被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（外研版）

9年级外研版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】被动语态（一般现在/过去/将 来时)专项突破 初中外研版九年级全册 语法精讲 语法概述：被动语态（一般现在过去/将来时）=动作承受者作主语，强调动作被谁做或如何被做， 由“be动词+动词过去分词”构成，一般现在时用am/is/are,一般过去时用was/were,一般将来 时用will be/be going to be。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：被动语态的基本结构及时态变化讲解： 被动语态由“be动词+及物动词过去分词”构成，不同时态的核心区别在于be动词的形式变化。 。一般现在时被动：主语+a/is/are+过去分词（表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作） English is spoken by many people around the world.(英语被全世界许多人使用) 。一般过去时被动：主语+was/were+过去分词（表示过去发生的被动动作） The letter was written by my brother yesterday..(这封信昨天由我哥哥写的) 。一般将来时被动：主语+will be+过去分词/主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词（表示将来 要发生的被动动作) A new hospital will be built in this area next year..(明年这个地区将建一所新医院) This song is going to be sung at the party tonight.(这首歌今晚将在派对上被演唱) 真题再现： 1.(2024 北京海淀期中，外研版)These books_in the library every day. A.keep B.are kept C.kept D.were kept 答案：B解析：every day表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动，主语books是复数，be动 词用are,keep的过去分词是kept。 2.(2023四川成都月考，外研版)The old bridge_last winter because it was dangerous. A.is built 1 9年级外研版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 B.was built C.is destroyed D.was destroyed 答案：D解析：last winter表示过去时间，根据语境“危险”可知是“被摧毁”，用一般过 去时被动，destroy的过去分词是destroyed。 重难点二：主动语态变被动语态的方法讲解： 1.步骤1：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语（若宾语是代词，需由宾格变主格） 主动：They clean the classroom every day.(宾语是the classroom) 被动：The classroom is cleaned by them every day.(主语是the classroom) 2.步骤2：确定被动句的时态（与主动句时态一致），并将主动句的谓语动词变为“b+过去分 词”形式 主动：She will finish the work tomorrow.(一般将来时) 被动：The work will be finished by her tomorrow.(will be+过去分词finished) 3.步骤3：将主动句的主语变为by的宾语（若强调动作执行者则保留，否则可省略） 主动：My mother makes this cake.（主语是ny mother) 被动：This cake is made by my mother.(by my mother表执行者，可省略) 注意：不及物动词（如happen,.appear等）无被动语态 主动：The accident happened yesterday.(无被动形式) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南京期末，外研版)People grow rice in the south of China.(改为被动语态) Rice in the south of China. A.is grown B.grows C.was grown D.grew 答案：A解析：主动句是一般现在时，主语ic是动作承受者，被动句用一般现在时被动， grow的过去分词是grown。 2.(2023 浙江杭州期中，外研版)They will hold a meeting next Monday.(改为被动语态) A meeting by them next Monday A.will hold B.will be held C.is held D.was held 答案：B解析：主动句是一般将来时，被动句用will be+过去分词，hold的过去分词是held。 2 9年级外研版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 重难点三：被动语态中y短语的省略及特殊用法讲解： 省略by短语的情况：当动作执行者不明确、不重要或无需强调时 The window was broken last night.(不知道谁打破的，省略by短语) Rice is eaten all over the world.(强调“被吃”这一事实，无需说明谁吃) 特殊用法：感官动词(see,hear等)和使役动词(make,let等)在主动语态中接不带to的不定式， 变为被动语态时需还原to 主动：We often hear her sing in the park.(hear后接不带to的sing) 被动：She is often heard to sing in the park.(被动语态中还原to,即to sing) 主动：The teacher made him finish the homework.(make后接不带to的finish) 被动：He was made to finish the homework by the teacher..(被动语态中还原to,即to finish) 真题再现： 1.(2024广东广州月考，外研版)A strange sound_in the room just now,but nobody knew what it was A.hears B.is heard C.was heard D.heard 答案：C解析：just now表示过去时间，主语sound是动作承受者，无需强调执行者，用一 般过去时被动，hear的过去分词是heard。 2.(2023湖北武汉期末，外研版)The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day.（改为被动语 态) The workers 10 hours a day by the boss. A.made to work B.were made work C.were made to work D.made work 答案：C,解析：主动句中make接不带to的不定式，被动语态需还原to,主语workers是复 数，一般过去时被动be动词用were,make的过去分词是made。 重难点四：含双宾语的主动句变被动语态讲解： 含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子变被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保 留不动 情况1：以间接宾语（指人）为主语 主动：My father gave me a new bike..(间接宾语me,直接宾语a new bike) 被动：I was given a new bike by my father.. 情况2：以直接宾语（指物）为主语，需在间接宾语前加to(用于give,pass等)或for(用于buy, nake等) 主动：She bought her sister a dress.(间接宾语her sister,直接宾语a dress) 3 9年级外研版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 被动：A dress was bought for her sister by her..(buy sth.for sb.变为被动时保留for) 主动：He passed me a pen.(间接宾语me,直接宾语apen) 被动：A pen was passed to me by him.(pass sth..tosb.变为被动时保留to) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东潍坊期中，外研版)The teacher taught us an English song in class.(改为被动语态， 以us为主语) We an English song in class by the teacher. A.taught B.were taught C.are taught D.teach 答案：B 解析：主动句是一般过去时，以间接宾语s为主语，被动句用一般过去时被动， teach的过去分词是taught。 2.(2023河南郑州月考，外研版)My uncle sent a postcard to me last week.(改为被动语态，以 a postcard为主语) A postcard to me by my uncle last week. A.sent B.was sent C.is sent D.sends 答案：B解析：主动句是一般过去时，以直接宾语a postcard为主语，send sth.tosb.变为 被动时保留to,被动句用一般过去时被动，send的过去分词是sent。 易错点综合演练 I.单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The old library down last month because it was too old. A.pull B.pulled C.is pulled D.was pulled 2.These flowers by my grandmother every morning. A.water B.are watered C.watered D.were watered 3.This story by many children in the world. 9年级外研版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 A.loves B.is loved C.loved D.was loved 4.The thief by the police when he was trying to escape. A.catches B.is caught C.caught D.was caught Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The classroom (clean)by the students every day. 2.A new bridge(build)over the river last year. 3.These books (not return)to the library yet.They must(return)before Friday. 4.The letter(write)by my brother yesterday. 5.A party(hold)in our school next month. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用被动语态） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（外研版教材课文改编） Anew school library 1.(build)in our school last year.It 2.(open)to students in September.Many new books 3.(buy)by the school.Now,the library 4.(visit)by hundreds of students every day. The books 5.(keep)in good order by the librarians.Students 6.(tell)to keep quiet in the library. I think we 7.(learn)a lot from the books here. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.English,by,spoken,is,many people,all over the world,(.) 2.The,was,by,letter,written,my sister,yesterday,(. 3.A,new hospital,be,will,built,next year,in this city,( 4.The,classroom,cleaned,is,every day,by the students,(. 5.This song,often,sung,at parties,is,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固被动语态） l.They grow rice in the south of China.(改为被动语态) 5 9年级外研版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 2.She will finish the work tomorrow.(改为被动语态) 3.My mother made this cake.(改为被动语态) 4.The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day.(改为被动语态) 5.We often hear her sing in the park.(改为被动语态) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.D2.B3.B4.D Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.is cleaned 2.was built 3.haven't been returned;be returned 4.was written 5.will be held Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.was built 2.was opened 3.were bought 4.is visited 5.are kept 6.are told 7.will learn V.连词成句： 1.English is spoken by many people all over the world. 2.The letter was written by my sister yesterday. 3.A new hospital will be built in this city next year. 4.The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 5.This song is often sung at parties. V.按要求改写句子： 1.Rice is grown in the south of China by them 6 9年级外研版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 2.The work will be finished by her tomorrow 3.This cake is made by my mother. 4.The workers were made to work 10 hours a day by the boss. 5.She is often heard to sing in the park by us. 7