现在分词doing与过去分词done作定语的区别-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（教科版五四制）

八下外研版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】现在分词与过去分词作定语的 区别 初中外研版八年级下册（五四制） 语法精讲 语法概述：现在分词(doing)作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作，过去分词(done)作定语表示 被动或已完成的动作，在句中修饰名词。 一、重难点讲解 重难点一：现在分词与过去分词作定语的逻辑关系区别讲解： 现在分词(dog)作定语时，与被修饰名词之间是主动关系，表示“正在进行的动作”或“经常性、 习惯性的动作”。 The running boy is my brother.(running与boy是主动关系，意为“正在跑步的男孩”") 过去分词(doe)作定语时，与被修饰名词之间是被动关系，表示“已完成的动作”或“状态”。 The broken window was repaired yesterday..(broken与window是被动关系，意为“被打破的窗户”) 真题再现： l.(2024山东济南期中，外研版)Look!The girl_over there is my best friend. A.dance B.dancing C.danced D.to dance 答案：B解析：句中“Look!”提示动作正在进行，girl与dance是主动关系，用现在分词 dancing作定语。 2.(2023 河北石家庄月考，外研版)We should help the一people after the earthquake, A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.to affect 答案：C解析：people与affect是被动关系，“受影响的人们”用过去分词affected作定语。 八下外研版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 重难点精讲 重难点二：现在分词与过去分词作定语的时间意义区别讲解： 现在分词(dog)作定语强调动作的“进行性”，即动作正在发生或与谓语动词动作同时进行。 I heard the singing birds in the tree.(singing表示“正在唱歌的”，与heard同时发生) 过去分词(doe)作定语强调动作的“完成性”，即动作已发生且对现在有影响。 Have you read the book written by Mo Yan?(written表示“已被写好的”，动作先于read完成) 真题再现： 1.(2024天津和平区期末，外研版)The students_for the exam now are from Class Three A.prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.to prepare 答案：B解析：句中“now”提示动作正在进行，students与prepare是主动关系，用现在分 词preparing作定语。 2.(2023辽宁大连期中，外研版)I like the photo_by my father last summer. A.take B.taking C.took D.taken 答案：D 解析：photo与take是被动关系，“last summer”提示动作已完成，用过去分词taken 作定语。 重难点三：现在分词与过去分词作定语的位置区别（前置与后置）讲解： 单个分词作定语通常放在被修饰名词前（前置定语）。现在分词前置表主动、进行：过去分词前置 表被动、完成。 a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿，主动、进行) a broken cup(被打碎的杯子，被动、完成) 分词短语作定语时必须放在被修饰名词后（后置定语)，相当于一个定语从句。 The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.(-The girl who is wearing a red dress...) The house built last year is very beautiful.(=The house which was built last year...) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东青岛期中，外研版)Do you know the boy_a blue jacket? A.wear B.wearing C.wore D.to wear 答案：B解析：“wearing a blue jacket”是分词短语作后置定语，boy与wear是主动关系，用 现在分词。 2.(2023 山西太原月考，外研版)This is a story_on a real event in history. 2 八下外研版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 重难点精讲 A.base B.basing C.based D.to base 答案：C 解析：“based on a real event'”是分词短语作后置定语，story与base是被动关系 (“基于”)，用过去分词based。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点》 1.The girl in a red coat is my cousin.She likes singing very much. A.smile B.smiling C.smiled D.to smile 2.We should try to help those by the heavy rain last week. A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.to affect 3.Look!The workers a new library in our school.It will be finished next year. A.build B.building C.built D.to build 4.I found a wallet on the playground yesterday.There was some money in it A.lie B.lying C.lay D.laid Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The boy(read)a storybook now is my best friend. 2.This is a photo(take)by my uncle in the countryside last summer 3.Listen!The birds(sing)in the tree are so beautiful. 4.The students(invite)to the party yesterday are from Class Two. 3 八下外研版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 重难点精讲 Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用分词） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 One day,Tom saw a dog(run)after a cat in the park.The cat was so afraid that it jumped onto a (fall)tree.A(surprise)boy was watching them.He took out his camera and took a photo of the (interest)scene.Later,he showed the photo(take)by himself to his classmates.Everyone thought it was a (wonder)picture V.按要求改写句子（巩固分词用法） l.The girl who is dancing on the stage is my sister..(改为分词作定语) 2.Do you know the man who was interviewed by the reporter yesterday?(改为分词作定语) 3.The book that was written by Lu Xun is very popular.(改为分词作定语) 4.I like the songs that are sung by this singer.（改为分词作定语) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.reading2.taken3.singing 4.invited Ⅲ短文填空： 1.running 2.falling 3.surprised 4.interesting 5.taken 6.wonderful V.按要求改写句子： 1.The girl dancing on the stage is my sister. 2.Do you know the man interviewed by the reporter yesterday? 3.The book written by Lu Xun is very popular. 4.I like the songs sung by this singer 4