基数词与序数词-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（仁爱版）

7下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 基数词与序数词精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】基数词与序数词专项突破 初中仁爱版七年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：基数词(1,2,3，one,two,three..)表示数量，可用于谈论人或事物的数量：序数词（第一， 第二，第三，first,second,third.)表示顺序，用于说明人或事物的排列次序。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：基数词的构成与用法讲解： 基数词表示数量，基本结构为：1-12独立成词(one,two.twelve);13-l9以-teen结尾(thirteen, fourteen.nineteen):20-90整十数以-ty结尾(twenty,thirty.ninety);几十几由“整十数+连字符 +个位数”构成(e.g,twenty--one,fifty-six):百位数由“基数词+hundred”构成，后跟and连接十 位数（英式）或直接连接（美式），e.g,two hundred(and)thirty-five。基数词常修饰可数名词复数 或不可数名词，表示数量。 例句： 。I have three books.(修饰可数名词复数)》 。There are fifty students in our class.(整十数用法) ·This apple weighs two hundred grams.(百位数用法) 真题再现： 1.(2024 湖南长沙期中，仁爱版)一How many students are there in your class?一There are students A.forty five B.forty-five C.fourty-five D.fourty five 答案：B解析：“四十五”的正确拼写为forty-.five,注意foty无字母u,且需用连字符连接。 2.(2023湖北武汉月考，仁爱版)My grandma is_years old,but she still works on the farm A.eighty B.eightieth 7下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 基数词与序数词精讲 C.eight D.eighteen 答案：A解析：表示年龄用基数词，结合语境“仍在农场工作”，eighty（八十)符合逻辑。 重难点二：序数词的构成与用法讲解： 序数词表示顺序，基本构成规则：1-3特殊变化(first,second,.third):4-l9在基数词后加-th(fourth, fifth.nineteenth,注意fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth的拼写)：20-90整十数将y改为i加-eth(twentieth thirtieth..ninetieth):儿十几的序数词，整十数用序数词，个位数用序数词，中间加连字符(e.g, twenty-.first,.fify-sixth)。序数词前通常加定冠词the,表特指顺序；名词所有格或形容词性物主代 词后可省略the。 例句： 。This is my first time to visit Beijing.(序数词前加the) ·Her second book is very popular.(形容词性物主代词后省略the) ●He finished the race in the third place.(表顺序) 真题再现： 1.(2024广东广州期末，仁爱版)一Which month is the_month of a year?—It's December A.twelve B.twelveth C.twelfth D.twelth 答案：C 解析：“第十二个月”用序数词twelfth,注意拼写为twelfth(ve变为f加-h)。 2.(2023四川成都期中，仁爱版)Today is my cousin's_birthday.We will have a party for him. A.nine B.ninth C.nineth D.the ninth 答案：B解析：名词所有格cousin's后省略the,“第九个生日”用序数词ninth。 重难点三：基数词与序数词的混用及常见错误讲解： 1.基数词表数量，序数词表顺序，不可混淆。eg,“三楼”是the third floor(序数词)，而非three floor。 2.日期表达中，可用“月份+序数词”或“序数词+of+月份”，e.g,July5th或the5 th of July。 3.分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时分母加-s,e.g,one third(1/3),two fifths(2/5)。 4.常见错误：序数词拼写错误（如把fifth误写为fiveth):基数词与序数词混用（如“第二课”误 2 7下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 基数词与序数词精讲 写为two lesson)。 例句： 。My birthday is on October 1st.(日期用序数词) ●Two thirds of the students are girls.(分数表达) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南京月考，仁爱版)-When is your birthday?—It'son_. A.March 3th B.March 3rd C.March 3nd D.March 3rd 答案：B,解析：“3日”的序数词为hird,缩写为3rd,正确表达为March3rd。 2.(2023浙江杭州期末，仁爱版)About of the earth is covered with water.. A.three fourth B.three fourths C.third four D.third fourths 答案：B解析：分数表达“四分之三”为three fourths,分子大于1时分母加-s。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.There are students in the music club. A.thirty two B.thirty-two C.thirthy-two D.thirthy two 2.-Which is the day of a week?-It's Monday. A.two B.second C.twoth D.secend 3.About of the students in our class like English. A.two third B.two thirds 3 7下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 基数词与序数词精讲 C.second three D.second thirds 4.My brother isyears old and today is hisbirthday. A.nine;nine B.ninth;nine C.nine;ninth D.ninth;ninth Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构）》 1.There are (twelve)months in a year.December is the (twelve)month. 2.This is my uncle's(forty)birthday.He looks young. 3.Three_(hundred)people will come to the party tomorrow. 4.My new phone costs eight(hundred)and fifty yuan. 5.-What's the date today?-It's August the(five). Ⅱ短文填空（综合运用数词） 用括号内所给数词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Welcome to our school!There are about two (hundred)classes in our school.Our classroom is on the (three)floor.There are(thirty)students in our class.Today is the(one)day of the new term. We have(four)lessons in the morning and(two)in the afternoon.Our first lesson is English.The (twelve)lesson is PE.I like PE best. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the,fifth,is,month,May,year,of,a,(. 2.are,students,in,how,your,many,there,class,(? 3.is,my,birthday,on,October,1st,(. 4.this,is,my,time,visit,to,Beijing,second ( 5.three,are,books,the,on,desk,there,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固数词用法） l.There are fifty students in our class.(对划线部分提问) 2.He is twelve years old.(改为同义句) 4 7下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 基数词与序数词精讲 3.Today is June3rd.(对划线部分提问) 4.This is my first trip to Shanghai..(改为否定句) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2B3B4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.twelve;twelfth 2.fortieth 3.hundred 4.hundred 5.fifth 皿短文填空： 1.hundred 2.third 3.thirty 4.first 5.four 6.two 7.twelfth V.连词成句： 1.May is the fifth month of a year 2.How many students are there in your class? 3.My birthday is on October 1st 4.This is my second time to visit Beijing. 5.There are three books on the desk. V.按要求改写句子： 1.How many students are there in your class? 2.He is at the age of twelve. 3.What's the date today? 4.This isn't my first trip to Shanghai. 5