动词时态和被动语态复习-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（仁爱版）

9年级仁爱版 【语法复习】 动词时态和被动语态精讲 语法专题 动词时态和被动语态复习 初中仁爱版9年级 语法精讲 语法概述：动词时态=表示动作发生的时间和状态的动词形式，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、 般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等：被动语态=主语是动作承受者的语态，基 本结构为b动词+及物动词的过去分词”，在句中强调动作的承受者或当动作执行者不明确时使 用。 重难点讲解 重难点一：各时态主动语态与被动语态的结构转换讲解： 主动语态变被动语态的基本规则： 1.一般现在时：主动（主语+动词原形/三单）→被动（主语+m/is/are+过去分词） 2.一般过去时：主动（主语+动词过去式）→被动（主语+was/were+过去分词） 3.一般将来时：主动（主语+wil/be going to+动词原形）→被动（主语+will be/be going to be+ 过去分词) 4.现在完成时：主动（主语+have/has+过去分词)→被动（主语+have/has been+-过去分词） 5.情态动词：主动（主语+情态动词+动词原形）→被动（主语+情态动词+b+过去分词） 例句： 主动：Many students speak English in class.(一般现在时) 被动：English is spoken by many students in class. 主动：My father bought a new car last month.(一般过去时) 被动：A new car was bought by my father last month, 主动：They will finish the project next week.(一般将来时) 被动：The project will be finished next week. 真题再现 9年级仁爱版 【语法复习】 动词时态和被动语态精讲 1.(2024·湖北武汉中考，仁爱版)A lot of trees._in our city every spring. A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted 答案：C解析：主语trees'”与”plant”是被动关系，”every spring'”表经常性动作，用一般现 在时被动语态”are planted'。 2.(2023·湖南长沙期末，仁爱版)This storybook_by my sister last year. A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written 答案：D解析：主语”storybook”与”write”是被动关系，"last year”表过去时间，用一般过去 时被动语态"was written'”。 重难点二：主动语态不带to的不定式变为被动语态时需还原o讲解： 主动语态中，使役动词(make/let/have)和感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice等)后接不定式作宾 补时，不定式不带t0:但变为被动语态时，必须还原to。 例句： 主动：The teacher made him clean the classroom.(不带to) 被动：He was made to clean the classroom by the teacher..(还原to) 主动：I heard her sing in the next room.(不带to) 被动：She was heard to sing in the next room by me..(还原to) 真题再现 1.(2024·江西南昌期中，仁爱版)The boss often makes the workers_forl0 hours a day.Last week,two workers to work overtime. A.work;are asked B.to work;asked C.work;were asked D.to work;were asked 答案：C解析：第一空”make sb.do sth.”主动语态不带to,用"work”:第二空workers”与”ask 是被动关系，”last week'表过去，用一般过去时被动语态"were asked'。 2.(2023·四川成都月考，仁爱版)We saw a little girl run across the street just now.(改为被动语 态) 2 9年级仁爱版 【语法复习】 动词时态和被动语态精讲 A little girl run across the street just now 答案：was seen to解析：主动句中'saw sb.run”变被动时，感官动词”saw”后的不定式需还 原to,即"was seen to run”。 重难点三：时态标志词与被动语态的结合运用讲解： 不同时态的被动语态需根据时间标志词判断： ●一般现在时被动：often,usually,.every day,always等 ·一般过去时被动：yesterday,last week,in2020,just now等 ●一般将来时被动：tomorrow,.next year,soon,in+时间段等 ·现在完成时被动：already,,yet,since,.for+时间段，so far等 例句： -These books have been borrowed by students already.(现在完成时被动，标志词'already'') -The meeting will be held in thehall tomorrow morning.(一般将来时被动，标志词'tomorrow morning') 真题再现 1.(2024·广东广州中考，仁爱版)How long the library_？一For about ten years.It一in 2014. A.has;opened;was built B.has;been open;was built C.is;opened;built D.was,opened;has been built 答案：B解析：第一空how long'”与延续性动词连用，”be open''表状态，用现在完成时has been open'';第二空in2014'表过去，"library”与build'是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语 态was built'”。 2.(2023·湖北襄阳期末，仁爱版)一_the new bridge_yet?-Yes.It_last month. A.Has;been built;was finished B.Is;built;finished C.Was;built;has been finished D.Did;build;finished 答案：A解析：第一空”yet是现在完成时标志词，'bridge”与build'是被动关系，用Has been built'”;第二空'last month”表过去，用一般过去时被动语态”was finished”。 3 9年级仁爱版 【语法复习】 动词时态和被动语态精讲 重难点四：被动语态的否定句和疑问句结构讲解： 1.否定句：在be动词/情态动词will后加not -一般现在时被动：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词 例：This song isn't sung by young people, .情态动词被动：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词 例：The work can't be done in an hour. 2.疑问句：将be动词/情态动词will提至句首 -一般过去时被动：Was/Were+主语+过去分词+其他？ Was the letter written by your brother yesterday? -一般将来时被动：Will+主语+be+过去分词+其他？ 例：Will the sports meeting be held next Friday? 真题再现 1.(2024·山东青岛期中，仁爱版)一_the homework_by you yet??一No,it一.I need another hour. A.Has;finished;hasn't B.Has;been finished,hasn't C.Was;finished;wasn't D.Will;be finished;won't 答案：B解析：问句中”yet”表现在完成时，”homework'”与'finish”是被动关系，用Has been finished':否定▣答用hasn't”。 2.(2023·河南郑州月考，仁爱版)The problem_by us in the meeting yesterday. A.isn't discussed B.wasn't discussed C.doesn't discuss D.didn't discuss 答案：B解析：主语”problem'”与”discuss”是被动关系，”yesterday”表过去，否定句在”was 后加'not',即'wasn't discussed'。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点》 1.The old buildings down in our town last year to build a park. 9年级仁爱版 【语法复习】 动词时态和被动语态精讲 A.pull B.pulled C.are pulled D.were pulled 2.Our school library at 8:00 every morning and many students read books there. A.open B.opens C.is opened D.was opened 3.These books to the children in the village next month A.send B.sent C.will send D.will be sent 4.-the homeworkby you yet?-Yes,I finished it an hour ago A.Has;been finished B.Is;finished C.Was;finished D.Did;finish Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.This song_(sing)by many young people now. 2.The bridge (build)in 2008 and it has been used for over 15 years. 3.More trees (plant)in our school next spring. 4.My mother often makes me (clean)my room,but yesterday I (make)to clean the living room too. Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用被动语态） 用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 A new library 1.(build)in our school last year.It 2.(open)to students in September.Many books 3.(buy)from different cities.Now,the library 4.(visit)by hundreds of students every day.Some rules 5.(make)to keep it quiet,like"No talking loudly".I think the library 6.(love)by all of us because it brings us so much knowledge. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.English,is,by,spoken,many people,in the world,( 9年级仁爱版 【语法复习】动词时态和被动语态精讲 2.the letter,was,written,by,my brother,yesterday,( 3.will,the project,be,finished,next week,(? 4.made,he,was,to,the classroom,clean,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固否定、疑问句式） l.They grow vegetables in the garden every year.(改为被动语态) 2.The teacher will give us a test next Monday.(改为被动语态) 3.The room was cleaned by my sister yesterday..(改为否定句) 4.We have finished the work already.(改为被动语态) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1D2.C3.D4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.is sung2.was built3.will be planted4.clean;:was made Ⅲ短文填空： 1.was built 2.was opened 3.were bought 4.is visited 5.are made 6.is loved IV.连词成句： 1.English is spoken by many people in the world. 2.The letter was written by my brother yesterday. 3.Will the project be finished next week? 4.He was made to clean the classroom. 6 9年级仁爱版 【语法复习】动词时态和被动语态精讲 V.按要求改写句子： 1.Vegetables are grown in the garden by them every year. 2.A test will be given to us by the teacher next Monday. 3.The room wasn't cleaned by my sister yesterday. 4.The work has been finished by us already 7