from 5.all walks of the society 6.generally speaking 7.in many aspects 8.expedition 9.make a commitment 10.go aboard the ship 11.unfortunately 12.abandon 13.resolve to do sth. 14.turn to sb.for help 15.get into a panic 16.endurance 17.perseverance 18.give up 1.an American writer was famous for his stories 2.grew up in a small town on the banks 3.One of his brilliant masterpieces 4.running away from home and wandering down 5.could never have been such extraordinary things 6.cover all walks of the society reflects the society 7.considered in many aspects a classic novel 四、I.whose real name famous for his stories 2.one of whose brilliant masterpieces is 3.With the people that Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of the society 五、连句成篇 One possible version: Mark Twain,whose real name was Samuel Langhome Clemens(1835-1910),was an American writer,famous for his stories. Mark Twain,one of whose brilliant masterpieces is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,grew up in a small town on the banks of the Mississippi River.The novel tells Huckleberry Finn running away from home and wandering down the Mississippi River.Soon he makes the acquaintance of a slave,Jim.If he hadn't met Jim,there could never have been such extraordinary things later on.With the people that Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of the society,the novel vividly reflects the society at that time. Generally speaking,considered in many aspects,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic novel in American literature.